A/33/PV.93 General Assembly

Before taking up our agenda for this morning, I should like to invite the attention of the Assembly to document A/33/ 55l/Add.l containing a letter dated 15 January 1979 addressed to me by the Secretary-General, informing the General Assembly that Haiti has made the necessary payment to reduce its arrears below the amount specified in Article 19 of the Charter.

I should now like to invite the attention of the Assembly to a vacancy which has occurred unexpectedly in the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions as a result of the resignation of one of the members. 3. Even though agenda item 109 is not on the agenda of the resumed session, may I take it that the General Assembly has no objection to considering subitem (a) of item 109 at its plenary meeting this afternoon?

The General Assembly will now resume its consideration of agenda item 32. As representatives are aware, the General Assembly concluded its debate on that item at its 60th plenary meeting on 27 November 1978.. 5. The report of the Special Political Committee on the hearing of organizations is contained in document AI 33/453. May I take it that the Assembly takes note of that report? It wasso decided (decision 33/446).

The Assembly has before it draft reso1utioils A/33/LI0 and A/33/L.19 to A/33/L.32, each ofwhich has one addendum. 7. I call now upon the representative of the United Republic of Tanzania to introduce draft resolution A/33/ L31 and Add.I.

On behalf of the sponsors, it is a great pleasure and honour for me to introduce draft resolution A/33/L.31 and Add.1, entitled "Apartheid in sports". It is a draft resolution based on the recomniendation contained in the report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Convention against Apartheid in Sports [A/33/36]. 9. The draft resolution has four preambular paragraphsand four operative paragraphs. In its preambular paragraphs it makes reference to resolution 31/6 F of 9 November 1976 and resolution 32/105 M of 14 December 1917. As members may recall, resolution 3.1/6 F requested the Ad Hoc Com- mittee to prepare a draft declaration against apartheid in sports and to undertake preparatory steps towards the drafting of an international convention against apartheidin sports. In resolution 32/105 M, the General Assembly adopted and proclaimed the International Declaration against Apartheid in Sports and requested the AdHoc Committee. to draft an international convention against apartheid in sports for submission to the General Assembly. This draft resolution therefore- reaffirms the importance of effective measures for a complete cessation of all sports exchanges with South Africa and the need for the .early completion ofan mtematiocjl convention againstapartheid in sports. As Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee. j sm pleased to inform the Assembly that the Committee, as stated in its report, made significant progress during the past year in the preparation of a draft convention. In its operative part this draft resolution requests the Ad Hoc 18. I will not take more of the time of the Assembly, as there are a number of other draft resolutions to be introduced. Let me, however, in conclusion, draw attention to the last operative paragraph, which urges Governments and organizations to give special attention to the plight of children oppressed by the inhuman policy of apartheid. What more telling a condemnation of any system is possible than to point to its treatment of innocent children? What more poignant a call can be made than to remind ourselves that as long as the apartheid regime continues many children in South Africa may never reach adulthood? 10. This is a simple and straightforward draft resolution, and it is my hope and that ofthe other sponsors that it will be adopted unanimously.

I call on the representative of Sri Lanka to introduce draft resolution Aj33jL.29 and Add.l.

On behalfof the sponsors, it is my privilege to introduce to this Assembly draft resolution Aj33jL.29 and Add.l, entitled "Situation in South Africa".

I call on the representative of Sweden to introduce draft resolu- tion Aj33jL.32 and Add.l

On behalf of the sponsors, my delegation has the honour to introduce draft resolution Aj33jL.32 and Add.l. 13. Rhodesia and Namibia are the buffers which protect South Africa. South Africa is a sustaicer of the regimes in Rhodesia and Namibia. 21. During its previous two sessions, the General Assembly adopted by an overwhelming majority resolutions 31/6 K and 32j105 0, respectively, in which it urged the Security Council to consider steps to achieve the cessation of further foreign investments in South Africa. The Security Council has since then, while being seized of the question of South Africa, again considered the question of investments in South Africa. We regretfully note, however, that the Council, so far, has been unable to reach agreement on steps to achieve the cessation of further foreign invest- ments. 14. Draft resolution Aj33jL.29 commands wide spon- sorship and in a manner summarizes the sense of several oilier complementary resolutions. This draft resolution expresses the special responsibility of the United Nations and the obligation of the international community towards the people of South Africa and the oppressed, the imprisoned and the tortured among them, and towards their freedom fighters. 15. In past years, several resolutions condemning this policy have been adopted by the General Assembly. Despite this, the South African regime continues its brutal arid dehumanizing policy of repression, appealing nevertheless, through some peculiarly twisted logic ofits own, to Western countries to believe that the regime is thereby protecting Christian civilization and democracy. The documented crimes against humanity committed by the South African regime are diabolical perversions of all the values that civilized people all over the world cherish and uphold. 22. Since the Assembly adopted its resolution last year, the motives for taking steps in this direction have become even stronger and more pressing. A diminishing inflow of capital for investments and other purposes into South Africa would be an effective means to put pressure on the South African regime to change its racial ant! aggressive policies. Among other things, it would make it more difficult for that country to fulfil its ambitious and costly build-up of its military capacity and its energy reserves for the purpose of withstanding internal and international pressure. The sponsors therefore fmd it urgent to strengthen efforts to dry up the flow of resources to South Africa for the purpose of investment. 16. In its operative part the draft resolution strongly condemns the South African regime for its criminal policies and actions and proclaims full support for the national liberation movement of South Africa in its just struggle. It reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of the oppressed people of South Africa and their national movement by all available and appropriate means, including armed struggle, for the seizure of power by the people and for the full exercise of their political rights, the elimination of the apartheid regime, and the exercise of the right of self- determination by the people of South Africa as a whole. Let those sensitive countries which may be shocked into a state of abstention by the reference to armed struggle remember that the apartheid regime's resort to physical torture, imprisonment, assassinations and massacres can hardly be countered by petitions and appeals for justice, for such a regime knows none. 23. To that end, and to make such a resolution of further foreign investments really effective, the sponsors have also included an element concerning the cessation of financial loans to South Africa in this years's draft resolution. Aswas the case in previous years, however, the sponsors have formulated the operative elements of the draft resolution in such a way as to make it possible for the widest range of countries to take a positive attitude towards it. 24. The draft resolution which we now introduce should be seen as one element in a broad and joint international effort to bring an end to the apartheid policies, and it is in this spirit that we commend it for adoption by the General Assembly.

In our statement during the debate on the policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa [58th meeting], I remarked that we were engaged, not in a process of deliberation, but in a ritualistic incantation which has severely undermined the very purpose of the annual debate on apartheid. I also took that opportunity to restate Israel's position on apartheid, its unequivocal rejection of racism and racial discrimination in any form, and its equally unequivocal rejection of the specious and malicious policy of singling out Israel. Time and again, we have produced official international statistics showing that Israel's trade with South Africa amounted to two fifths of 1 per cent of South Africa's foreign trade, and we have asked to see the special resolutions condemning the countries that account for the other 99.6 per cent of that trade. We have stated and restated our compliance with Security Council resolution 418 (1977), and we have refuted the specific lies and distortions contained in the special report of the Special Committee against Apartheid : A/33/22/Add.2]. 27. All of this has been to no avail. Reality must not be allowed to intrude on a sacred ritual. If we had not been presented today with a special draft resolution condemning Israel, it would have amounted to an admission that such a policy in the past had been mistaken and misguided. And so the Assembly is being asked to vote today on a rehashed concoction of malicious lies that have become an embar- rassment to the very stature and prestige of this world Organization. 28. The absurdity of this exercise can nowhere be better illustrated than in the charge of "nuclear collaboration" contained in section III of the Special Committee's special report on which draft resolution A/33/L.21 is 'based.In our statement I pointed out that, aside from the title and the table of contents, there exists not one word nor one shred of evidence in this entire report about such collaboration, for the simple reason that it does not exist. Apparently embarrassed by this revelation, the sponsors have omitted the charge of nuclear collaboration from the text of draft resolution A/33/L.21. But, as I said, even the omission of one word would threaten the sanctity of the ritualistic condemnation of Israel, would intrude on reality, and thereby would reveal the folly and deception of the sponsors of that campaign of hatred. These sponsors have therefore deviously inserted the absolutely unfounded charge of nuclear collaboration in operative paragraph 2 of draft resolution A/33/L.24. Such a sly tactic deceives no one. It servesonly to reflect on the motives and methods of the sponsors and to undermine the integrity and credibility of the United Nations as a whole. 29. The charge of military collaboration is equally specious. Aside from my own statement to this Assembly [58th meeting], I refer members to Israel's written under- 30. I shall not repeat the figures relating to trade because they can be learned from official international publications. But if it is "economic collaboration" that we are zalking about, let us at least apply the same standards to every country represented here, and let us then receive a full accounting of all trade, investment, tourism, gold purchases and oil supplies to South Africa. Most of the countries represented in this world Organization, int;luding many of the sponsors of this hypocritical draft resolution, might then find themselves the targets of special resolutions, By singling out Israel, however, the' sponsors succeed in covering up, rather thaninvestigati."1g, the issue. 31. The necessity of repeating these plain and obvious facts is a wearisome task. It is high time that a serious assessment of this ritual took place, before it backfires completely. When some States persist in turning an apart- hew debate into a Middle Eastern debate, they succeed only in showing their disdain for and disinterest in a subject of vital concern to both Africa and the world. Since draft resolution A/33/L.21 contains a particularly gratuitous falsehood in its preamble, it is worth considering who in fact is committing a hostile act against Mrica, for the double standard of which I have spoke '1 has actually undermined the international campaign against racism and racial discrimination. 32. As far as Israel's position is concerned, it could not have been summed up better than by our former Prime Minister, Mrs. Golda Meir, in her autobiography. She wrote: "... Weshared with the Africans not only the challenge posed by the need for rapid development, but also the memory of centuries of suffering. Oppression. discrimina- tion, slavery-these are not just catchwords for Jews or for Africans, They refer not to experience undergone hundreds of years ago by half-forgotten ancestors, but to torment and degradation experienced only yesterday."4 Golda Meir died last month, but "the bond of real brotherhood and of shared aspirations" between Africans and Jews to which she so often referred will outlive the dead wood of lies and slander accumulated by the Special Committee and by this Assembly.

On a number of occasions the Government of Honduras has condemned the evil policy of apartheid, which has been systematically and cruelly pursued by the Government ofSouth Africa.It is a policy which denies the most elementary human rights and deprives the majority black population of effective participation in the economic and institutional life of the country. 35. Accordingly, our delegation will vote in favour of most of the draft resolutions before us, because we fully agree with their objectives. We shall vote in favour of the draft resolutions on "Military collaboration with South . Africa" [A/33/L.30 and Add.I] and an "Oil embargo against South Africa" [A/33/L.22 and Add.I] because our understanding is that they do not affect the competence of the Security Council at recognized by the Charter. 36. Our delegation will abstain in the vote on draft resolutions A/33/L.21 and A/33/L.24, because we find it inappropriate to refer to and condemn countries who maintain traditional friendly relations with Honduras. Finally, we shall abstain in the vote on the draft resolutions on the "Situation in South Africa'; [A/33/L.29 andAdd.I] and "Assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement" [A/33/L.28 and Add.I], because we do not agree with the philosophy and wording of a number of their operative paragraphs. We feel that they go beyond the provisions of the Charter and other relevant instruments of international law, and that makes a more general understanding in the international community more difficult, thereby impeding the urgent changes which, we feel, are needed in South Africa.

We shall abstain in the vote on draft resolution A/33/L.21, because it is not directly connected with agenda item 32. 38. We shall support the other draft resolutions, and that is consistent with the position that Argentina has tradi- tionally maintained on the subject of apartheid. However, we should like to make a few reservations. 39. First, we have reservations with regard to operative paragraph4 of draft resolution A/33/L.23. My country abstained in the vote on article 44 of Additional Proto- col 15 ofthe 1949 Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War,6 and the Protocol itself is still under consideration by the Argentine authorities. 5 See document A/32/144, annex I. 6 See United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75 (No. 972), p. 135. 41. Thirdly, we reserve our position on operative para- graph I of draft resolution A/33/L.25, which calls upon Governments to adopt a series of measures which would constitute genuine sanctions. Clearly, in order for the adoptir-., of those measures to be binding on Governments, what 1;': needed is a resolution first by the Security Council. 42. We also have strong reservations with regard to operative paragraph 3 of draft resolution A/33/L.29, which makes legitimate the recourse to a form of action not provided for in our Charter. 43. Finally, we reserve our position on operative para- graph 2 (c) of draft resolution A/33/L.30, since it refers to something which does not necessarily imply the existence of military collaboration with South Africa. 44. Mr. FRANC'IS (New Zealand): My delegation spoke in the debate on the question ofapartheid very recently [57th meeting] to express our firm and unalterable opposition to the apartheid system. We did so in part because we believe that it is important that the international community should speak with a united voice-as it did at the World Conference for Action against Apartheid held in Lagos in 1977-against the injustice, exploitation and cruelty of apartheid We expressed our readiness to support the heightening of international pressure for the abandonment of apartheid if the international community can achieve a consensus on new strategies to achieve a peaceful solution. We regret that some of the provisions in the draft resolutions before us today are not well calculated to attract such a consensus. 45. In particular, my delegation is unable to support draft resolutions calling for measures which it is the duty and function of the Security Council to decide upon. We believe that it is the Council's responsibility to assess when mandatory measures are called for and to take into account the consequences of such measures, particularly their possible effect on other States in the region. We therefore feel obliged to abstain in the voting on draft resolutions A/33/L.22, A/33/L.25 and A/33/L.30. I should like to repeat; however, that the New Zealanrt Government is ready to implement measures which the Council may agree upon, including economic sanctions. 46. With regard to draft resolution A/33/L.24 on nuclear collaboration, my delegation keenly regrets that it is unable to support it because it aims its provisions at particular countries when a general approach would have been more constructive. Our inability to support the draft resolution does not in any way lessen our deep concern that the development of a nuclear-weapon capability by the South African Government would have serious implications for international peace and security in the southern African region. 47. Once again my delegation finds it cannot support calls for the endorsement of armed struggle, as contained in 48. Turning to draft resolution A/33/L.31 on apartheid in sports, the New Zealand Government has made plain, through its adherence to and strict implementation of the Gleneagles Agreement," its commitment to further the struggle against apartheid by eliminating racial discrimina- tion from the world of sport. However, we are obliged to abstain in the vote on it, with considerable regret, because some provisions of the draft International Declaration against Apartheid in Sports [A/33/36, annex, appendix] require Governments to restrict the freedom of their citizens in ways which are contrary both to our administra- tive practices and to the principles on which they are based. 49. New Zealand is a sponsor of draft resolutions A/33/ L.1O, on the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa, and A/33/L.32, on investments in South Africa, and we shall support draft resolutions A/33/L.19, on international mobilization against apartheid, A/33/L.20, on tributes to the memory of leaders, A/33/L.23, on political prisoners in South Africa-though we have some difficulty with the legal implications of its operative paragraph 4-A/33/L.26, on the dissemination of information on apartheid, A/33/ L.27, on the programme of work of the Special Committee and A/33/L.28, on assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their liberation movements.

Jamaica will vote in favour of all the draft resolutions on the question of apartheid, con- tained in documents A/33/L.1O and A/33/L.19 to A/33/ L.32, of most of which we are a sponsor. 51. However, with reference to draft resolution A/33/ L.21, entitled "Relations between Israel and South Africa", we have to reiterate the reservations we expressed on a similar resolution adopted at the thirty-second session of the General Assembly.s We continue to have doubts about the criteria for the specific condemnation of collaboration by one country in a situation where more substantial collaboration is not similarly identified. My country is opposed to all collaboration which enables the racist regime of South Africa to persist in its criminal policies. It is on the basis of this position that my delegation will vote for draft resolution A/33/L.21. 52. Finally, with regard to draft resolution A/33/L.24, my delegation has doubts about the references to certain countries in operative paragraph 2, which we feel may not be justified on the basis of available evidence.

I am speaking on behalf of the nine countries members of the European Community. 7 Final Communique of the Commonwealth Heads of Govern- ment Meetingin London, 8-15 June 1977 (London, Commonwealth Secretariat, 1977), pp. 21-22. 8 See Officia! Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-second Session, Plenary Meetings, 102nd meeting, para. 139. 55. The nine countries are fully aware that the system of apartheid and the vicious circle of violence that it neces- sarily breeds are becoming more and more dangerous in their global consequences. The pressure of world opinion must, through the General Assembly, be applied to South Africa so that a rapid and fundamental change can be brought about. To make this pressure as effective as possible we must, when making recommendations in the General Assembly, try to bear in mind the fundamental goals on which there is a consensus. 56. In the light of the debate on the policies ofapartheid, and in particular the draft resolutions that have been submitted to the Assembly, the nine countries would like to express the following positions ofprinciple. 57. Our peoples and Governments share the goals of South Africans of all races who are working actively to eliminate the present system of racial discrimination and repression. The combat being waged by South Africans opposed to apartheid is not, to our mind, a struggle against a colonial Power but rather a struggle for freedom and equality in an independent and sovereign State. 58. As regards the ciscussions held in Assembly, we are aware of the importance of the contributions that the African National Congress of South Africa and the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania may make. However, bearing in mind that the Assembly in its plenary meetings has always been, and must remain, a forum for discussion among Member States, the nine countries consider that the African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress should have been heard in Committee in accordance with the traditional practice for such discussions. 59. The nine countries urge South Africa-as, indeed, we did quite recently in joint action in Pretoria-to put an end to the violence and repression against all those who oppose apartheid, to release all persons in prison or under house arrest because of their opposition to apartheid, and to lift the ban on organizations or information bodies that oppose apartheid. 60. However, we maintain our position of principle with regard to the applicability of the status of prisoner of war in accordance with the relevant Geneva Conventions. 61. In view of the conditions prevailing in South Africa, the nine countries are aware of the motives of individuals and groups that have had recourse to violence in reacting against the humiliations inflicted upon them. 62. We nevertheless believe that the United Nations has a supreme duty to act to promote peaceful solutions and should not endorse armed struggle. . 64. Since the' Charter is the basis of the work of our Organization, the nine countries members of the European Community hold that the division of competence between the General Assembly and the Security Council must be respected. 65. The nine countries reject apartheid in sports, and we have always scrupulously abided by the Olympic rule of non-discrirnination. In our countries sport is organizedon a private basis. Furthermore, our countries respect the right of individuals to travel abroad freely, and there are other internal legal obligations that our Governments have to respect in sporting activities. 66. Nevertheless the nine countries will continue to discourage sporting events that might imply racial discrimi- nation. Our Governments have voiced their views quite clearly on this subject in sporting organizations in our countries. ·67. The Nine States reject any arbitrary and unjustified attacks against specific Member States. 68. We are convinced that the differences of opinion that exist within the General Assembly should not divert us from the struggle against the evil of apartheid. In pursuing that goal the nine countries are in solidarity with all members of the General Assembly. 69. Mr. TlfiEMELE (Ivory Coast) (interpretation from French): We can never sufficiently condemn the policy of apartheid pursued by the Government of South Africa, a policy which, because it is the supreme insult to human dignity, shocks the universal conscience and justifies the mobilization against it of the entire international com- munity. That is why we do not doubt that, in denouncing whenever possible the complicity enjoyed by the cham- pions of that shameful policy, our Organization is ap- proaching its goal-that is, the complete elimination of that odious cIiminal system. 70. The condemnation that the policy of apartheid arouses does not impel my delegation unconditionally to align itself with the text submitted in document A/33{L.21, which concerns relations between South Africa and Israel. The reasons for this are as follows. 71. First, the third preambular paragraph of the draft resolution takes note "of the report of the World Con- ference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, held at Geneva". We should like to enter a specific reservation here, because, as we said in the Fourth Committee and elsewhere, that Conference fused certain questions in a way that my country cannot accept. 72. Further, my delegation finds it odd that in the denunciation of the accomplices of apartheid one State is pounced upon whereas everyone knows that Israel is not alone in our Organization in having privileged relations with 73. There is another draft resolution on which my delegation wishes to express its reservations. It is draft resolution A/33/L.24, which in its operative paragraph 2 calls upon "... all States which have not yet done so-in particular France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Israel and the United States of America-to cease forthwith all col- laboration with the racist regime of South Africa in the nuclear field and to take measures to prevent ...". 74. My delegation, which condemns the South African efforts to acquire nuclear weapons, will never associate itselfwith draft resolutions ofthis kind that would blacklist certain States. We would prefer the Assembly to take note of specific measures taken and announced by these coun- tries to abide by General Assembly resolutions in order to render our Organization entirely credible. 75. With regard to draft resolution A/33/L.22, which we support, we should like to reiterate here the traditional position of the Ivory Coast, to wit, that is not the only nor is it the most effective means for the complete elimination of the system of apartheid. It is the easiest one to take a decision on, but not the easiest to apply. There are other means of struggling against apartheid which the interna- tional community should be aware of. 76. Like all States Members of our Organization, my country is committed to the struggle to eliminate racial discrimination and apartheid and to establish greater justice throughout the world. That is why we support the other draft resolutions which condemn that odious practice of the South African Government.

My delegation wishes briefly to explain its voting on this item. As in previous years, a number of the resolutions include formulations for which my delegation could not vote and hence we shall have to lodge a number of abstentions and one "no" vote. 78. My delegation wishes to make. clear, however, that its votes in no way detract from the firm view of the Australian Government that the system ofapartheid should stand condemned by the international community for its fundamental conflict with basic rights. It is clear that the Government of South Africamust renounce the system of apartheid and must do so quickly. Furthermore, as my delegation has made clear in the debate on Namibia, it is essential that the Government of South Mrica co-operate fully and faithfully with the Security Council settlement plan for Namibia.s a plan which has the full support of the Australian Government. 79. My delegation will vote today in favour of a majority of the draft resolutions before us including that on political 80. My delegation, however, is unable to vote in favour of some of the other draft resolutions before the Assembly. We believe in particular that the United Nations ought not, as it would under draft resolution A/33/L.29, to endorse resort to the use of armed force and that proposals for action, such as those in A/33/L.22 and A/33/L.25, against the Government of South Africa should rather be con- sidered by the Security CounciL 81. In relation to draft resolution A/33/L.24, my delega- tion dissociates itself from the naming of particular countries. The Australian Government, however, is of course in full accord with Security Council resolution 418 (1977). 82. My delegation will vote in favour of draft resolution A/33/L.31 "Apartheid in sports", in line with the firm views of the Australian Government on racial discrimina- tion in South African sport and in line with the Australian Government's acceptance of responsibility for discouraging contact with sportsmen and sportswomen representing South Africa. The Australian Government has refused and will continue to refuse visas to teams from South Africa and to individuals from South Africa representing that country, so long as sport in South Africa is organized on a racially discriminatory basis. The Australian Government has drawn fIe attention of all Australian sporting organiza- tions to the relevant United Nations resolutions and to the Commonwealth statement on apartheid in sports. That is a reflection of the Australian Government's support for practical measures to secure an eariy and peaceful end to the apartheid system. 83. In conclusion, my delegation wishes to have clearly on record the Australian Government's belief that the Govern- ment of South Africa must make fundamental changes. It must renounce the system of apartheid. It must cease to harass and humiliate the majority of its people.

My country has played an active part in the Special Committee against Apartheid and in other forums and we will continue our efforts for co-operation in the final elimina- tion of the aberrant system set up by the minority Government, supported by others, which represents a grave threat to the entire southern African region and a growing threat to international security. 85. That is why Peru will vote in favour of all draft resolutions on this question, although, as we have said on other occasions, we cannot support the idea of mentioning certain countries or groups of countries by name in some draft resolutions, because that might be discriminatory and could detract from the effectiveness of resolutions which should enjoy the largest possible consensus within the international community.

It is certain that apartheid is a crime against humanity and an insult to human dignity. But, what is 87. Notwithstanding all those crimes, there are jurists, and very experienced ones unfortunately, who are ready to excuse that regime to international opinion. We have already said in the debate at this session that it is high time that everyone found the best way of showing respect for the peoples of Africa. We felt that there is no better way to show that respect than by joining the people of Africa in their efforts to obtain the total, effective and unconditional decolonization of our continent, which, unfortunately, is the only one which remains a victim of that evil. We understand the economic concerns of some, the political interests of others. We also understand the suggestion to which some have bowed and been obliged to relearn the lessons dictated by their masters. But what is certain-and my Government and people are deeply convinced of this-is that nothing can defeat the determination of the peoples and Governments of Africa to bury the system of apart- heid. 88. Therefore, we cherish the hope that those Govern- ments which continue, on whatever pretext, to furnish political, military or financial aid to South Africa, will finally choose the path of history, namely, by implement- ing the provisions of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) in deeds not merely in words. It is time to recall once more the words of my President, Comrade Ahmed Sekou Toure, who said that man does not savour the taste of honey with his ears but with his mouth. In other words, it is no longer a question of keeping our countries arid peoples happy with mere promises or with commitments that are not followed up by concrete action; now is the time for action. Only actions will convince us because we see a contradiction between the official attitude of the majority of States in our joint fight against apartheid and their actual actions against that regime. 89. Here again, the Party State of Guinea believes that when one passes judgement on a man, two things must be considered, namely, what he says and what he does. When there is.a contradiction between what he says and what he does, he should be judged by what he does, because action is the only criterion on which to make a truly objective judgement on a man or on a Government. . 90. Thus, my delegation reaffirms that my Government will resolutely and relentlessly combat apartheid regimes, not only in South Africa but also in Namibia and Zimbabwe. It is on that basis thatmy delegation, a member and three times Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, wishes to be considered a sponsor of the series of draft resolutions which. have been submitted relating to apartheid and the condemnation of the accomplices of apartheid. We hope, nay we' are convinced, that' the equivocal attitude of some will· not prejudice the deter- mination of our brothers who are fighting for freedom in the African. National Congress, the Pan Africanisttongres$, the Patriotic Front and the South West. Africa People's Organization. 93. I should like to state that the threat of condemnation is more effective than condemnation itself. Naming coun- tries involves the danger of those countries becoming immune to international public opinion. 94. Subject to this explanation, the Sri Lanka delegation fully supportsthis draft resolution and willvote for it.

In explaining our vote on the various draft resolutions before us, I should like to preface my remarks by reaffirming our strong belief that the people of South Africa are entitled to the support of the international community in their struggle for justice and raciaI equality. As evidence of our conviction, members of this Assembly are well aware of the actions which the Canadian Government has taken within the last year to express our strong opposition to the apartheid policies of the South African Government. 96. Turning now to the 15 draft resolutions before us today, I should like to explain the considerations which have guided the Canadian Government in deciding its vote on these various texts. 97. First, we shall support the seven draft resolutions in documents A/33/L.10, A/33/L.19, A/33/L.20, A/33/L.23, A/33/L.26, A/33/L.27 and A/33/L.31. We shall vote in favour of draft resolution A/331L.l9, the purpose 0- which we fully support, despite our reservation regarding the preambular paragraph' which seeks to reaffirm the General Assembly's full commitment to the elimination of the threat to international peace and security caused by the apartheid regime. As we have stated before, the determina- tion of such a threat can only be made by the Security Council and, in our view, the General Assembly should liot attempt to prejudge a sittiation of this gravity and importance by an almost casual reference in a preambular paragraph in one of a seriesof resolutions. 98. We shall support the draft resolution on apartheid in sports, N33/L.31, because of our strong support for the International Declaration against Apartheid in Sports, which my delegation played an active part in drafting. In 99. My delegation will abstain in the vote on draft resolutions A/33/L.22, A/33/L.24, A/33/L.28, A/33/L.30 and A/33/L.32. We shall abstain in the vote on draft resolution A/33/L.24 because it calls for a total end to all nuclear co-operation with South Africa. We have no nuclear co-operation or agreements with South Africa, but we consider that this draft resolution might have the undesir- able effect of weakening incentives for South Africa fully to adhere to international nuclear safeguards agreements. Because of a similar reference to nuclear co-operation, we shall also abstain in the vote on draft resolution A/33/L.30. 100. Canada fully supports and is a major contributor to international programmes designed to help to meet the educational, training and humanitarian needs of the people of South Africa. But we have reservations about the reference in draft resolution A/33/L.28, operative para- graph 1, to "all assistance required by the ... national movement" , and similar references in operative para- graphs 2 and 5. We shall therefore abstain in the vote on that draft resolution as we did last year on a similar draft resolution. 101. We shall also abstain in the vote on draft resolution A/33/L.22 and draft resolution A/33/L.32 on new invest- ments. The action called for in those draft resolutions, in our view, can be implemented effectively only through mandatory decisions of the Security Council, which must be taken in light of the appropriate Charter provisionsand of circumstances existing at a giventime. 102. My delegation will vote against draft resolution A/33/L.21 concerning relations between Israel and South Africa. We have on numerous occasions made known our objections to the singling out of Israelfor criticism,and we regret that annual resolutions of this sort continue to be a divisive element ip our common struggle against apartheid. 103. We shall also vote against draft resolution A/33/L.25 on economic collaboration with South Africa. We do not agree that economic relations with South Africa are the main obstacle to the liquidation ofthe racist regime and to the elimination of apartheid. If implemented, that draft resolution would also require the severance of diplomatic relations with South Africa which, in our view,would be a self-defeatingmeasure. 104. My delegation is also opposed to draft resolution A/33/L.29 on the situation in South Africa, which contains

My Govemment wishes to reaffirm our opposition to the policy of apartheid and our abhorrence of all aspects of that system. The United Kingdom is committed to continue to work for rapid, fundamental and peaceful changein South Africa. Consequently we fully share the main objective of these draft resolutions, namely, the abolition of apartheid. We deeply regret that there was no attempt to express the common aim in all cases in language which we could support. 106. We shall abstain in the vote on draft resolution A/33/L.28, "Assistance to the oppressed people of South Mrica and their national liberation movement". Although we fully support the need for increased humanitarian and educational assistance, we cannot subs-dbe to the wider implications of operative paragraph 1 01. that draft resolu- tion, in view ofour well-known views on the importance of peaceful change. We see the problems of South Africa as those of human rights, not of colonialism. We also reserve our position on the references in this and others of the draft resolutions on apartheid which appear to us to affect the respective powers and functions of United Nations organs. 107. We shall join the consensus on draft resolution A/33/L.26 on the dissemination of information, but we must reserve our position on some of the provisions of that draft resolution which urge specific actions upon Member Governments.

The Turkish delegation will vote in favour of all the draft resolutions submitted under agenda item 32 with the exception of that contained in document A/33/L.24 on nuclear collaboration with South Mrica, on which we shall abstain. 109. Our views on this agenda item were explained in detail in the Assembly on 24 November 1978 [58th meeting}. Our support for these draft resolutions, there- fore, is a reflection of our adamant opposition to the degrading and inhuman policies of apartheid, as well as our clear-cut recognition of the necessity for taking effective mandatory measures against the Government of South Mrica because of those poiicies. 110. However, my delegation would like to put on record that we are not very pleased about the wording and nature of some ofthe draft resolutions. Furthermore, we are not convinced that any useful purpose is and can be served by singling out some countries by name among others which also follow similar policies that contradict United Nations resolutions in this regard. 111. Our abstention in the vote on draft resolution A/33/L.24, which stems from the fact that we reject in principle the singling out of the names of countries on a selective basis, should therefore be explained in this. context. Operative paragraph 2 of the said draft resolution 112. As for operative paragraph 11 ofthe draft resolution contained in document A/33/L.29 regarding the situation in South Africa, for which we shall vote, I should lUce to recall here that the Turkish delegation voted for the draft International Convention on 'the Suppression and Punish- ment of the Crime ofApartheid when it wasadopted at the twenty-eighth session of the General Assembly[resolution 3068 (XXVHI)J. However, my delegation in a statement made at the time!! pointed out the substantial legal problems which the Draft Convention posed for us. Certain provisions of the Convention are not compatible with SOme of those of our national legal system. That position of the Turkish Government remains unchanged vis-i-vis the said Convention.

The delegation of Boliviawillvote in favour of the draft resolutions submitted under agenda item 32, with the exception of those in documents A/33/L.21, "Relations between Israel and South Africa", A/33/L.22, "Oil embargo against South Mrica" and A/33/L.2S, "Eco- nomic collaboration with South Africa". We shall abstain in the vote on those draft resolutions. 114. In the first case, we will abstain because, as we have already said on past occasions, condemnation of Israel alone implies discrimination. It singles out one State. Although Israel bears major responsibility, it would seem that that responsibility is shared by other States also. We feel that any accusation of this kind, ifnot duly backed by evidence, instead of encouraging international co-operation and joint action to eliminate completely the abominable practice of apartheid, has the effect only of dividing countries into groups and blocs, and we cannot support that. . 115. In the second case, my country has already categori- cally and irreversibly expressed in the Security Council its repudiation of the policy of apartheid. We will abstain in the vote on this draft resolution because talks between the United Nations and the Government of South Africa have not yet been concluded. We understand that the Secretary- General's Special Representative, Mr. Ahtisaari, is in South Africa and that the results of the negotiations will be made known only on his return, at which time the Security Council will receive his report and take appropriate action in accordance with it. 116. In order to implement a measure of such severity, even in the case of so flagrant a rebellion as that of the Government of Pretoria in its refusal to abide by decisions of the Security Council and General Assembly, it would seem appropriate in my delegation's view to exhaust first all means for persuasion and dissuasion before bringing that matter up within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Security Council; and what the Security Council will do will depend on the final results ofthe negotiations. 11Ibid., Twenty.eighth &mon. Third Committee, 2007th meet- ing, para. 29. .

We have now heard the last speaker in explanation of his vote before the vote. I have received requests from two delegations who wish to introduce draft resolutions. 119. I call first on the representative of Cuba who wishes to introduce draft resolution A/33/L.27.

The delegation of Cuba is honoured to introduce to the General Assembly draft resolution A/33/L.27 under item 32 and entitled "Programme of work of the Special Committee against Apartheid". Nineteen Member States have joined in sponsoring this draft resolution. 121. I shall speak very briefly on the subject because the language of the draft is very eloquent and self-explanatory, and we-.need only repeat a few of the points in this important programme of work that will be carried out by the Special Committee. 122. The draft praises the Special Committee-as we do-for all it has accomplished in carrying out its mandate. It also takes into account the need to expand the activities of the Special Committee bearing in mind the recommen- dations put forward in its report. Similarly, the Assembly would reiterate its determination, as expressed in General Assembly resolution 32i105 B of 14 December 1977 proclaiming the year beginning on 21 March 1978 Inter- national Anti-Apartheid Year, to take all appropriate action to promote the world-wide observance of the year in full solidarity with the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movements. 123. The draft also indicates the growing importance and urgency of effective international action against apartheid that requires intensified and concerted efforts on the part of all Governments and non-governmental organizations, as well as co-operation with the movement of non-aligned countries, the Organization of African Unity [OAUj and other organizations which have played an outstanding role against apartheid and which have planned programmes of work in connexion with the struggle against apartheid. 124. I might also mention the invitation that the Special Committee would be authorized to extend to the represen- tatives of the South African liberation movements recog- nized by the OAU and those of other organizations active in opposition to apartheid to take part in consultations on various aspects of apartheid and on international action against apartheid. 125. The Special Committee would further be authorized to· associate representatives of South African liberation movements recognized by the OAD with its missions, as the spokesmen of the oppressed people of South Africa. 126. The Special Committee would also be requested, in co-operation with the Secretary-General, to make proposals 127. In view of the need to establish a hierarchy in what is being done it is decided in one paragraph of the draft resolution that the post of Executive Director of the Centre against Apartheid be reclassified as a post of Assistant Secretary-General. 128. Finally, all Governments, the specialized agencies and other institutions within the United Nations system and other organizations are requested to co-operate with the Secretary-General and the Special Committee in the imple- mentation of the resolution.

I now call on the representative of Benin who wishes to introduce draft resolution A/33/L.30.

On behalf of the sponsors, I should like to introduce draft resolution A/33/L.30, entitled "Military collaboration with South Africa". 131. Apartheid is an odious system of colonial domination and exploitation of man by man, and it would have been easier to fight it peacefully, had its champions not been armed to the teeth, as they are now, thanks to their allies, friends and Western collaborators. For this reason, the apartheid regime which, thanks to the military technology of Western capitalist countries, has sophisticated modem and conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction and has already mastered nuclear technologies, now consti- tutes a serious threat to peace and security in our continent. The military collaboration of certain Western countries with that odious regime represents a serious crime against peace and security in Africa, The hypocrisy and customary deceit practised by certain countries with regard to their commitments to the struggle against apartheid cannot deceive us. 132. The struggle against apartheid, according to the sponsors of the draft resolution, involves putting an end to the military collaboration which allows the racist minority regime to increase and refine its repressive measures and mass illings of the oppressed people of South Africa. The stru against military collaboration also involves the implem tation of Security Council resolution 418 (1977). We kno about" all the means invented today by certain countries get around the provisions of that resolution and allow South Africa to continue to obtain armaments. We are also aware of.the fact *hat a restrictive interpreta- tion of that resolution has diminished its scope and allowed arms purveyors to pursue their business, at the expense of the interests of the African States. 133. Hence the struggle against the racist apartheid regime necessarily involves the complete cessation of all military collaboration with South Africa. The United Nations and its Member States have constantly denounced that collabo- ration. The sponsors of the draft which I have just 134. As can be seen, this draft resolution is worded very simply. Operative paragraphs 1 to 3 represent an effort to emphasize already existing Charter provisions dealing with situations of this sort. 135. We hope this draft resolution will command majority support.

The General Assembly will now take decisions on the various draft resolutions before it. The report of the Fifth Com- mittee on the administrative and financial implications of those draft resolutions appears in document A/33/555. Inasmuch as that document has yet to be distributed, I would request the Rapporteur of the Fifth Committee, Mr. Hamzah Mohammed Hamzah, of the Syrian Arab Republic, to present that report. 137. Mr. HAMZAH (Syrian Arab Republic), Rapporteur of the Fifth Committee: As some language versions of the report of the Fifth Committee in document A/33/555 on the administrative and fmancial implications of General Assembly action on the question of apartheid is not available to the Assembly, I should like to inform the Assembly orally of the recommendation of the Fifth Committee. 138. I am authorized by the Fifth Committee to inform the General Assembly that, should it adopt draft-resolu- tions A/33/L.I0 and A/33/L.19 to A/33/L.32, additional appropriations of $688,400 would be required under sections 3A, 3D and 21A of the programme budget for the blennium 1978-1979, as well as an additional amount of $29,100 for staff assessment under section 25, offset by the same amount under income section 1.

We turn first to draft resolution A/33/L.IO and Add.I entitled "United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa". May I take it that the General Assembly decides to adopt that draft resolution?

We now turn to draft resolution A/33/L.l9 and Add.l , entitled "International mobilization against apartheid". A recorded vote has been requested.

We shall now vote on draft resolution A/33/L.20 and Add.l, entitled "Tributes to the memory of leaders and outstand- ing personalities who have made significant contributions to the struggles of the oppressed peoples"_ A recorded vote has been requested.

We shall now vote on draft resolution A/33/L.21 and Add.l, entitled "Relations between Israel and South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested.

We now turn to draft resolution A/33/L.23 and Add. 1, entitled "Political prisoners in South Africa". May I consider that the General Assembly adopts that draft resolution? Against: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America Abstaining: Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Japan, Liberia, Mexico, Nepal, Nicaragua, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Samoa, Singapore, Suriname, SwaziIand, Uruguay 145. The PRESIDENT [interpretation from Spanish): The Assembly will now vote on draft resolution A/33/L.24 and Add.l , entitled "Nuclear collaboration with South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested. In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argen- tina, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czecho- slovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,

We now turn to draft resolution A/33/L.22 and Add.1, entitled "Oil embargo against South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested. 13 The delegations of Morocco and Thailand subsequently in- formed the Secretariat that they wished to have their votes recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. 14 The delegation of Morocco subsequently informed the Secre- tariat that it wished to have its vote recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. The delegation of Thailand subse- quently informed the Secretariat that it wished to have its vote recorded as an abstention. 15 The delegations of Morocco and Thailand subsequently in- formed the Secretariat that.they wished to have their votes recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. Against: France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Luxern- bourg, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America Abstaining: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, El Salvador, Gabon, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Ireland, Italy, Liberia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Portugal, Rwanda, Samoa, Spain, Suriname, Togo, Turkey

We now turn to draft resolution A/33/L.25 and Add.I, entitled "Economic collaboration with South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested.

We now come to draft resolution A/33/L.27 and Add.l, entitled "Programme of work of the Special Committee against Apartl.eid. A recorded vote has been requested.

We shall now vote on draft resolution A/33/L.29 and Add.l, entitled "Situation in South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested.

The Assembly will now take a decision on draft resolution A{33/L.28 and Add.I, entitled "Assistance' to the op- pressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement". A recorded vote has been requested.

We now turn to draft resolution A/33/L.30 and Add.l , entitled "Military collaboration with South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested. In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argen- tina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Against: None

We shall now turn to draft resolution A;33/L.31 and Add.I, entitled ...Apartheid in sports". A recorded vote has been requested. In favour: Mghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argen- tina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burondi, Byelorossian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica,Cuba,Cyprus,Czecho- slovakia, Democratic Kampuehea, Democratic Yemen, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,Ethiopia, Fiji,Finland, Gabon, German Democratic Republ'c, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hon- duras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait- Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lrsotho, Liberia, Libyan ArabJama- hiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania,Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, SWaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand,Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Re~ublic of Cameroon, Abstaining: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Ireland, ItalY, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand,Portup}, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern lreiand, United States of America The draft resolution wa~ adoptedby 112 votes to none, with 15abstentions (resolution 33/183 N).23 153. The PRESIDENT {inszrpn-tation from Spanish): We shall now vote on draft resolution A/33/L.32 and Add.l, "Investments in South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested.