A/44/PV.63 General Assembly

Before proceeding with the considera tion of the items on the agenda for this afternoon, I should like to invite the General Assembly to join in a tribute to the nemory of Mr. Rene Moawad, President of the Lebcnese Republic. It was with deep sorrow that I learnt this morning of the tragic death of President Moawad. President Moawad had been a Member of Parliament over three decades and symbolized the highest qualities of public service. He worked tirelessly, wi th vis ion and remarkable human quali ties, for peace ald soc ial justice in Lebanon. His death is a tragic loss to his country. On behalf of the General Assembly, I request the representative of Lebanon to convey our heartfelt condolences to the Government and people of Lebanon and to the bereaved family. I call on the Secretary-General.

This is a day of mourning for Lebanon and a day of consternation for the entire international community. A cowardly and terrible attack has cost the life of President Rene Moawad, whose election we had just welcorred. We condemn most energetically this hateful crime. President Moawad was a Lebanese patriot who shouldered his responsibilities in full awareness of the danger and the challenge involved, Cl'ld that is not the least of the reasons why he attracted so much respect and admiration. This tragedy occurred on the day on which Lebanon was commemora ting its in&pendence, ald at a time when it was hoped that the acts of violence which for so long had ravaged that country were a thing of the past. At this moment of tragedy, I appeal to the Lebanese ~ople to renounce violence ald unite in determination to restore the values which made Lebanon great. They owe it to the mennry of President Moawad and the other Lebanese leaders who sacrificed their lives in the service of their country to continue with courage the process of national reconciliation and reconstruction of the legal institutions of Lebanon. The PRFSIDENT, I invite members of the Asse1Tbly to stand and observe a minute of silenee in tribute to the memory of President Moawad. The members of the General Assembly observed a minute of silence•.

I now call on Mr. Phoofolo, representative of Lesotho, who will speak on behalf of the African Group of States. Mr. PHOOFOLO (Lesotho): In the current international political climate the international community is distancing itself from the use of violence as a means of resolving political conflicts and differences. The new international mood continues to evoke new hope for all members of the international community. Just as we hope for the definitive settlement of all regional conflicts, so it has been ror fervent hope that an end to the suffering which the people of Lebanon have endured for more than a decade was in sight. The commendable initiative carried out by our brothers in the Middle East was welcomed and hailed as a positive and very constructive contribution towards a return to normality in Lebanon. It is indeed incomprehensible that the forces of darkness and mischief maintain their shameless and inhuman selfishness in order to attain their personal ends, at the ~x~nse of the general welfare, peace and tranquillity so longed for by the Lebanese people and the international community. On behalf of the African Group and of my country, I must say that we learnt with a great sense of shoc;k of the dastardly and cowardly act that resulted in the untimely death of the President of Lebanonv Mr. Rene fblwad. The leadership of the (The Secretary-General) late President was a product of the intense efforts of all those people who cherish peace and the ideals of democracy. He was the hope of the new Lebanon, which was striving for the happiness cmd' joy of all its people. The untimely death of President Rene Moawad is, regrettably, a temporary setback for all the forces of peace, justice cmd freedom in Lebanon, but the forces of darkness should not deceive themselves, their cowardly act, which was a short-sighted act of frustration cmd defeat, will bring them no Success. Africa shares the grief of the Government and people of Lebanon. We convey to them, cmd particularly to the next of kin of the late President, our sincere sympathy and condolences. We say to the people of Lebanon, draw fortitude and strength from the ideals l.lnd principles that guided and made President Rene Moawad the leader he was, continue to be inspired by all that he stood for and valued. May his soul rest in peace. (Mr. Phoofolo, Lesotho) The PRESIDmtiT: I call on the representative of Brunei Darussalam, who will speak on behalf of the Group of Asian States. Mr. JAYA (Brunei Darussalam): On behalf of the memers of the Group of Asian States, I wish to associate myself with the other speakers in expressing our immense sorrow on the tragic deDdse of His Excellency President Ren~ Moawad of Lebanon. I sincerely extend to the Lebanese delegation, to the people and the Government of Lebanon md to the bereaved family of the late President our condolences and heartfelt sympathy for the loss of their leader. May I also appeal to all concerned to remain calm and exercise restraint during this moment of sadness. It is hoped that all parties will continue to co-operate cmd extend their indulgence in the interest of peace and atability in that area. At this hour of grief, I request, on behalf of the Group of Asian States, that this message be conveyed to the Government of Lebanon and to the late President's family.

I call on the representative of Antigua and Barbuda, who will speak on behalf of the Group of Latin American and Caribbean States. Mr.HURST (Antigua and Barbuda): On behalf of the Group of Latin American CI'ld Caribbean S.....ltes, I wish to convey our heartfelt sympathy to the people and the Government of Lebanon. The acts of violence which have racked that country will only make more difficult the solu tion of what appears to be intractable problems. I wish to convey to the Lebanese delegation and to the family of the late President that Latin America cmd the Caribbean share their loss, and we shall continue to act in this forum to promote peace in that region.

I call al the representative of Norway, who will speak on behalf of the Group of western European and other States. Mr. 'l'EUMANN (Norway), It was with shock and gZ'ief that the delegations of the Group of Western European and Other States learned of the tragic news of the assassination of President Rene Moawad snd his compatriots. Scarcely more than a fortnight has passed since ~1~. Moawad was elected Presicient of Lebanon; cnd his c~timely death thus coincided with the accomplishment of an tmportant stage on the road to restoring peace ald unity in Lebanon md rejuvenating its institutions. This heinous deed has left the world with a sense of great loss and outrage and the Lebanese people without an inspiring leader who had ~&ised expectations ~d hope of bringing unity to that war-torn country so that the Lebanese people could achieve peace, dignity ald harmony. In this dark hour ~~ pled9~ our support to the people of Lebanon and appeal to all sectors of the Lebanese people to keep alive the hope ald the vis ion of President Moawad for a peacefUl end to the tragic situation in Lebanon. On behalf of the Group of Western European and Other States, I should like to convey our most sincere condolences to the bereaved families, too the people and the Govern~nt of Lebanon end to our colleagues in the Lebanese delega tion. The PRESIDmT: I call on the representative of Kuwait, who will speak Q\ behalf of the Group of Arab States. Mr. ABUL~l! (Kuwait) (interpretation from Arabic): It was with extreme shock that the Arab Group in New York received the news of brotherly·Lebanon's lOBS of its President, Rene Moawad, as 3 tesu! t of a hateful criminal act. That loss is not Lebanon's alone, it is the Ar ab na t ion's &s well. He was a Presi dant in whom many hopes had been placed to extricate Lebanon from the plight in which it has fotmd itself for so many years. If tha loss of any President is a grave loss, that of the President of brotherly Lebanon, in the context of the circumstances besetti1'W;J that Arab country, is irtdaed so cat.astrophic that its consequences cannot be predicted. The late President, who was a man of moderation Md justice, from the very first moments of his election attempted the monumental task of ridding Lebanon of its plight, stemming the bloodshed and aChieving national reconciliation. The steps he took testifY to the purity of his objectives and were a genuine expression of the wishes of the Lebanese people. However, the criminal hald of blind violence has extinguished that torch of hope in Lebanon. Death is an act of God, an act we must accept. It is the inevitable fate of every human being. However, the motives behind the assaesination 11llst always be denounced and condemned. Truth will always prevail~ cnd the truth of Lebanon is that its people is creative snd faithful to its true Arab identity in defGnding its territorial integrity, sovereignty and institutions and in working for national reconciliation. These qualities have characterized the Lebanese nation and have earned it the admiration of the world. The Lebanese people, which have given their country great:. leaders such as the late President Moawad, will undoubtedly be able to find a worthy successor through the exercise of its legitimate constitutional process and by upholding the principle of legitimacy • It will thus be able to renew its institutions. The international community is called upon not to stop short at expressing its feelings of regret for Lebanon and its people. What Lebanon needs mder the circumstances is continuing support for its legitimacy, its territorial integrity and the restoration of its sovereignty Md stability. It is that kind of ongoing support Members are called upon to extend. On behalf of the Group of Arab States, which I have the honour of chairing this month, I wiah to express our cQ'ldolences to the Lebanese delegation, hoping that this expr~ssion of solidarity will be oonveyea to the people and the Governrrent of LebanOl\ and to the bereaved f&mUy Q (Mr. Abulhasan, Kuwait) The Arab Group is particularly appreciative of and grateful for the feelings of the international community exp:essed by all the speakers wh.o have preceded me in expressing condolences to Lebanon and its people. We fully appreciate these condolences and the expressions of support by you, Mr. President, the Secretary-General and the Chairmen of the regional groups. Ashes to ashes, dust to dust. The' PRmIOENT: I now call upon the representative of Yugoslavia, who will speak on behalf of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries. Mr.'PEJIC (Yugoslavia): In ~ capacity as Chairman of the Co~rdinating Bureau of Non-Aligned Countries at the United Nations in New York I wish to express profound shock and outrage at the tragic news of the assassination of the newly elected President of Lebanon, His Excellency Mr. Rene Moawad. Allow me to take this opportunity to oonvey our most sincere sympathy and condolences to the Government and people of Lebanon and the bereaved family at this tragic death. The late President Moawad will be remembered for his courage and dedication to the cause of the restoration of the national unity and reconciliation in his country, which has suffered for so long. Re had assumed his responsible duties at a crucial time for the fate of his country and in fUll knowledge of the dangers and challenges involved. We join in the condemnation of this senseless and brutal murder, committed by those who have been blinded by short-sightedness and who act against the interests of the Lebanese people and their desire to live in a unified and peaceful country, after long years of bloodshed Md destruction. This criminal act was clearly aimed against the implementation of the Taif Agreements, reached as a result of the tireless efforts by the Tripartite High Committee of the Arab League - efforts which enjoy the full support of the Non-Aligned Movement, the Security Council and the entire international communirf' (Mr. Abulhasan, Kuwait) We believe that in this tragic noment of grief Md murning the Lebanese People will lend its full support to the Taif Agreements, which are widely recognized as the c:aly basis that can guarantee the testora tion of the Lebanese State and the establishment of renewal institutions, thus supporting the process that started with the election of the late President Moawad. We trust that the Lebanese people will overcome the tragic experiences of the past, caused by the natiausl division, and unite in an effort to bring about netional reconciliation. On those lines, we join in the appeal by the Secretary-General tx> the Lebanese people not to resort to further violence Qut to unite in their determina ticn to restore the values for Wlicb Lebanon was mce known and respected. At the same time, we callupan the international community tx> continue its support of the efforts of the Arab League and the United Nations to ensure the restoration of the national integrity, sovereignty and unity of Lebanon, making their contribution to the establishment of peace and prosperity for that country and region. The non-aligned countries will spare no effort to contribute to the accomplishment of that goal, for Which President Moawad has given his life.

I now call upal the representative 01; France,· who will speak on behalf of the States members of the aJropean Community. Mr. BL~..£ (France) (interpretatia1 from French), The 'lWelve heard with great dismay the new~. of the despicable assault that cost the life of the President of Lebanon, Mr. Rene Moawad. At this tragic: tine, they express their condolences to the family of the late President and all the Lebanese peoplee The Twelve pay a tribute to this ~".."":, devoted to dialogue, who having been elected to the highest office and fully aware of the diffiCUlties facing him, (Mr. Pejic, Yugoslavia) placed his patriotism and his experience at the service of his country.. He undertook to act prudently and with clear-sightedness. The '!Welve categorically condem this cowardly attack, which has occurred at a time when the recent:. election of a President of the Republic offered Lebanon a chance for a fresh start. The ~Aelve reaffirm the need to keep going the peace process begun in Taif - an initiative under the auspices of the Tripartite Arab Committee - in order to set up renewed structures and restore full sovereignty to Lebanon throughout its territo~, free of any non-Lebanese presence. The Twelve appeal to all Lebanese to exert joint efforts in order to enable the process of natiooal reconciliation to succeed, affirmiD] the existenc~ of CI'l independent, united and sO'lereign Lebanon, whose terdtorial integrity is respected. The '1\telve express their readiness, more than ever, to stand side by side with Lebanon, once again sorely tried. The PRESmmqT, I now call upon the representative of Czechoslovakia, who will speak on behalf of the Group of Eastern European States. Mr. ZAPO~CK! (Czechoslovakia). I should like on behalf of the Eastern European countries to express deep condolences to the Lebanese people CIl the recen t tragic terrorist act. We trust that act will not end the hopes, linked with the election of the President of Lebanon, foe a solution of the internal conflicts which have led to the loss of so many human lives. I should like to emphasize on this occasioo the necessity of the practical implementation of the decision of the Tripartite Committee of the League of Arab States on Lebanon. Once again I should like to express OUt' condolences to the Lebanese people on this sad occasion. (Mr. Blanc, Prance) The PRESIDENT, I now call upon tho representative of the United States, who will speak on behalf of the host country. Mr. PICKERING (United States of America) I On behalf of the people and Government of the United States, I Should like to express our heartfelt condolences to the families of the assassinated Lebanese President, ~ne Moawad, and those who were so brutally murdered with him. '!'he United States condems in the strongest possible terlf19 this cowardly assault on the leader of, lInd the process of national reconciliation in, Lebanon. We believe that the courage Which this constitutionally elected President of Lebanon demonstrated throughout his life should strengthen the resolve of all Lebanese, as well as of the Arab League, in their efforts to continue the democratic process lInd to restore the unity, territorial integrity and independence of Lebanon.

I now call upon the Alternate Permanent Representative of Lebanon to the United Nations. !'r. CR)UmU (Lebanon) (interpretation from I\rabic) I 1 should like to extend my delegation's appreciation to you, Mr. President, to the Seeretary-General, and to the Chairmen of the regional groups, as weil as to the representative of the host country. we are grateful for the expression, on behalf of all Mellber States, of these feel tngs towards fffJ country on the oecas ion of this tragedy which has stricken Lebanon and its people as a result of the criminal act of which our President, Professor Rene Moawad, was the vietime I shall not fail. to convey these expressions of sympathy to my people and to the family of the deceased President. The tragic loss suffered by Lebanon and its people during its national holiday is another 11rit in the chain of trials and tribulations that have afflicted this small country and its martyred people for more than 15 years now. The election of President Moawad on the fifth of this month and the support he obtained from Lebanon, the Arab countries and internationally was an opportunity that le hardly likely to present itself aqain for the initiation of a rescue process for Lebanon and support of the efforts to ensure reconstruction, unity and sovereignty of the country. This man's death is a great setback for the Lebanese people's hopes and expectations of achie,dng their national aspirations. For many the question is whether Lebanon has lost the only possible chance of saving itself? It need hardly be said that there is deep sadness in Lebanon today at the loss of its new President, who, because of his patriotism, experience and moderation, represented the hopes and aspirations of the people of Lebanon.. This is why today there is a prevailing sense of despair and loss in Lebanon. The friends of Lebanon may experience now a sense of confusion and anxiety Over the future of the country. This affects all of US in the difficult, ominous times through which Lebanon is now passing. That is why today Lebanon needs the support of the United Nations and the international community. I hope that Lebanon will continue to have the sustained support of the brother Arab countries, the international community, the United Nations - of which Lebanon was one of the foundirq Members - and the Secretary-General, who has always been tireless in his efforts on behalf of Lebanon. We hope for the assistance we need, because we knew, in spite of all the sadness and tribulation, that the salvation of Lebanon is a responsibility accepted by the international community and those that work for international PQace and jU9ticp.. (Mr. thoneri, Lebanon) A<ENDA ITEM 28 (continued) roLICIBS OF APARTHEID OF THl3 OOVBR*ENT OF SOUTH AFRICA (a) DRAFT RESOLUTIONS (A/44/L.26 to A/44/L.30, A/44/L.3l and Corr.l, A/44/L.32, ; A/44/L.33, A/44/L.34/Rev.l, A/44/L.3S, A/44/L.36 and A/44/L.40) Cb) RERlRT OF THE FIFTH CDMMIT'l'EE (A/44/1S8) The PRESmmTa I remind representatives that the debate on this it.em was concluded at the 52nd plenary meeting, on Friday 10 November 1989. I araw the attention of representatives to the amenclnent to draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.1 contained in document A/44/L.46. I call on the representative of Nigeria, who will introduce four draft resOlutions f A/44/L.26, L.21, L.28 and L.30. Mr. ANK~ (Nigeria'r On behalf of the sponsors, which include my own delegation, I have the honour to introduce draft resolutions A/44/L.26, entitled "International solidarity with the liberation struggle in South Africa", A/44/L.27, entitled "International support for the eradication of aeartheid in South Africa threugh genuine negotiations·, A/44/L.28, entitled ·Comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the racist reqime of South Africa", and A/44/L.30, entitled "International financial pressure on the apartheid economy of South Africa". I would like at the outset to bring to the General Assembly's attention the efforts made by the sponsors of these draft resolutions to enau,e that they are very clear and succinct. The length of the dnft resolutions has been deliberatelY kept sh;>rt. Where a Member State has been mentioned by name, it is merely in the process of giving a true and factual account of the existlng reality. I introduce first draft resolution A/44/L.26 on international solidarity with the liberation struggle in South Africa. This draft resolution is similar to that which the General Assemly adoopted last year under the same heading. In expressing its concern about South Africa's internal situation, its acts of aggression and destabilization against independent African States, and the continuing practice of arbitrary detentions and trials, including those of women md children and executions of poll tical prisoners,. the ongoing use of vigilante groups and the stifling of the press, the General Assembly would reaffirm its full support for the majority of the South African people in their struggle to eradicate apartheid totally. It would reaffirm further that, under the leadership of the national liberation movements, the people of South Africa have the right to choose Whatever means they deem necessary in order to attain their objective of establishing a free, denocratic, unfragmented and non-racial South Africa. In operative paragraphs 3, 4 and S, the General Assenbly would list a catalogue of demmds the, implementation of which it regards as creating appropriate conditions for free consultations among the people of South Africa with a view to negotiating a just and lasting solutiQ\ to the conflict in that countJ:Y. (Mr. Anka, Nigeria) Moreover, the General Assembly, in operative paragraphs 5, 6 and 7, would appeal to all States, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals to extena all possible assistance to the struggling people of South Africa, to step up material, financial and other forms of support to the front-line ald other neighbouring independent States that are subject to South Africa's destabilization activities, and, in particular, to contribute generously to the Action for Resisting Invasion, Colonialism Md Apartheid (AFRICA) Fund. Finally, in operative paragraph 8 the General Assembly would decide to continue the authorization of adequate financial provis ion in the regUlar budget of the United Nations to enable the South African liberation movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity (OAU) to maintain offices in New York in order to partici~te actively in the deliberations of the Special Committee against Apart;seid lI'1d other appropriate bodies. With regard to draft resolution A/44/L.27, entitled "Internattonal support for the eradication of apartheid in South Africa through genuine negotiations", the General Assenbly would express its conviction that the system of ~eartheid cannot be reformed but must be eliminated. Furthermore, the General Assembly would take note of the declaration of the OAU M Hoc Conunittee on Southern Africa adopted at Barare on 21 August 1989. The draft resolution emphasizes the need for support for the efforts of the South African people to arrive at a peacefUl settlement of the conflict in their country through genuine negotiations. Similarly, in particular in operative paragraph 3, the General Assembly would recognize the urgent need for t.he lifting of the state of emer~"iency, the immediate and unconditional release of Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners and detainees, the withdrawal of the troops from black townships, the cessation of all political trials and executions, and, lastly, the lifting of the ban on all (Mr. Anka, Nigeria) individuals and political organizations opposing apartheid, and the repeal of restrictions on the press. On behalf of the sponsors, I wish to express our collective hope, and our desire, that this draft resolution will be adopted unanimously. But, more important, it is our hope that member States, in truly following up the provisions of the draft resolution, will contribute to giving effect to its operative paragraphs 4 and 5. My delegation is eaually pleased to introduce draft resolution A/44/L.2S, entitled "Comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the racist regime of South Africa". Under this draft resolution the General Assembly would reaffirm that apartheid is a crime against humanity and a threat to international peace and security, and that it is a primary responsibility of the United Nations to assist in efforts towards its elimination without further delay. The crux of the draft resolution is that it expresses the General Assembly's conviction that the imposition by the Security Council of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations remains the most appropriate and effective means of bringing about a peacefUl end to apartheid. In this connection, the Assembly would also call upon those States that are still opposed to the applicatio~ by the intelnational community of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions ageinst south Africa to reasseRS their policies and cease their opposition to the application of such sanctions by the Security Council. The ASAeMbly wou4d also urge the Security Council to consider immediate action under Chaptet VII of the Charter with a view to applying comprehQnsive and mandatory sanctions against the racist re9ime of South Africa for as long as it continues to (Mr. Anka, Nigeria) disregard the demll'lds of the major! ty of the people of South Africa md of the international co1'llnunity that it eradicate apartheid. Finally, the Assembly would call upon those States that have increased their trade with South Africa to sever those trade relations. In submitting draft resolution A/44/L.30, on international financial pressuJ:t! on the apartheid economy of SOuth Africa, the sponsors wish to reiterate that the financial support given to the apartheid regime by some member States constitutes an affront to the international oommunity and defiance of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly, therefore, calls on Member States that continue to maintain trade and financial links with South Africa to restrict the provis ions of the trade md to cease such collabora tion with South Africa. It would also call on Governments and other bodies to take adequate measures to give effect to the draft resolution. We urge Member States to vote unarnil'lOusly for adoption of the draft resolution. Considering the importance of the question of apartheid, which has been declared a crhe-against humanity, and the progressively deteriorating situation in South Africa, I wish, on behalf of the sponsors, to take this opportunity to appeal to all delegations to give this draft resolutiQ'l their lIBxiwm support. It is necessary at this juncture that the General Assembly indicate to South Africa in very clear terms that the international community will no longer tolerate the abhorrent system of apartheid. On behalf of the sponsors of these draft resolutions, I ask members of the Assembly to ShCM their support, individually md collectively, for the anti-apartheid struggle by voting for the draft resolutions. In doing so, we sh811 - be lending our support to resolution of the crisis in South Africa by peaceful means. (Mr. Anka, Nigeria)

I call on the represedtative of India, who will introduce draft resolution A/44/L.29, entitled "Imposition, co-ordination and strict monitoring of measures against racist South Africa". Mr. DAMODARAN (India): On behalf of the sponsors, Which include my country, I have the honour to introduce draft resolution A/44/L.29, entitled aImposition, co-ordination and strict monitoring of measures against racist South Africa". In this context, I should like to add that Barbados, Haiti, Jar.laica, Myanmar, P~kiRtan and Suriname have also become sponsors. This draft resolution recalls previous resolutions Oh sanctions against South Africa, but also takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on restrictive \ measures affecting externally dependent areas of the South African econolny and of the recommendations contained in the report of the Panel of Eminent Persona, which held pUblic hearings on the activitiea of transnational corporations in South Africa and Namibia at Geneva from 4 to 6 September 1989. It is pointed out in the fifth preambular paragraph that: "measures taken by States individually or collectively, while commendable, vary in coverage and degree of enforcement and monitoring". In this connection, the General Assembly would, under operative paragraph 1, urge all States that have not yet done so, pending the imposition of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions, to adopt legislation and/or comparable measures to impose effective sanctions, and would list the measures ~hat need to be implemented. It would also call upon Governments, intergovernmental organizations, the specialized agencies of the United Nations, non-governmental organizations and the public at large to take full account of the recommendations of the Panel of Eminent Persons that held hearings on transnational corporations, and request the Secretary-General to report to the Assembly at its forty-fifth session. I hope that the members of the Assembly will vote in favour of draft resolution A/44/L.29. The PRESIDENT, I now have pleasure in calling on the representative of Kuwait, who will introduce draft resolution A/44/31 and Corr.l, entitled "Relations between South Africa and Israel". Mr.·ABUL~AN (Kuwait) (interpretation from Arabic), I have pleasure in introducing, on behalf of the sponsors, draft resolution A/44/L.31 and Corr.l. There are 54 13ponsors in all, including two States which have recently joined the list, Morocco and Mongolia. The draft resolution deals with relations between South Africa and Israel, which, no matter how hard Israel tries to hide them, keep a low profile on them, or understate. them, and no matter what jlStifications it tries to find for them, continue and, indeed, escalate. Through those relations Israel continues to feed that inhuman regime, which must be fully eradicated. The co~peration between South Africa and Israel is not limited to trade or economic co-operation. Deserving of condemnation and denunciation as that co-operation is, it has now spread to encompass both military and nuclear co-operation. The aim of this expanded co-operation, which is undeniably important, is ultimately the use of the consequent military and nuclear capability against the peoPle of South Africa, the neighbouring African peoples, the people of Palestine and the neighbouring Arab peoples, and against their just struggle for freedom and emancipation. (Mr. Damodaran, India) For those reasons, undet' opel:ative paragraph 1 of the draft resolution the General Assenbly wouli' condenn the collaboration between the two regimes. ~lder operative paragraph 2 it would reiterate its demand forthwitb from all forma of collaboration with South Africa, ~_ ~culazly in the military and nuclear fields. I hope that the d~~ft resolution will enjoy the support of the Gene~al bseftlbly. !!!!..-PRESIOENTa I call new on the representative of Nepal, who will introduce draft resolution A/44/L. 32. Mr. RANA (Nepal) i On behalf of the sponsors, which include my own delegation, I have the honour to introduce draft resolution A/44/L.32, entitled ·Programme of work of the Special Committee against Apartheid~. In this context I "'ish to inform the Assembly that Haiti, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Peru have joined the sponsors of the dr.aft resolution. Under the draft resolut!un, the General Assembly would commend the Special eo..lttee agal~st l!tartheid for its work in the discharge of its mandate, in particular in promoting international action against apartheid. In taking note of the annual report of the Speoial Committee, it would endorse the recolllllendations in peragraph 274 of the report, relating to the Special Committee's programme of work for 1990. The nnenoial request in operative paragraph 8 is the minimum amount that "o~d allw the Special Committee to fUlfil its responsibilities cmd carry out the 1990 programme effectively. Therefore, this year the Special Committee, consistent with its t1elf-iIlPt~sed austerity measures, requests an amount of $430,000 for the budget.. I should like to etate clearly that this amount for 1990 should in no way be understood ~ indiQ&ting a reductiQ'\ in the activities of the special Committee. (Mr. Abulhasan, Kuwait) ,t Israel desist we pl~ to carry out our programmes with effectiveness, especially at this juncture when serious developments are taking place in South Africa. The resources will be used to the m:cinum to increase pressure and \:0 tOObilize action against apartheid. Under the draft resolution the General Assenbly would also request Governments and organizations to provide financial and other assistance for the special projects of the Special Committee and to make generous contributions to the Trust Fund for Publicity against Apartheid. Finally, it would appeal to all Governments, intergovernmental organiz~tiona, information media, non-<Jovernmental organizations and individuals to co-operate with the Centre against ~artheid and the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat in their activities relating to apartheid and, in particular, in disseminating information a'I the situation in South Africa, in order to mitigate the effects of the restraints on the press in South Africa and effectively counteract South African propaganda. The' PRESWm'l': I call on the representative of the United Republic of Tanzania, Who will introduce draft resolution A/44/L.33, entitled ROil emb~rgo (Mr. ~na, Neel) ~r. NYAKYI (United Republic of Tanzania): Mr. President, as the representative of Nigeria, Which is an active and committed member of the Intergovernmental Group to Monitor the Supply and Shipping of Oil and Petroleum Products to South Africa, and as Chairman or the Special Committee against Apartheid, you will understand the satisfaction that I feel at seeing you presiding over the debate at this time. The emergence of the consensus represented in the . draft resolution I have the honour to introduce to the Assembly was in no small measure due to your personal contribution in both capacities as well as in your capacity as President of the General Assembly. For a long time the General Assembly has recognized the importance of an effective oil embargo in the international effort to eradicate the abhorrent system of apartheid. Directly or indirectly, virtually every human activity is dependent on 011. There is, therefore, a sense in which oil can be characterized as the oxygen of the apartheid machine. If we were able completely to deny the regime the oil supplies it reauires, the whole system would grind to a halt. Its security forces would be virtually grounded and, with them, much of its ability to oppress and repress its people and to commit acts of aggression and destabilization against front-line and other neighbouring States. This reality is, of course, also known to the regime and to the Governments and oil and shipping companies which share a common desire with the regime to frustrate the embargo - which explains to a great extent the immense difficulties the Intergovernmental Group faces in carrying out its mandate to investigate and expose violations of the oil embargo. Monitoring the supply and shipping of oil and petroleum products to South Africa is one of the most difficult tasks in the enforcement of sanctions against apartheid. The absence of mandatory action by the Security Council constitutes the most serious obstacle. But, additionally, certain Governments, as well as the oil and shipping industries, are not co-operative in taking effective and concrete measures to enfo~ce the embargo. In spite of these difficulties, the Intergovernmental Group has been able to make some progtess in its work. Draft resolution A/44/L.33 is the result of a consensus reached by the Intergovernmental Group to Monitor the Supply and Shipping of Oil and Petroleum Products to South Africa after thorough consideration of all aspects of our mandate and our work. This draft resolution, which is essentially the same as reSolution 43/50 J, adopted hy this body last year, contains three new elements, which I should like to explain briefly. There are three new operative paragraphs, namely, paragraphs 2, 3 and 6. In operative paragraph 5, sUbparagraphs (9) and Ch) have been rephrased. Operative paragraph 2 addresses itself to the work of the Intergovernmental Group in a new area of possible violation of the embargo. This new area of inQuiry is the monitoring of port calls which may bave resulted in p0~aible clandestine deliveries of oil to South Africa. The number of such calls over three years, from 1986 through 1988, was no less than 474, and the number of Governments from which . information has had to be reauested for tha~ough clarification of those 474 cases vas no less than 57. The information necessary for evaluating these cases is often availahle in the records of harbour authoritieo, maritime ministries or the like and must he obtainad and analysed before the results can be communicated back to the Intergovernmental Group. Thio, of necessity, requires time. Therefore the Intergovernmental Group felt it neceasary to postpone reporting on this matter for another six months in order to give Governments adequate time to compile and analyse the required information. The area is new and technically complex. Before making its final jUdgem~nt, the Intergovernmental Group felt it would also benefit from further consultations. (Mr. Nyakyi1 United Republic of Tanzania) In operative paragraph 3 note is taken of the report of tbe Panel on tbe Hearings on the Oil Embargo against South Africa, which met in New York on 12 and 13 April 1989. This was a special event in this year's work in discharging the mandate contained in resolution 43/50 J. In operative paragraph 5, subparagraphs (9) and (h), the words ·petroleum products· have been added to make it clear that what is ~ Od about oil, that is, petroleum in its crude form, also applies to refined petroleum products. These words were not contained in the eQUivalent subparagraphs of last year's resolution. However, this year's hearings on the oil embargo have led to a greater appreciation of the importance of shipments of petroleum products to the apartheid regime. In addition, the words "petroleum products· were included alongside the word "oil" in subparagraph (b) of the same paragraph last year, and the discrepancy in the wording of these subparagraphs could have led to a misunderstanding that the words "petroleum products· applied only to trade in oil and not to its transportation. This not being the case, it was decided to standardize the terminology in all relevant subparagraphs. Finally, operative paragraph 6 makes provision for enhancing pUblic awareness of the oil embargo against south Africa. Specifically, it provides for the Intergovernmental Group, when necessary, to consider participating in meetings of other relevant international forums. The Intergovernmental Group has not 80 far initiated missi(~s of its own, and it has no plans to do so. Last year the Group was invited to attend meetings away from Headouarters. When necessary, the Group would like to take advantage of such invitations in the future. Operative paragraph 6 makes provision for this. I commend the draft resolution to the General Aseembly for adoption and hope it will be adopted by consensua, a. was the case in the Intergovernmental Group. (!r. Nyakyi, United Republic of Tanzania) I a. pleased to announce that since the dra2t resolution wss circulated three MOre countries have added their naaes to the list of 8ponsore: Haiti, the t.l~.ic Republio of Iran and Venesuela.

1 call on the representative of Zambia, who wishes to introduce araft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l, entitled WMilitary collaboration with Mr. ZUZE (Zambia)& It ia a great honour and privilege for me, as a r.pre8entative of one of tbe front-line States, to introduce the draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l, entitled WMilitary collaboration with South Africaw• I wi8h to emphasize that the independent African countries of southern Africa vie" with deep concern the collaboration of States and organlzationa with South Africa in the mili~ary, nuclear, intelligence and technological fields, which haR. over the years strengthened the military machine of the racist Pretoria regime. (Mr. MYakyi, United Republic of Tanzania) I '1'0 a large extent, this collaboration hae contributed to the rt!!pression of the black _jority in South Africa by the rGcist regiae and to ita coaltting acts of aggression and deatabilization against the front-line and other independent African States in the region. The draft resolution I have the privilege to introduce reiterates ,the need for th& full lmple1llmtation of an aru ellbargo against SOuth Africa, and expresses ••rious concern at the increasing nulber of violations of the ~datory aras embargo against South Africa. Opqtrative p&ragraph 1 of the draft resolution strongly deplores the actions of tholle States which directly or indirectly continue to violate the ara ellbargo against South Africa. I wish to eaphasize that the text before the Aasellbly repr••ents the barest lIini_ we CS'l deeand of those who continue to violat& the _lidatory ara eMbargo. In the vi~ 1 of the lIpon50fS it does not fully reflect. the outrage and the indignation of the international cOIIl-mity at large against the violators of the aru ellbarC)O against South Africa. On behalf of its sponsor.s, I request the Assembly take action an the draft resolution as a mole. In this regard I appeal m all Helber States to extend their support to the draft resolution, 80 that the Aasellbly c.. send a unanillOu8 and unequivocal .s8&CJe to the violaton of the ar_ emargo against South Africa. I wish to infora the Aa•••bly that the delegation of Vanuatu h. jwst joined the sponllOrs of the draft resolution. The J:lRBSIDBHT. I now <nU on the representative of Pakistan, who will introduce draft resoluticn A/44/L.~5, entitled -United Nations Trust FlI'ld for South (Mr. ZUze, fallbia) Mr. AltUm (Pakistan). I have the honour to introouce draft resolution A/44!L.3S m the United Nations Tr\Bt F"'d for South Africa. 'l'h~ draft resolution la sponsored by 31 Mellber States. ~n ac1cUtion to the StGtes whoae nalles bave already been circulated, Antigua and 8.1rbuc!a, Haiti, Tunisia and Vanuatu, have joined tho oponsora of the draft. resolution. Aa the Aaseably is avare, the Trust F\Ill! was establbhed in 1965 to provick hUManitarian, legal and relief assistance to persons persecuted for their oppceiUcn to apartheid and to their &pendmts. Over the years, the Fund has enjoyed the strong support of Malber States, which have contributed a total of '35 aUlIon to this bUilu!!ftltarian -effort .,d thereby de1llOnstrated in concrete terms thoir concern and solidarity"ith the plight of the vleti_ of apartheid, as well • their support for international efforts for the peaceful eliaination of apartheid. As we Meet here today, repression of opponents of apartheid in Soutb Mrica continue., despite repeated calls by the international c~aunity for the release of all political prisoners, the lifting of the state of eMreJency and the repeal of the apartheid legislatlClft. Recent cSe"elopllants indicate thst the international and do••Uc pr•••ure brought to bear Oft the lip!rtheid r~i_ did result in the release of so.. political prisioners 8n4 the disai.sa1 ~f le9&1 proceedings in some cases of political atssent, .s well as in tbo &t facto authcrbation of a few anti-,partheid political gatherlnge. It .et be pointed out~ hcvcwoc, that pr.m.ure hae to be sustained so as to bring about a apeedy en4 t~ apartbei4. Over the years, the re.ources froll the Trust Pund bave helped finmce the legal defence of large nUllbor. of political prisoners _0 otherwi.. would ha"e becn dtpdved of acee. to adequate legal as.iatanceo In any ca.ea this year detainees have beon released, sentences reduced md dependmts allowed access, with legal assistance provided by the Pund. PUrthermore, lawyers have been able in some instances successfully to challenge repressive apartheid legis18 tion, thereby making a tangible contribution to the cause of human rights and the establishment of a democratic and non-racial society in South Africa. The Secretary-GeneralIs report (A/44/556) provides an account of the activities of the Trust Fmdsince the last session of the General Assembly. The Committee of Trustees of the Trust Fund has been making every effort to meet, to the extent possible, the ever increasing needs for assistance from the TrlBt FlIld. Voluntary organizations involved in assistance to the victims of apartheid have reported increases in the number ald extent of requests for assistance. The draft resolution before the Assembly calls for increased contributions to both the Trust Fmd ald to the voluntary organizations involved in providing assistance to the victims of apartbeid. It has long been recognized that the legal and humanitarian assistance from the TrU9t Fmd represents a tangible contribution to the elimination of apartheid through peacefUl means. It is therefore of the utRaSt importance that the Committee be &ble to provide assistance commensurate with the ever increasing demand on its limited resources. Therefore, I should like on behalf of the Committee of TrtBtees to take this opportunity to appeal to Member States, and particularly to those that have not yet contributed to the Trust PUnd, to consider the special circumstance and translate their solidarity with the plight of the victims of apartheid, so eloquently expressed from this rostrum in the last f., &Y8, into a generous contribution to this international humanitarian effort. (Mr. Ahmed, Pakistan) 01'1 behalf of the sponsors of draft resolution A/U/L.3S, I express the hope that this year, as in the past, the General Assenbly will adopt the draft resolution without a vote. The' PRESIDENT, I now call on the representative of Denmark, who wishes to introduce draft resolution A/44/L. 36, ~ntitled ·Conce~ted international action for the elimination of aputheidlt • Hr •. MORTENSEN (Denmark) J I have the honour to introduce draft reso1 ution A/44/L.36 entitled ·Coneerted international action for the elimination of apart:heid-• For the last six years a similar text has been submitted as the result of a joint effort by a number of countries, with the aim of rallying as broad as possible support of the international community on ways and means finally to persuade South Africa of the necessity to abolish apartheid. The draft resolution emphasizes the responsibility of the United Nations and the international community to co-ordinate and render more effective its pressure on South Africa as Cl way of achieving the immediate abolition of apartheid by peaceful means. It urges the Security Council to consider vithout delay the adoption of effective mandatory s~Jc~ions against South Africa. Similarly, the draft resolution recognizes the urgent need for assistance both to the oppressed people of South Africa cnd to the neighbouring States. This is reflected in appeals to increase humanitarian, legal and educational assistance to the victims of aeart~, as well as assistance to the front-line States and to the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC). While continuing to favour effective mandatory sanctions by the Security Council, the dr&ft resolution, pending such action, contains an appeal to increase the pressure on the apartheid regime by implementing a large number of voluntary measures listed in operative paragraph 7 of the draft resolution. The present text is sponsored by a wide group of countries, Angola, Australia, Austria, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Ghana, Greece, Iceland, India, Ir~land, Madagascar, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Sweden, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zl1mbia &."ld Zimbabwe. In addi tion, the following St.ates have today joined us &8 sponsorSJ Antigua and Barbuda, the Congo, Haiti, Jamaica, P2J!~istan and Peru. It is in the light of the manifeat need for joint international action that we now urge all Member States to support the just aspirations of the So~th African people by casting a positive vote on this draft resolution.

I now call on the representative of Ghana, who wishes to introduce draft resolution A/44/L.40, entitled "Support for the work of the Commission against Apartheid in Sports". !!. GBEHO (Ghana): I have the honour and the pleasure to introduce to the General Assembly araft resolution A/44/L.40, entitled "Support for the work of the C~i8sion against Apartheid in Sports", and the first report of the Commission against Apartheid in Sports, contained in document A/44/47, dated 27 OCtober 1989. Both documents represent a landmark in a seQuence of events stretching as far back 8S 1977. As members recall, the General Assembly at its thirty-second session ~doPted and proclaimed the International Declaration against Apartheid in Sports. An Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Convention against Apartheid in Sports was set up and worked continuously on the Declaration, and in 1985 it submitted the final text of the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports to the General Assembly for adoption. Since then it has become an important instrument in the struggle againet apartheid, ratified or acceded to by 43 States to date. It ia the Commiasion's hope that those States which have as of now only signed but not ratlfiad the Convention will soon do so and that those States which have not yet acceded to it will also proceed to do so. It will further be recalled that the Convention also made provision for the establishment of & Commission mandated to assist in achieving the objectives of the instrument. The Commission held its first session this year in New York, during which it deliberated on various issues connected with apartheid in sports. I have the honour therefore to present the Commission's report to the General Assembly. (Mr. Mortensen, Denmark) It is important to stress that in the performance of its mandate the Commission vill continue to work closely with the Special Committee against A2artheid and with the International Olympic Committee and other sporting organizations. This co-operation is vital to the successful pe~formance of our mandate. The Commission hopes to expand its co-operation with national and international sporting organizations in the future. On behalf of the Commission and on behalf of the sponsors of draft resolution A/44/L.40, I wish to remind those States which have not yet submitted national reports on the implementation of the Convention to do so. Guidelines for reporting on implementation are contained in annex 5 of the report of the Commission, which the Commission hopes will help States SUbmit reports. An extremely important instrument for the practical implementation of the international community's endeavours to eliminate apartheid in sports and to help isolate the apartheid regime is the Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa, which is issued annually by the Special Committee Against Apartheid. I wish also to recall that the Assembly has urged sports organizations and athletes to adhere to the boycott of apartheid sports. May I therefore take this opportunity again to call on all those sportsmen and women whose names are currently included in the Re9ister to terminate their sports contact with South Africa and to give assur~nce that they will abide by the boycott of apartheid sports by refraining from engaging in any sporting activities in or contacts with South Africa while the system of apartheid still prevails in that country. In its report the Commission calls upon all Governments, sports organi~ations and individual sports persons to observe the policy of sports isolation of !eartheid South Africa and to consult the Re9ister, which the Special Committee (Mr. Gbeho, Ghana) against Apartheid will continue to issue. The Register has proved most effective. An incr~asinglylarge nUmber of sportsmen and women have, at their individual req~es~, beendel~ted from the Register. This bold stand against apartheid is an appreciated step. ··It means that more and mOKe Clthletes, sportsmen and women are ....: . ~ ., accepting the principles the States parties have i~co~porated in the Convention. Indeed, it also means that, despite enormous pressures being exerted on them, increasing numbers of sportsmen and women who pledge to boycott sporting contacts with South Africa until apartheid is eradicated are making a pUblic moral choice against racism, racial discrimination and aparthei~ in sports. Finally, it testifies to the increasing political sensitivity of the world sporting community towards the overwhelming majority of South Africans who are deried their human and political rights because of their colour. The Commission's repot" consists of five sections which highlight the work of the Commission. Emphasis has been placed on the importance of holding consultations with international and national sporting organizations and on their vital role in the isolation of apartheid in sports. As I have mentioned earlier, the report stresses the importance of the continued issuance of the Register by the Special Committee. ta\ile expressing appreciation of the action taken by the International Olympic eo.itt.. and other eports organizations, as well as by individual sportsmen and aportawo_n, to ensure the total isolation of South Africa, we ca.ll for IDOre action to t:ha~ end, particularly by those federations which continue to _it South Africa to their .liberlhip or alla'! sports contacts with South Africa. Our task represents an afiirlllation of the Olympic principles, which stipula.te that there Mould be no discrimination in the field ot sports on account of colour, race or ethnic origin. Furthermore. oUpartheid represents an affront to humanity, therefore there can be no I10ral s~rts contacts with an abnormal society. We hope that the work of the Commisaion will expedite the eradication of ap!rtheid froe sporta and the society in South Africa. 'l'he oo-sponsors of draft resolution A/44/L.40 therefore request members of the General Aueably to give that draft resolution enthusiastic support. 'rhe PltISIDEN'l', I call on the representative of Chile, who wishes to Introduce an a-.nd_nt (A/U/L.46) to draft resa1.ution A/44/L.34/Rev.l. Mr. DA!.! (Chile) (interpretation from Spanish), My country is requesting an .~.lit to draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l entitled -Military collaboration with South Africa-, bscauae it contains a reference which is not in accordance with faet. ChUe is not an outlet for the sale of South Africa's military hardWare. The report of the Special eo.tittee aqciftst !Partheid refers to South Africa's partlclpetlan In ., intarnatlcnal air show held in Si.ii1ltiago in March 1988. That The ChU.n Mission c:'eceived ~~_unications concerning that event from the cc.petent bodie. of the United Nations activ~ In this area when the air show was unde!' .y.. It responded i_edlat'!ly last year to the concerns expressed and stated (Mr. Gbehoi Ghana) ~ Governnent wishes to reaffirm to th~ Committee that it pays the greatest attention to and fully respects the various Security Council resolutions and intends to cCll1\ply with them in its international relations. It wishes to reaffirm that it wUl instruct the competent agencies to pay special attenUQ'l to the points that have been made when future events of this kind are organized." As a result of this demonstration of its position, there is no question of South Africa participating in the forthcoming international air show, which will take place in SantiaCjo next March. We do not wish the paragraph to be eliminated from the draft resolution because we do not wish to imply that we oppose the concepts referred to therein.. we simply request that Chile's name be eliminated and that operative paragraph 2 be drafted as followsl "Further deplores the actions of certain countries which have become important outlets for the sale of South Africa's military hardware and strongly urges them to refrain forthwith from such acts." Our position of 0pp06itiM to apartheid has been clearly established in statements 1IIl!lde by successive Ministers for External Relations of my country in the Assembly md also by Chile's stance Q'l this issue at the present session. For these reasons, we believe that the new lmguage that we are proposing for operative paragraph 2 better reflects the concern of the international community and will be a greater contribution to the cause of opposition to apartbeid. I ask the Assembly Sld eElpecially the Group of African States, and the countries sponsoring the draft resolution to demonstrate the nee~8sary objectivity by adopting my coootry's amendment. (Mro Daza, Chile) The PRESIDJ:NT. I have to inform the AsselTbly that the lists of additional sponsors of the draft resolutions before us will be issued as addenda to the respective draft resolutions. Before the Assembly begins its consideration of the 12 draft resolutions before it, which have jmt been introduced, I wish to draw the attention of members to the fact that the revised version of the draft resolution en military collaboration with South Africa - draft resolution A/44IL.34/Rev.l - and the proposed amendment thereto (A/44/L.46) have been circulated only today. It has been requested that, if possible, the revised ~Laft resolution and the amendment thereto be considerC'·,.l at this meeting together with the other draft resolutions. Wit.h regard to the proposals before the Assembly rule 78 of the rules of procedure reads, in part, as follows. WAs a general rule, no proposal shall be discussed or put to the vote at any meeting of the General Assembly unless copies of it have been circulated to all delegations not later than the day preceding the meeting. The President may, however, permit the discussion and consideration of amendlll!lnts, or of motions as to procedure, even though sucb _encaents and motions have not been circulated or have only been circulated the same day.- In view of the limite~ time available and the desire of members to dispose of this item expeditious.~y, I suggest that, with the Assembly's concurrence, it proceed to take a decision today on draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l and the aliendment thereto (A/44/L.46). If I hear no objections, I shall take it that the Assembly agrees to this proposal. It·was· so' decided • The'l'RESIDm'fl We shall now turn to consideration of the draft' resolutions before the Assembly. I call first on representatives Who wish to explain their votes before the voting on any or a.ll of the draft resolutions. 1 remind members that, in accordance with General Assembly decision 34/401, explanations of vote are limited to 10 minutes and should be made by delegations from tl)eir seats. Hr. BRlCHAt!1l (France) (interpretation from French) I The twelve menber States of tJ;~ European Community, on Whose behalf I have the honour of speaking, have strongly reaffirmed during the debate their total rejection of the apartheid system. Our objective remains the abolition, pure md simple, of that: odious system. In this, the United Nations has a crucial role to play. Ely and large, the draft resolutions submitted to us differ little from those adopted by the Assenbly at it... forty-third session. The adoption this year of a new draft resolution by consensus dltllDn5trates, however, that a constructive approach to the elimination of apartheid is possible. The Tv.lve would like to see in future a larger number of draft resolutions being adopted by consensus. Indeed we believe that a unanimous vote in the General Assembly would help to strengthen the urgent appeal the international comnunity ie making to South Africa vith a view to the total and final elimination of the system of aparthe!!. Further.,re, the Twelve regret that some of the texts currently before the 'Asseab1y contain ele.nts which give rise to reservations in principle on their part. They therefore believe that the distribution of pOwers bet"een the General 'Ass&bly anCl the Security Council as provided for in the Charter should be strictly complied with. In particular, only the Security Council is authorized to adopt deciaions that are binding upon Member States. Similarly, the Twelve would like to reiterate their dedication to the principle of universality of the United Nations. We cannot support appeals for the total isolation of South Africa. which would not serve our common objective - the abolitien of apartheid. The 'l\Ielve are especially of the view that the means of communication should remain open so that the outside world might effectively exert pressure en the South African Government with a view to the dawning of a free. democratic society without racial discrimination. ~uring the debate the TWelve expressed grave concern over the continued violence and repression in South Africa, while noting wi.th interest the developments which are under way. We remain convinced that peaceful change is still. possible and that the United Nations should encourage it, as recommended by the Charter. Even though we do \Ilderstand the helplessness of the major!ty of the people of South Africa, we cannot agree that draft resolutions aClopteCl by the General Ass••bly mould approve the use of force or arllled struggle. (Mr. Brochand, France) The Twelve reaffirm that they are firmly opposed to having, in an arhitrary, Aelective and unjustified manner, certain Member States or groups of countries mentioned by name, The Twelve deplore that pr:actice especially ainca this year one State member of the European ColNtlunity has been implicated by name. That is why we shall vote against draft resolution A/44/L.34, on military co-operation with South Africa, if that implication is maintained. The Twelve continue, however, to support firmly the arms embargo against South Africa, as decided by the Security Council. The Twelve also remain faithful to the Olympic ideal and reject any form of aparth!!d, and in sports as well. In their respective countries the organization of sports meetings comes within the sphere of private initiative. The national sports organizations are well aware of the opposition of their Governments to sports competitions which violate the Olympic ideal. The Twelve will continue to discourage firmly any sports contacts which involve racial discrimination. For all those reasons the Twelve will not be able to vote in favour of all the draft resolutions submitted today. They nevertheless remain firmly committed to act, both collectively and individually, to convince the South African Government of the need to abolish a2artheid ~nd to that end to begin basic reforms, as demanded by the international community. !lr. MORTENSEN (Denmark): I have the honour to speak on behalf of the five Nordic countries - Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The Nordic countries have during the general debate expressed their strong condemnation of South Africa's abhorrent policies of aeartheid. Apartheid constitutes a serious threat to international peace and security. Consequently the Security Council should adopt, as soon as possible, effect~ve sanctions against (Mr. Brochand, France) SOuth Africa aa a ..ana of achieving the peaceful abolition of apartheid. CollPrehensive and IIlandatory sanctiona are the moat effective instruilent to that' end. Pending auch aanction. the Nordic countries have, as prevlouBly described" adopt.~ ~ wide range of unilateral Measurea against aparth.~, including a trade The Nordic countries agree with the main thrust of the draft resolutions' before the Aaa.ably. We particularly welcome the introduction thia year of a new draft resolutlQn on international aupport for the eradication of aparthei~ in South Africa through genuine negotiations, which seema likely to be adopted without a vote. This augur. well for the apecial aession on aparthei~ ne~t month. So.. of the other draft resolutions do, however l continue to raiee difficulties with regard to QUestions of principle important to the Nordic countries. I shall briefly describe them. First, the Nordic countries consider universality a basic principle of the United Nations ~nd we cannot, tberefore, accept formulati~n9 that might put that principle in dOUbt. Secondly, peaceful solutions to conflicts is a fundamental principle enshrined in the Charter of the United Nationa, ~her.fore, we c~nnot accept that the United Nations should directly or indirectly endorse the use of armed struggle. Thirdly, the Nordic countries deplore the continued practice of selecti~ely 81ngl1ng out individual countries and groupa of countries. Thi. practice - Most evident in the deaft resolution on relations botween Israel and SOuth Africa - make. it all the more difficult to achl@ve international concerted action in the stru~le against apartheid. For similar reasons the Nordic countries will not be able to support draft rea6lution A/44/L.34, even though we strongly support the scrupulous and full implementation of the Security Councl1'e ar.. (Mr. Mortensen, Denaark) , ' 8"r90. against South Africa. Fourthly, certain forllulatlona would encro/l\ch upon cofiatitutional fr.edaea and rights of Nordic citizens and private organizations. Tbi. applies 1n particula~ to certain parts of the International Convention for the Prevention of Apartheid in Sport$. In view of the strict and active policy of the Nordic'countlrea against sport contacts with South Africa, they regret that they cannot fully endone the Convention.. Fifthly, because of the strict adherence of the Nordic countries to the. ~rovision8 of the Charter we must reserve our positions with r~ard to formulations which fail to take into account the fact that only the Security Council can adept decisionB binding on M~mber States. The Nordic countries will als~ this year vote in favour of the draft resolution on the imposition, co-ordination and strict monitoring of measures against racist South Africa in spite. of the fact that the text poses a number of difficulties for us. It is well known that the Nordic countries havQ imposed one of the most comprehensive packages of sanctions against South Africa. We do, however, haye reservations on some of the selective sanctions listed in operative paragraph 1, in ~articular subparagraphs (d), (f), (g) and (h) of draft resolution A/U/L.29. The situation!n southern Africa remains critical. The responsibility for this situation rests with the South African Government and its'policy of apartheid, hut the world community has moral aa well as legal obligations according to the Charter of the United Nations and should ther~fore maintain' its pressure on South Africa by adopting effective sanctions against the apartheid regime. Also, the international community should urgently increase its economic and humanitarian assistance to the Southern African Development Co-operation Conference and to indiVidual countries and persons that are victims of South AfticaOs aggressive (Mr. Mortensen, Denmark) policy. W. muet all voice our atroftg••t condeanatlon of apartheid but a180 strive to agree on concerted internBtlo~al action of effective concrete steps to achieve rapidly the abolition of apartheid. Mr. ICAGAM! (Japan) I Japan firmly and steadfastly opposes racial diacriminatidn in all its guises and extends maximum co-operation to United Nations efforts for the el~ination of aPartheid. It ia in this spirit that we will support four draft~eaolution., A/44/L.2', L.32, L.35, and L.36o Indeed, Japan co-sponsored draft r.solution A/44/L.35, on the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa, the efforts of which.we value highly. (Mr. Mortensen, Denmark) As for draft re80lution A/44/L.36, on concerted international action for the elimination of apa~eid, my delegation will support it as a positive effort to achieve unity in the international community, although we have some difficulty with aome of the wording. At the same time, my delegation believes that comprehensive and mandatory sanctions and international financial pressure must be considered with the utmost care. As for the remaining draft resolutions, although my delegation fully supports those elements contained in them that are common to the ones in draft resolutions A/44/L.27 and A/44/L.36, they also contain certain formulations to which we cannot subscribe, such as those commending armed struggle. Furthermore, as a matter of principle, J~pan is opposed to the practice of name-calling in resolutions of the United Nations. My delegation will vote on those draft resolutions accordingly. Mr. RICHARDSON (United Kingdom): My delegation is in full agreement with the statement made a few moments ago by the representative of France on behalf of the 12 States members of the European Community, but I should like to add a brief explanation, on a national basis, of the votes which my delegation will cast. I should emphasize, as we have done on many previous occasions, that my delegation shares the abhorrence of aeartheid expressed by ~ll those who have spoken i" this debate. We utterly condemn aeartheid and we wish to see its total eradication. Only then can all the inhabitants of South Africa live in dignity and play a full part in the political life of their country. The United Nations can play a role in bringing this about. We therefore share the objective of the sponsors of the draft resolutions before us today. But we believe that the United Nations can play a more positive and constructive role 1n helping a new South Africa to emerge. Ov~r the last few months there have been important and positive changes in SOuth Africa. The new South African Government 19 formally committed to the concept of negotiations. I (Mr. Kagami, Japan) Peaceful political activity by the hlack majority has been accepted. Eight of the political prisoners whose release has long been a goal of this Organization have been Bet frf'!e. In these new circumstances the British Government believes that the United Nations should concentrate now on encouraging change rather than on punitive actions against a Government which is alr~ady committed to it. The Ruala Lumpur statement on southern Africa issued after the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting last month recognized that important changes were under way in South Africa and that a relaxation ~f existing sanctions should be considered When there was evidence of clear and irreversible change. We do not believe that the time is right to be considering further measures and shall accordingly vote against several of the draft resolutions before us. But we shall join the consensus on draft resolution A/44/L.27, on international support for the eradication of apartbeid in South Africa through genuine negotiations, as it is consistent with our own approach, and on the understanding that it is intended to help bring about peaceful change. We do not regard our acceptance of operative p~ragraph 3 (e) of that draft resolution as implying any change in our policy relating to the application of the ordinary criminal law in South Africa. We Qhall, as we did last year on a similar text, abstain on draft resolution A/44/L.32, on the programme of work of the Special Committee a~ainst Apartheid, even though we do not agree with many of the elements of the Committee's report. The appropriation of a sum of money for unspecified activities is incompatible with the principles of programme budgeting. Finally, we look forward to participating constructively in the preparatory negotiations leading to the special session against aparth,id later tbis month. We hope that the special session will send an uneauivocal meSSAge to the South African (Mr. Richatdson, United Kingdom) authorities that the international community ia determined to help bring about the end of apartheid through peaceful means as soon as possible. As my Prime Minister said in an interview with the black South African newspaper The Sowetan last month, domination of the majority by a minority is practically and morally unacceptable. Mr. CA COSTA PEREIR~ (Portugal): The Permanent Representative of France has already expressed the common views of the 12 States members of the European Community on the draft resolufions before us. It goes without saying that Portugal fully subscribes to that statement. Portugal has often expressed, not only in the United Nations hut also in other forums, the conviction that the system of !partheid constitutes a violation of basic human rights and human dignity and must be dismantled in order to create a full democracy on a n~n-racial basis. As the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Portugal stated during the general debate, the international community demands a change in the situation of polarization that exists between the black majority and the white minority and conBide~s the recent release of eight political prisoners to be an important step towards the establishment of dialogue in South Africa. Portugal is in favour of the tenor of most of the principles in the draft resolutions before us, but we still have reservations regarding certain aspects. We do not agree that United Nations draft resolutions should endorse violence, as appears to be done in operative paragraph 2 of draft resolution A/44/Lo26, referring to the justification·for armed struggle. On the contrarYi they should encourage peaceful change and national reconciliation. Furthermore, we do not believe that the irnpoRition of punitive and other measures aimed at the total isolation of South Africa, including provisions to sever all air, sea and other transport links with South Africa - provisions contained in draft resolution A/~4/L.29 - will help to. dismantle apartheid. (Mr. Richardson, United Kingdom) We cannot-support the calls for the imposition of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions contained in some of the preambular and operative paragraphs of draft resolution A/44/L.28, for we consider that they would militate against the interests of the majority of the South African people. With respect to draft resolution A/44/L.30, my Government cannot endorse some of its provisions - namely, those contained in operative paragraph 1 - which we believe lie strictly within the competence of the international private banking sector. We shall therefore be forced to abstain in the vote on this draft resolution. It is our deep conviction that only world-wide consensus can be the basis for effective international pressure to create a free and democratic society in which all South Africans enjoy eQual human, political and civil rights. Mr. NOTERDAEME (Belgium) (interpretation from French): It goes without saying that Belgium fully agrees with the statement just made by the Permanent Representative of France on behalf of the States members of the European Community. I should like, however, to make more specific the reasons for the votes my delegation is about to cast. Belgium regrets that draft resolution A/44/L.26 this year once again - as corresponding draft resolutions have done in the past - contains a justification for armed struggle. That is not appropriate in this body. It will therefore abstain on that draft resolution. My delegation has always opposed a selective and discriminatory reference to certain countries or groups or countries. This year one of our partners in the European Community is twice implicated in this way. That is one of the reasons why my country will vote against draft resolutions A/44/L.28 and A/44/L.34 - if this reference 1s maintained. The same principle will ohlige us also to vote against draft resolution A/44/L.31. (Mr. Da Costa Pereira, Portugal) My delegation attaches great importance to the di~tribution of powers provided for by the Charter. That is why we cannot approve of a call, direct or indirect, for comprehensive and mandatory sanctiona. That is a matter entirely within the purview of the Security Council. This is another reason why we shall vote against draft resolution A/44/L.28 and shall abstain in the vote on draft resolution A/44/L.33. In this connection, Belgium nevertheless recalls that it continues to carry out the positive but restricted measures adopted hy the States members of the European Community and will apply the embargo on the supply of crude oil to South Africa. Bel~ium does not believe that the complete isolation of South Africa, which, moreover, is contrary to the United Nations principle of universolity, is likely to foster the elimination of apartheid by peaceful means. That is why we cannot support draft resolutions A/44/L.29, A/44/L.30 and A/44/L.32. As regards draft resolution A/44/L.40, I can only refer to the explanation that has been given on behalf of the Twelve. Belgium will vote in favour of draft resolutions A/44/L.35 and A/44/L.36 despite its reservations in respect of the ninth preambular paragraph and operative paragraph 4 of. the latter. Finally, Belgium will be pleased to join in the consensus that will no doubt emerge on draft resolution A/44/L.27. We hope that the text of this draft resolution will serve as an example for other draft ~esolutions submitted to the Assembly in fu.tu~e. Thus, further consensus could become possible. Those are the reasons for the votes Belgium will cast in a few minutes. My country believes that we should wert - still and always - towards a peacefUl, rapid transition to the elimination of apartheid once and for all. . J Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library (Mr. Notredaeme, Belgium) Mr. KXRSCH (Canada): There can be no doubt abqut Canada's unrelenting opposition to apartheid - what Prime Minister Mulconey has called a massive and institutionalized violation of human riqhts. Canada has fought against !lt~rtheid because we know that it is wrong. We also believe that it is an issue where our joining forces with others through the United Nations and the Commonwealth has made a significant difference. These shared efforts have brought us to the point where, with continued steady pressure, we could soon hope to see apartheid in retreat. This vision is now within our reach, hut it is not yet within our grasp. On behalf of the Canadian delegation, I shall explain how Canada will vote on the 12 draft resolutions before us. Some of these draft resolutions are improved, versions of earl~er ones as was the case last year also, while others show evidence of new and constructive thinking. I hope that this welcome trend will continue as we approach the spacial session, for it enables Canada and others to respond more rositively and hrings our overall messaqe closer to the strength of unanimity. In draft resolution A/44/L.26, on solidarity with the liberation struggle, there is much that Canada can support. Further releasea of political prisoners, the lifting of restrictions on organizations and. individuals, and the ending of the state of emergency are goals that we have long pressed for and that would help to create a climate for genuine negotiations. Our assistance to the people of south Africa is already SUbstantial and is growing, and it takes many forms. Our assistance to the front-line States and to the countries of the South African Developm~nt Co-ordination Conferen~e that suffer from destahili~ation is larger still. However, even as we look to the launching of a real dialogue on fundamental change, we should stress that violence from any Quarter makes reali~ation of this hope more distant, not closer. We cannot condone the use of violence, whether to maintain apartheid or to op~se it, and thus Canada cannot support language that seeks to justify armed struggle. At the same time, we have noted and welcomad the newly expressed preference for peaceful means. Canada will therefore abstain on this draft resolution. Canada this year will move to an abstention on the draft resolution - A/44/L.28 - that deals with comprehensive and mandatory sanctions. We agree that sanctions work and that Pretoria is beginning to feel the1r effect. We have ourselves implemented many important sanctions, and we agree that pressure should be maintained at this time. We agree also that mandatory sanctions - notably the vital arms embargo - have a role to play, and we could support efforts to make mandatory some of the other widely applied sanctions. We recognize that South Africa's actions in the past have constituted a threat to regional peace and security. None the less, as my Prime Minister has said, the objective of all this preDBure is to bring South Africa not to its knees but to its senses. We should not impose a greate~ toll than is necessary to achieve this objective. The comprehensive approach is a last resort - an admission that all else has failed. Draft resolption A/44/L.29, on the co-ordination and monitoring of measures, is closer to Canada's approach, and shall support it. Thus we shall be supporting such a draft resolution for the second time. The list of measures includes many that Canada and the Commonwealth have implemented. While there are also a number that we have not implemented, the thrust of this draft resolution, clearly, is effective pressure for peacefu:re~ii,mge. Canada will support draft resolution A/44/L.30. Like the Commonwealth's Ruala Lumpur statelftent, it stresses the importance of financial sanctioa.s against South Africa and the need for wide international participation. However, Ca~ada has difficulties with some of the language. The preamble goes too far in condemn4~~ the banks involved in the renegotiation. While we would have preferred that the renegotiation not ~ completed at this time, the timing at least shows that south Afri~a considers finan~ial sanctions a serious threat. Operative paragraph 1 ignores the fact that tougher terms, as reQUested by the Commonwealth Commit.tee of Foreign Ministers, were obtained by the banks and that South Africa has paid a high price for this agreement. The renegotiation maintains financial pressure on south Africa, which faces significant capital outflow in the next few years. That said, Canada fUlly suppor~s the important steps outlined in operative paragraphs 2 and 3 and urges all States that have not already done so to implement them. Draft resolution A/44/L.31 on relations between South Africa and Israel really has no place under this agenda item, and Canada will oppose it for well-known reasons. On the work programme of the Committee against Apartheid, Canada, as in the case of similar draft resolutions in the past, will support draft resolution A/44/L.32 because we support much of what the Committee does. I take this opportunity to pay ttibute to yo~p Mr. President. for your leadership in this regard. At the same time, I must clarify Canada's understanding of operative paragraph 2. What the General Assembly is endorsing, in its own words. are those recommendations relating to the Committee's work programme, and only those recommendations. Canada is, with some regret, unable to support draft resolution A/44/L.33, on an oil embargo. Our own voluntary emhargo on oil supply is effective, and we recognize this as a potential area for further international co-operation. None the less, a mandatory embargo on both supply and shipping raises the problem of extraterritoriality of laws and other issues of. long-standing concern and particular sensiti~ity for Canada, and perhaps for others. (Mr. Kirsch, Canada) In the vote on draft resolution A/44/L.34, on military collaboration, Canada will abstain. It is unfortunate that la~guage that would have enabled ue to support this draft resolution did not come forward and thet, by £n9a9ing in gratuitous and largely unsubstantiated name-calling rather than looking for ways to make the embargo more effective, the present text detracts from universal support for the arms embargo. (Mr. Kirsch, Canada) Draft resolution A/44/L.36, on concerted action, is traditionally supported by Canada and we ehall do so 8gain. Canada has implemented all the measures in paragraph 7 and also provides subp'.antial assistance to the front-line States, as urged in paragraph 8. Finally, on draft resolution A/44/L.40, dealing with apartheid in sports, Canada is obliged to abstain. We have ~ifficulty about ratifying the United Nations International Convention on this SUbject, 9iven our legal, constitutional and human rightf :ramework. Moreover, we do not agree with the principle of secondary boycotts and thus cannot support the United Nations Register of Sports Contacts. That said, Canada has this year further tightened its policy of sports contacta with South Africa - a policy that is already among the toughest in the world. Our objective remains the effective elimination of all sports contacts between Canada and South Africa pending th~ end of apartheid. We must all do our part to encourage peacefUl change i\" South Africa. The statements we have heard in the debate and the draft resolutions before us are, taken together, a clear message to the Government of South Africa that it must take more concrete action. South Africa itself knows what it has to do. Let us hope, as we move on to the epecial session and shortly i~to a new decade, that Pretoria can find the courage and wisdom to turn over a new leaf. Let us also be ready, while maintaining effective pressure, to recognize progress when it comes and to assist in overcoming difficulties when this would he appropriate. Mr. MUDENGE (Zimbabwe): My delegation will vote in favour of all the draft resolutions under agenda item 28, entitled "Policies of Apartheid of the Government of South Africa A • My delegation recognizes that, in an effort to increase support for these draft resolutions, many of them this year are 8ho~ter and milder in tone than the corresponding draft resolutions were in previous years. :~ delegation therefore hopes that today .embers of this body will vindicate and encourage the wisdom of this approach through the1~ increased support. The draft r~solutlon8 before U8 strike the correct balance. They are brief, without losing content, factual without being tendentious, balanced and moderate but not banal and irrelevant. They cell for a negotiated aettlementto eliMinate apartheid, reaffirm the importance of maintaining pressure by intensifying sanctions and other measures to persuade the South African rEgime to begin negotiations witn the genuine leaders of the majority population in that country, ~tress the need to give assistance to the victims of aRartheid wherever they may he, and urge some of Pretoria's key collaborators to eschew self-interest and join the internatinnal community's concerted efforts to persuade South Africa to abandon ita apartheid policies. Some countries which have s~own little restraint in exploiting the miseries of apartheid are being asked to control their appetite for profit. None of these countries has been condemned. Nor have offensive namP.s or language been U3ed to refer to them~ name-calling has been etrictly avoided. What we have here, however, ia this: some of them h~ve been mentioned by name in order to identify them. In English, that is not "name-calling": it is the mentioning of a name for the sake of identification. Of couree, by appealing to these countries by name we hOpe to bring moral pressure on them to help us in eradicating apartheid by peaceful means. It is tru~ that there are other countries too which in varying degrees are guilty of similar faults. Our hope is that by menti,oning the names of the play~cs in the -A Team", we are also sending messaqes to those in the minor league. The sponsors have not deliberately singled out POme countries selectively, these countries have selected themselves by their outatanding achievement in collaboration with apa~theld South Africa. The texts merely recognize this reality. (Mr. Mudenge, ZiMbabwe) It 1. our .a~nest wish that this year'. lead~r. viII do their hest to avoid e"ce111ng in the aparthe!!! league table once again next year. It hall happened one- My delegation'. affirMative vote_ on all the apartheid draft re.olutions Mfore the Aaaeely are directed againot no country repre.eV'ted in this body. They reflect .y country's strenuous efforts to gain the release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners, to assiat all the victims of apartheid, and to ensure the eliMination of apa~the1d. They ara an affirmation in favour of peace, progress, justice and develo~ent in ~outhern Africa. With the support of all _libel'S of the A8aelllbly, these nob).• goals can be achieved.

The AGaembly will now take decisions on the various draft resolutions before it. The report of tR1e Fifth Comittee on ti'l@ pr09rallM-b\Jdget implioations of theae draft resolutions has been issued as document A/44/758. I call on the representative of Zambia on a point of order. Mr. ZUZE (Zambia): I wish humbly to remind the Assembly that my delegation ha. made a formal proposal regarding draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l. In this regard, my delegation will reject any reQuest for division under rule 89 of the General A~sembly's rules of procedur&. Similarly, my deleqat!on wishes to propose formally, in accordance with rule 74 of the General Assembly's rules of procedure, that the Assembly take no action on the amendment 8uhmitted hy Chile, which has been circulated in document A/44/L.46. (Mr. Mudenge, ZiMbabWe) 'l'he PRESIO':!!_ 1 cl,t:n say to the representative of Zaft'bia that the Assembly wUl deal wi.th that lfflP.f\ the draft resolution in question comes up for discussion. The ~neral Assembly will now begin the voting process and take a decision first on draft resolution A/44/L.26, entitled "International solidarity with the liberation struqqle in SOuth Africa". A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vote was taken. In favourl Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Ben in, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African ReplJblic, Chad, China, Colonbia, Camoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivolre, Cuba, cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Eq~torial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hai ti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Oellt.'cratic RepUblic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, sao 'l'ome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, SeYChelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomn Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, SWaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, TOgo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, Unite~ Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, zaire, ZBnf:)ia, Zimbabwe Against, Israel, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America Abstaininq: Austral ia, AlIStr la, Belg iurn, Canada, Denmark, Flnl2l'\d, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, ~ain, Sweden Draft resolution A/44/L.26 was adopted by 129 votes to 4, with 21 abstention.! (resolution 44/27 A).· ~ Subsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favour. The PRBS!DQlTI We now turn to draft resolution A/44/L.27, entitled -International support for the eradication of apar~heid in South Africa through genuine negotiations·. May I take it that the AsseJlt)ly decide~ to adopt dtaft resolution A/44/L.271 Draft resolution A/44/L.27 wu adopted (resolution 44/27 B). The PRESIDENT, Next, we turn to draft resolution A/44/L.28, entitled wCaaprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the racist regirre of South Africaw• A separate vote has been requested on the words wand, particularly, the Federal Republic of Germany, which recently emerged as the leading trading partner of South Africa,· in operative paragraph 2 of the draft resolution. If there Is no objection to th'at request, I shall put those words to the vote first. A separate, recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vo~~ was taken. In favour, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Barbados, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Egypt, Ethiopia, German DeJ1'Dcratic Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic RepUblic of), Iraq, Kenya, Kuwait, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, POlatd, Qate.r, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist P.epublics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yugoslavia, zambia, Zimbabwe Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chad, Chile, Denmark, Fiji, Finlald, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Grenada, Paiti, Hungary, 1eeland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, wxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, ~rtugal, saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Spain, SIIeden, Turkey, United Kinqaom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay Abstaining I Argentin~, Bahamas, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei Datussala, Cameroan, Central African Republic, ColOlllb ia, COte d' Ivoire, QipruB, Do.inica~ no"inican Republic, Ecuador, Equatol1al Guinea, Gas ia, Guateula, Guinea-Bissau, lla\duras, Jall!l!lies, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Myanllar, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Rwa'lda, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Suriname, SWaziland, Thailand, ~go, Trinidad and ~bago, Vene~uela, Yemen, zaire The words "and, 0 p!rtiCt!!!!:.\Y., the li'ederal ReE!!,!:»Uc of Germany, which recently e&e~ as the leading trading partner of South Africa," were retained by 53 votes to"lO; with 41 abstentions•• 'iile PRFSmEN!a I now put to the vote draft resolution A/44/L.28 as a whole. A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded 'i'ote was taken. In- favourI Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Ebrundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, CaPEl Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, ColoRbia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, COte d'Ivoite, Cuba, Cyprus, Czecboalovak ia, DellDcratic Kampuc::hl!a, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eth iopia, Fi ji, GaRbia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hai ti, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic RepUblic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People'a Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Mymmaf, Nepal, Nicaragua, Ni~e~ia, Oman, Pakistano Panama, Perup Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syrian Arab RepUblic, Thailmd, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda. Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of SOviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay: Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, zaire, Zanb ia, Zimbabwe Against. Bel9ium, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Israel, Italy, Japan, t..ixembourq, Netherlmds, Portugal, United Kingdal! of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America * Subsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favour. Abstainimu Antigua and Bal'ooda, Australia, Austria, Belize, Bots"an~, Canada, nenZlark, Pinlald, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel8'l(h Lesotho, Malawi, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Papua Ne" Guinea, Saint £Ucla, Spain, Swaziland, SWeden !!.aft'resolution A/44/L. 28,· as a Mlole, was adopted bY 118 votes to 11, with 22 abstentions (resolution 44/27 C).* 'rho' PRESIDENT, The Assemly will next take a decision en draft. resalution A/44/L.29, entitled 11 Imposi tion, co-ordination and strict mnitoring of measures against racist South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded'vote was taken. In favour, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Paso" Burundi, Byeloruss ian Soviet Soc iaUst Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colonb la, Comros, Conqo, Costa Rica, COte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Piji, Finland, Gabon, Gallbia, German Demcratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India~ Indonesia, Iran (Islamic RepubUc of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Liber la, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malays ia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongo11a, Morocco, Mozanbique, Mysunar, Nepal, New Zeall!lld, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Polmd, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts ald Nevis, Saint Lueia, saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, sao ~me and Principe~ Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, SiGrra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, &1dan, SUriname, SwazilSld, Sweden, Syr ian Arab Republic, 'l'hai121ld, '!bgo, Trinidad and TObago, TUnisia, Turkey, Uganaa, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, united Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Ram, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe *Subsequently the delegations of Bangladesh and Papua New Guinea advised the Secretariat that they had intended to vote in favour • !gainst, Portugal, United Kln~dom of Great Britaln and Northern Ireland, United States of America Abst8iningI Austria, Belgium, Botswana, Ftance, Ger_ny, Federal ~pubUc of, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, ~sotho, IAJxftbOuf9. Malawi, Netherlands, spain Draft resolution 1\/44/L.29 was adOPted by 135 votes to 3, with 15 abatentJ2!!!- (resolution 44/27 D).~ 'rhe PRESIDENT, We now turn to draft resolution A/44/L.30, entitlecl -International financial pressure en the apartheid economy of South Africaw• A recorded vote has been requesteb. A' recorded vote was taken. In iavo!!!, Afghanistan, Alblllnia, Algeria, Angola, Antiqua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamu, Bahrai.n, Barbltdoe, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Br~il, Brunei Darussela., Bulqaris, Burk ina FI:90, BUI \11dl , Byeloruss lan Soviet SociaUst Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colotlbia, Comeos, Congo, Costa Rica, cate d· Iwire, Cuba, OJprus, Czechoslovakia, t'll1OCratic Kalllplch.., DellDcratic Yemen, 'Denmark, DjibOuti, Dominica, DoIIinican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gam la, Gerlllan DerlDcratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenod~, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Baiti, Honduras, Hungary, Icelmd, India, Indonasia, Iran (lsleaic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People·s De1lDcratic Republic, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya. A~ab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, M2l1dives, Mali, Malta" Mauritania, Maul'! tillS, Mexico, Mongo1il'-., Morocc:o; Moza1lbique, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, lbmcrmia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Loci., Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, sao 1b~ and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, ~ingapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, SWeden, Syr1en Arab Republic" Thailand, 'roqo" Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisiat ~rkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of .'1'anzania, Ucu9U811, Vanuatu. Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zi:iire·, 1allttia, Zillbabve !9ainst, Germany, Federal Republic of, Netherlands, United Kin'ldart of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Unite6 Statea of Aaerlea had inte_n_ded~_t_u_v_o_te__i_n_f_a_v_o_u_r. ••••••••••••.J Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library * Subsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it I Abst.ainingc Belgiunt, Bot.swana, France, Israel, It.aly, Japan, Lesot:ho, Mlxenbourg, Malawi, Port.ugal, SwazUand Draft resolut.ion A/44/L.30 was ado (resolution 44 27 E).* The PRESIDENT. The Assercb1y will next. t.ake a decision a\ dfaft resolution A/44/t.31 and Carr.l, ent.itled "Relations between South Africa and Israel tI. A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vote was taken. In favour. Afghanistan~ Albania, Algeria, Angol~, Argentina, Bahrain, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, BUlgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundl, ayelorusslan Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Oomoros r Congo, COte d'Ivoire, Cuba, cyprus, Czechoslovak ia, DellDcratic Kampuchea, DeflDcratic Yemen, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equ&torial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozanbique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panamd, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, ~land, Qat.ar, Romania, Rwanda, sao Tone md Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Surinane, Swazilmd, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, TOgo, Trinidad and Tbbago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet. Socialist. Republic, union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Ham, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zanbia, Zimbabwe ~ainst, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, lceland, Ireland, Israel, It.aly, LuxeDi>ourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great. Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America * Subsequently the delegat!~n of Bangl~desh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favour. 140 votes t.o 4, with 11 abstent.ions Abstainlngl Ant19Ua a.'\d Barbuda, Baha_s, aalize, Cameroon, Chile, Costa Rica, rlOminlca, DcIIlnlcan Republic, Fiji, Grenada, Japan, Malavi, Malta, Saint ltitts and Nevis, saint Mlcia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sa.aft, Uruguay ~' reaolution'A/44!L. 31' and Corr.l'was' adopted by 114 votes to 22, with 18 abstent~ (resolution 44/27 11').* * Subsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favour. !he PRESIDENT: We now turn to draft resolution A/44/L.32, entitled ·Programme of work of the Special Committee against A,partheld"'. A recorded vote has been requested. A'recorded vote was'taken. In favoura Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Austral ia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Beliz~, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, B~.garia, 8urkina Faso, 8urundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist ,Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central Aidcan lepublie, Chad, Chile, a"ina, Colonbia, Comros, Co1\90, Costa Rica, COte d'Ivoire, Cuba, O]prus, Czechoslovakia, Demoeratic Kampuchea, DeJ1t)cratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finlllnd, Gabon, Gal1Oia, German Denncratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Sissau, Guyana, ~iti, Honduras. Hungary, Iceland, India, In~onesia, Iran (Islamic RepUblic of), Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, laC;) People's Denncratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesot.'1o, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mczanbique, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Oatar, Romania, ~anda, saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao ~me and Principe, e&udi Arabia, Senegalf Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solo1OOn Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, SWaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, 'lbgo, Trinidad !I'd Tobago, TlJDisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, united Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zanbia, Zimbabwe ~inst: None Abstaining. Belgium, France, Germany, Federal RepUblic of, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America Draft resolution A/44ft. 32 was adopted by 145 votes to none, with 10 abstentions (resolution 44/27 Gl.* * Subsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favour. The PRESIDtltTl The Assenbly will next take a decision en draft resolution A/44/L.33, entitled "Oil embargo a9ainst South African. A recorded ~ote has been requested. A recorded vote was t~. In favourl Af9hanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Anti9ua and Barbuda, Afgentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Paso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colontda, Comoros, Con90, Costa Rica, cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, l)e.JrOcratic Yemen, Dp.nmark, Djibou ti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finl.end, Gabon, Ganbia, German DellDcratic Republic, Q\ana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea~ Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mada9ascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauri tius, Mexico, Mongol ia, Morocco, Mozanbique,Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Nic::ara9ua, Niger, Niged.a, Norway, Oman, Pak istan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, sen~al, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sin9apore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, TQ9o, Trinidad atd Toba90, Tunisia, Turkey, Ugatda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, zaire, zambia, Zi11lbabwe Against, United Kingdan of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America Abstainingl Bel9ium, Botswana, Canada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Israel, Japan, Lesotho, wxel'lbour9, Malawi, NetherlandS, Portu9al, Swaziland Draft resolution A/44/L.33 was adopted by 139 votes to 2, with 14 abstentions (resolution 44/27 H) •• * SUbsequently the del~ation of Ban9ladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favour.

The Assenbly will next take a decision Q\ draft resOlution A/44/L.34/Rev.l, entitled -Military collaboration with South Africa·. Members will recall that the representative of zambia moved, within the terms of rule 74 of the rules of procedure, that no action be taken on the amendment contained in document A/U/L.46. Rule 74 reads as follows: lIDuring the discuss ion of zmy matter, a representative l'IBy nove the adjournment of the debate on the item under discussion. In addition to the proposer of the mtim, two representatives l'IBy speak in favour of, end two against, the motion, after \llhich the IftOtion shall be illmediately put to the vote.· I shall now call on those representatives who wish to speak under rule 74 of the rules of procedure. Mr. KARUKtIURO..KAMUNANWIRE (Uganda). My delegation has asked to speak in order to support fully end whole"heartedly the formal proposal made a short while ago by the Permanent Representative of Zambia on draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l requesting that the General Assembly take a decision on the draft resolution as a whole. Mr. DAZA (Chile) (interpretation from Spanish). The representative of Zalllbia has requested that no action be taken on the amendment I have proposed. The entire meaning of the debate on this issue is related to the idea of justiee and human. beings being deprived of their rights. At this moment I am wondering .. aside from human rights and the rights of iMtitutions and countries - what right could be stronger then the right of a country to have its proposal considered. I am not questioning general concepts. I agree with the concept underlying the draft reaolutian. I am simply proposing a vote with regard to my country's situation - and this goes to the heart of the kind of coexistence we must have in the Assembly. To deny, by a procedural manoeuvre, a country the right to raise such a vital issue as its own position in the Assembly would be incor~atihle with the atmosphere whlch should prevail in this body, where thft value of justice should predominate in the debates on this is~ue. For that reason, of course, I oppose the proposal made by the r.presentative of Zambia. Mr. GBEHO (Ghana), In terms of rule 74 of the rules of procedure, which the President waR kind enough to read out to the Assembly a short while ago, my delegation would like to support the motion of the delegation of Zambia, which was supported by the delegation of Uganda. In doing so, I wish to stress that it is not the intention of my delegation to rob any country or any delegation of its ~19ht8 here in the Assembly. We support the motion purely on the basis of the approved rules of procedure. It could be argued that to seek to amend a paragraph of a draft resolution is ' to indulge in procedural gerrymandering, but we do not believe that to be the casei nor is it RO 1f provisions ef the rules of procedure are invoked legitimately to take a certain cour~e of action. It is purely for those reasons that my delegation begs to support the motion of the Zamhian delegation, supported by the Ugandan delegation. (Mr. D~za, Chile) The' PRfSIDEN'1', I shall now put to the vote the motion submitted by the representative of Zambia that no action be taken on the amendment contained in document A/44/L.46. A recorded vote has been requested. A' recorded'vote was' taken. In favour. Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, BUlgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Congo, COte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, CzechoslO'lakia, Democratic Yemen, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jaraaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Leaotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Polmd, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, SWaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunis ia, Ug81da, Ukrain ian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet SOcialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Viet Ham, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Against, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belg ium, Canada, Chad, Chile, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Grenada, Guatemal&, Honduras, ICeland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zeall!l1d, Norway, Portugal, saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lu~ia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay Abstaining , Anti9ua aid Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Braz il, Cameroon, Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Hungary, MaldiYes, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Suriname, !bgo, Venezuela The notion was adopted by 72 votes to 39, with 20 abstentions. W The PRFSIDENT, An objection has been made to the request for division in connection with draft resolution A/44/L.34!Rev.l. In accordance with rule 89 of the General Assen'bly's rules of procedurea * SUbsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favour. Mr. BMCHAND (France) (interpretation from French) I' I have the honour to speak again on behalf of the twelve States members of the European Comtl'Llnity. The Twelve would recall that it is not the practice to object to a separate vote when a Member State requests such a vote. Hence, the Twelve support the request made by the Federal Republic of Germany that part of operative paragraph 1 of draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l be voted upon separately. Mr. !lAJtI)aI (Austria), As a matter of principle, Austria supports the right of every Member State to have a separate vote taken. The PRESIDENT, I call on the representative of Zimbabwe on a point of order. Mr. MUDENGE (Zimbabwe)1' The representative of Zambia moved that this draft resolution be taken as a whole, witho\lt amendwent. Specifically he was aware only of the ct~lean amenChentJ but certainly his 1\W)tion was that the draft resolution should be voted on as a whole. I thought that, as a result of the vote we just took, we had disposed of any attempts to have separate votes on parts of the draft resolution. I seek clarification, but my impression of the way the motion was presented is as I have just stated it.

The Assembly yoted on the motion presented by Zarmia, in accordance with rule 74, that no action should be taken on the Chilean amendment. We are now Yoting en the motion presented in accordance with lule 89. That is the clarification. Mr. KARUKUBIRO-KN4UNANWIRE (Uganda) I' I want to reiterate what I said before md to express agreement with what the representative of Zimbabwe said when he asked for clarification of the problem - namely, that we have voted on the motion submitted by the representative of Zanb la.

I call on the representative of Zimbabwe on a poi~t of order. M,1. MUDENCE (Zinbabwe), With due respect, Mr. President, the representative of ZZl1nbla, to the best of my lI'Idersto!nding, first invoked rule 89, Which you, Mr. President f are now referring to, and then, specifically with reference to the Chilean amendment, he invoked rule 14. So both r~es were invoked. When the representative of zambia made the proposal that this draft resolution should be voted on as is, as a whole, he referred specifically to rule 89, and then to rule 14. The PRESIDENT, We took care of the motion under rule 14, and now we are going to vote on the motion lI'Ider rule 89. I call on the representative of Zimbabwe on a point of order. Mr. MUDENGE (Zimbabwe), The principal notion by the representative of Zambia was made under rule 89. That is the rule he used. In other words, he invoked rule 89 to deal with the Chilel'~ amendment - or any other proposal with this same aim. Now we are being asked to vote again under rule 89 - something that we have already done. The PRSS IDatT, The Assen'bly has been requested to vote on the words, -and two corporations based in the Federal Republic of Germany, for supplying blueprints for the manufacture of submarines and other related and on the words, lIand upon the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany to honour its obligations under resolution 421 (1977) by prosecutiB) the said corporations,,-. Those words are contained in ~rative parae;,raph 1 of draft resolution A/44/x.. 34/Rev.l. I call on the representative of Z8n'bia. Mr. ZUZE (Zambia). When I moved the motion - and there was only one motion - I was invoking rules 89 md 74. thder rule 89, I ",as objectiB) to a request for division under that rule, which was, as I understand it, made by the delegation of the Federal Republic of Germany. Rule 74 is specific on the same motion, and I was invoking that rule in respect of the request by the delegation of Chile to amend the particular paragraph that refers to his country. 1 moved one motion and invoked two rules. The PRESIDENT. I call on the representative of the Federal Republic of Germany. Mr. BRAUTIGAM (Federal Republic of Germany), There silems to be some confusiolle I should like to point out that ne:> vote has been taken yet on our request for a separate vote, and for that reason I repeat the request that there be a separate vote on operative paragraph 1 of draft resOlutio~ A/44/L.34/Rev.l, in which the Federal Republic of Germany is named. The PRESIDENT, If objectioo is made to the request for division, the motion fo~ division shall be voted upon. Permission to speak m the motion for division shall be given only to two speakers in favour and two speakers against. Tb answer the representative of Zambia, he did make a request which was disposed of according to procedure ~. invoking rule 74. Now a vote will have to be taken on the objection bf the representative of the Federal Republic of Germany in accordance with rule 89. I call on t.he repres~ntative of Malta, on a point of order. Mi:. BORG OLIVlEa (Mal~a), For some time now, I have been trying to raise this point of order so that I may perhaps assist you, Mr. President, in clarifying the procedural situation. The situation under the rules of procedure is clear, Sir. Any member of the Assembly may request a separate vote. Such a request has been made. Now, any member may similarly object to the division, in which case the request will have to be put to the vote. The statement made by the representative of zamia can only be interpreted as an objeet~on to division. That is the situation. We have disposed of the other motion under rule 74 and we now have to dispose of the request, and the objection thereto, under rule 89. The PRESIDfNT. In accordance with rule 89, I put to the vote the motion for division. A recorded vote has been requested. I call on the representative of Zimbabwe on a point of order. Mr. MUDENGE (Zimbabwe): I have voted twice, on both sides. I am not sure what is required. Could we start the voting process again and be clear on what we are voting? The PRESIDFBT, The representative of the Federal Republic of Germany has asked for a division. If your vote is ·yes,· it will be in favour. Mr. MUDENGE (Zimbabwe), I take it that if I vote ·no", I will be opposing the motion of the Federal Republic of Germany. I intend to vote against. The PRESIDENT, I eall on the representative of Ghana. (The President) Mr. GBEID (Ghana), What is at issue here is the exact nature of the question that should be put to the Assembly in the present circumstances. That is what il3 not clear to many delegations. I am in complete agreement with the representative of Malta in his explanation. Now that the representative of the Pedaral Sepublic of Germany has explained his motion, it is assumed that the motion of Zambia is against division, 1n which case it is the mtion of Zal'lbia that should be put to the voteo In other words p those who vote for the motion of zambia will be against division and those who vote against the notion of Zal'lbia will be voting for the proposal of the Pederal Republic of Germany to have a division. That should be the exact nature of the question and not the motion put by the Federal Republic of Germany. The PRES mENTa Rule 89 says: "If objection is made to the request: for division, the motion for di'vision shall be voted UpM. le I have ank'lounced the beginning of the voting, and no representative Sho!lll interrupt the voting except on a point of ot'der in cOMection with b'le conduct of ~he voting. The representative of Malt~ has made very clear \\bat the ASRenbly is voting upon - the motion of the Federal Republic of Germany. A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vote was taken. In favours Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Central African Republic, Qlad, Chile, Comoros, Costa Rica, COte d'Ivoire, Denmark, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gamb la, Germany, Pedera1 Republic of, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, ICeland~ Indonesia, Irel~;.~, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lao People's DellDcratic Republic, Liberit.~ Luxenbourg, Malawi, Maldives, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Portugal, Rwil1da, saint Kitts lI'ld Nevis, Saint Lucia, saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden, 'lbgo, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Zaire Againota Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Barbados, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, (]tina, Congo, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Djibcuti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kuwait, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Polmd, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Swaztland, Syrian Arab Republic, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, United Arab Emirates, United RepUblic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen, zambia, Zimbabwe Abstaining, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Qfprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, German Democratic Republic, In~la, Jamaica, Mexico, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sinq-'~ore, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and !bbago, U~~n of Soviet Socialist Republics, Venezuela, Yugoslavia The motion' for division "was carried by 58"votes'bo 45, with 26 abstentions.· * Subsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to abstain. The PRFSIDEN'!', I noli put to the vote the following phrases in operative paragraph 1 of draft te~01ution ~/44/34IRev.1, on whieh a separate, recorded vate has been requested, -and two corporations based in the Federal Republic of Germany, for supplying blueprints for the manufacture of submarines md other related military ,1Utedel- , "and upon the Gcvernme.lt of the Federal Republic of Germany to honour its obligations tmder resolution 421 (1977) by prosecuting the said corporations-. A recorded vote was taken. In favour, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain.. Barbados, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina 11'880, Burllldi, Byelorussbn Soviet Socialist Republic, China, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Demcratie: Yemen, Egypt, Ethwpia, German Deapcratic Republic, <ilana, Guinea, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, KUllfait, Le80tho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Mexico, Moza1llbique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Qlan, PDnam2l, Poland, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Solomn Islands, Somalia, Sudan, sw.nand, Syrian Arab Republic, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen, falllbia, Zimbabwe Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, l~Btrla, Be191ua, Canada, Chad, Chile, Costa Rica, Denmark, El Salvadorf pi! ji, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, G~enada, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxel'lbourg, Malawl i r.~ldives, Malta, Mauritius, Netherlandc., New ZealS\d, Norway" Portugal, saint Kit.ts Md Navis, saint Illata, Saint Vincent a~d t.he Grenadines, S8l'D01l, Sierra Leonft, Spain, Sweden, '1\:)go, 'rul'key, United Kingdom of Gr3at Britain and Nop:thern Ireland, United States of Amedca, Uruguay !9ainst, Abstainlpg : Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, CBmeroon, Central African Republic, Colomia, COte d'lvoire, QiptUS, Djibooti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equator lal Guineaf Galllb ia, Guatemala, Quinea-Bissau, India, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Mymmar, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and TObago, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire By 53 votes to 45, with 38 abstentions the following phrases were retained' -and two corporations based in the Federal Republic of Germany, for SUPPlying blueprints for the manufacture of submarines and other related military materiel-, md -md upon the Government of the Federal Republic of GermMy to honour its oblIgations under resol ution 421 (1977) by prosecuting the said corporations-.* The' PRES~"lEN'l': 1 now put to the vote draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l as a whole. A recorded vote has been requested. A ~ecorded'vote was'taken. In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bahrain, Barbados, ~hutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darusaalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byalorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Chad, China, Colonbia, Comcros, Congo, Cuba, cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Guatell'.ala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kuwait, Lao People's Denncratic RePublic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Medt."O, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myatmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Sao Tone and Principe, Saudi Ar.abia, Senegal, Saychellea,Si,e!"ra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lank&, Sudan, Surinattl!, Swaziland, SVrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Trinidad and ~bago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ugatda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, ~emen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ~ainst: Belgium, Chile, Denmark. France, Germany, Feder~l Republic of, Greece, Honduras, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlalds, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdan of Great Britain 2Ild Northern Ireland, United States of America Abstainingt Antigua Md Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Beliz~, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Costa Rica, COte d'Ivoire, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Grenada, Icelatd, !enya, Malawi, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent atd the Grenadlnl:!s, Samoa, Sweden, Togo Draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.lr as a wholer'was adopted by 106 votesto17c with 26 abstentions (resolution 44/27 X). ** * Subsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to abstain. ** Subsequently the delegations of Bangladesh and Papua New Guinea advised the Secretariat that they had intended to vote in favour. The PRESnlENTc We now turn to dr&ft resolution A/44/L.. 35, "United Nations Trust Ftmd for South Africa.... May I take it that the General Assembly decides to adopt the draft resolution? Draft'resolution A/44/L.35 was'adopted (resolution 44/27 J). The PRESIDF!:£x We shall now take a decision on draft resolution A/44/L.36, "Concerted international action for the elimination of apartheid". A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vote·was'taken. Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colom la, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, COte d'Ivoire, Cuba, cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Demooratic Kampuchea, DelIDcratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finlald, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic RepUblic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Gu!nea-Bissau, Guyana, Hai ti, Honduras, Hungary, Icelmd, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, JOlrdan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, M~'a'1mar, Nepal, Netherlands, New ZealClld, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman f Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Polcnd, Qatar, Romania, Rwcnda, Saint Kitts and NeVis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tone md Principe, Saudi Arab la, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lan~a, Sudan, Surinam:, SWazilcnd, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Toga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkeyw Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuelaw Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe sainsta United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America Abstaining' Germany, Federal Republic of, Lesotho, Portugal Draft resolution' A/44/L. 36 was' adopted by 151 votes to 2, with' 3 abstentions (resolution ..4/27 K).* * Subsequently the delegation of Bangladesh advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favour. The' PRESmENTs Lastly we turn to draft. resolution A/44/L.40, entitled ·Support for the work of the Commission against Apartheid in Sports·. A recorded vote has been requested. A'recorded'vote WM· taken. In favour, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, ArgentinQ, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhut~, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faeo, Burmdi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colom ia, Connros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, C\'prus, Czecboslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republio, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Demccratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti g Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, L!lo People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali g Mexico, Mongolia, Morocoo, Mozanbique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Niger ia, oman, Pak istan, Panamar Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Bwanda, saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Iucia, saint Vincent and the Grenadines, SIlo Tome and Prinoipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islmds, Somal ia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname g Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist RepUblics, United Arab Emirates, United Bepublic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Ham, Yemen, Yugoslaviaf Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe AGainst: United States of America Abstaining, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, wxemourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Draft resolutionA/44/L.40'wasadopted byl27 votes to li'with'23 abstentions (resolution 44/27 L).~ * Subsequently the delegations of Bangladesh and Mauritania advised the Secretariat that they had intended to vote in favour. The PRESIDENT, I shall now call on those representatives who wish to speak in explanation of vote after the voting. I woUld remind delegations that, in accordance with General Assembly decision 34/401, 8xplanations of vote are limited to 10 minutes and should be made by delegations from their se&ts. Mr.' MOORE (United States of &lerica), It is a source of great sadness std disappointment to t8 that we must l'IW!et Once again, as we have so many times in the past, to consider draft resolutions concerning aartheid. It: is a tragedy that apartheid still exists. The United States Government std people have repeatedly made cleat our abhorrence of apartheid. We remain convinced that it must be dismll'ltled and replaced, Md we shall continue to work for that objective through peaceful negotiations to achieve a non-racial, democratic system of government. I shall not elaborate at length my Government 9 S view on apartheid or what steps need to be taken ~ the South African Government and its people to resclve the situatiat in that troubled comtry. We have done so on numerous occasions, in many places. I shall confine my remarks to the draft resolutions that were before . the Assembly. '!'he United States was pleased to be able to join the consensus on the draft resolution en international support for the eradication of 8eartheid in South Africa through genuine negotiations. My Government has made explicit numerous times its belief that the only way truly to resolve the difficult issues in South Africa is through peaceful negotiations. Violence will not work. It creates problems rather than solving thelU it leaves lasting scars which perpetuate hate and fear. The demands articulated in this resolution are among the actions that can be taken by one of the parties to "help create the necessary clil'Mte for genuine negotiations" (A/44/L.27;·eara.· 4). This is not an exhaustive list of what could be done nor does it include actions which other parties to this conflict could also take to further and accelerate the peaceful resolution of this issue. If we are to see progress, all parties involved in this tragic issue need to act to forestall violence and begin the process of negotiation. We are encouragec by the posi tive actions t.aken by the new Sout-.h African Government as well as by the recognition in the Harare Declaration of the need for peaceful negotiations. These are first steps. There is still a long cmd difficult road ahead. However, if the problems still to be faced are addressed positively and with sincerity, all the South African people will reap the benefits of peace, freedom and democracy.* Unfortunately, not all the draft resolutions which came before this body dgmonstrated as nuch wisdan. As I have already made clear, the Uni ted States has repeatedly emphasized its objection to armed struggle, which was endorsed in Bevel'al of the draft resolutions which came before us. In this forum especially we should not accept language that legitimizes armed conflict. This is wholly contrary to the dedicated search for peaceful solutions to the world's problems whiCh is the raison d'etre of the General Assettbly, our purpose in meeting here. A call to violence only increases the probability of greater violence. For that reason we have again opposed draft resolutions Which endorse violence. My Government maintains firmly its opposi tion to canprehensive, mandatory sanctions. The irony of the Assembly's call for them is hard to ignore. others with more active trade ties with South Africa have been among the most vocal in calls for sanctions. The United States has impo~ed and enforced the most stringent sanctions against South Africa of. arti Member of the Assembly. The stated purpose of these sanctions is to encourage the South African Government to move through * Mr. Burst (Antigua and Barbuda), Vice-President, took the Chair. ~J Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library (Mr. Hoorer United States) peaceful negotiations towards the elimination of apartheid Md the establishment of a non-racial, democratic society. The release of some important p)litical prisoners, tha repeal of laws which segregated some public places, and the visits of South Africa's Presidents to various capitals in southern Africa suggest that South Africa is moving in that direction. While such steps must continue and go further, now is not the time to rebuff these signs of prog~ess by the introduction of additional sanctione by the international community. ~ delegation has been Q\ record for many years as opposed to the practice of nane-calling by United Nations bodies~ yet the practice persists. We cannot support resolutions which single out any country by name to CX)ndem for actions which we all know are also taken by others, including some of the most voc&l in their criticism. We shall continue to oppose this practice. Change is in the air in southern Africa. The time has never seemed better to move the processes of change forward. HOwever, progress must be recognized and taken adv,entage of. we felt compelled to abstain on the draft resolution on the work of the Special Committee against Apartheid because it failed to take adequate note of the changes which have occurred l!IIld are continuii19 to occur. I also wish to make clear my delegation's position that this resolution does not mandate add! tional expenditures by the Departmant of Public Information. It is flOW time to focus on the future, and we must use all our skills 1:0 help devise mechanisms to bring the parties forward. The resolution on eradicating apartheid through genuine negotiations is an example of the type of constructive action that can be taken, md I hope it is an example of the apprClBch we shall increasingly see in the future. For the first time in years it is possible to be somewhat hopefUl that e negotiation scener 10 may be just on the horizon. The great pressures, internal md external, on South African whites to accept change are growing and ar~ helping to convince the South African Government that it must move beyond its current posi tion std accept fundamental change~ It is ReM increasingly clear to that Government that the well-being of the ,mite minority cannot be sustained without a negotiated pOlitical settlement that results in political equality for all South Africans. The aim of the United States in all of this is to maximize our ability to promote dialogue leadiD) to fUll-fledged negotiations On a non-racial, de1'lOcratic future for South Africa. (Mr. MOOre, United States) - "~. .~... - -_. ~....,-~ ,. '---'.. . . . . ,. .... Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library Mr. PrIRTBR (Argentina) (interpretation from Spanish). Argentina voted for. all the draft resolutions mder agenda item 28 because those draft resolutions correspond fully with the principles and objectives that inspired them and faithfully reflect the firm position that has been taken by Argentina with respect to the international struggle against apartheid. Nevertheless, with ~es~e:t: to the procedural motions in connection with draft resolution A/44/L.34!Rev.l, we voted in principle to support the right of states to request separate voting en the paragraphs that concern those States directly. We also voted for the motion of the Federal Republic of Germany in connection with the content of operative paragraph 1 of that draft resolution because we did not agree that there should be a separate critical mention of States with respect to behaviour that cannot be attributed to the Governments involVed. FurtherilDre, in the case of the Fedaral Republic of Germany, the Government illlDlediately set in motion a process of investigation into the alleged practices. In any case, we understand that the practice of naming States militates against the co-ordination of effeetive intergovernmental action in the struggle to eradicate ~p!rtheid. Mr.' GREALY (Australia). The Australian Government's continued and implacable opposition to apartheid was made abundantly clear in our statement on this item at a plenary meeting earlier in the month. I am pleased to mentien that this year my delegation has been able to sponsor four of the resol utions before us - an increase from two - and we have endeavoured to be as forthcoming as possible on others. We welcome the very real efforts that have been made this time to improve Cl nullber of the texts, incltiding that of draft resolution A/44/L.26, and to widen support to increase their effectiveness in implementation. While ray delegation supports the broad thrust of most of the texts, I should like to point out that our support should not be construed as agreement to all the elements contained in each of them. We do, for example, retain our well-known reservations with respect to the legitimacy of armed struggle, prisoner-of-war status, the Convention against Apartheid in Sport Md the selective singling-out, in resolutions, of particular Me1\'ber States. Austral14's support for effective forms of pressure, including economic pre8su~e, on the South African Government is well knCMn. We particularly welcome the support this year for draft resolution A/44/L.30 on international financial meaSUres - which is new - and we call on the international financial community to respond positively to its recommendations. The announcement last lIDnth by South Africa of an agreement with its foreign creditors on a payment schedule affecting part of its debt has not let South Africa off the debt hook. Very considerable preS&l.oS;'e can still be exerted through financial sanctions, including efforts to restrict South Africa's access to trade credits. Mf delegation's continuing support for the broad thrust of the resolutions that have just been adopted reflects our belief that the international community must continue to ensure that South Africa receives the clear and unmistakable message that apartheid policies cannot and will not be tolerated. Mr.' SRluTI&\M (Federal Republic of Germany) I The representative of France, in his statement on behalf of the 12 State Members of the European Conmunity, has explained the position of the 'lVelve on the resolutions that have just. been adopted. The Government of the Fede ral Republic of Germany subscr ibes fully to this statement and. in particular, shares the essential political principles set out therein. The 'rwe1ve have made clear their unequivocal rejection of apartheid and (Mr. Grealy, Australia) their determinatioo to contribute to its total eradication. My delegation would like to add the follow ing. My Government shares the conviction of this Assel'lbly that apartheid constitutes a flagrant violation of the fmdamental human rights laid dom in the Charter of the United Nations and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 'l'he system of apartheid cannot be reformed but must be eradicated to create a democratic society in which all South Africans enjoy equal human, political and civil rights. '!'he Government of the Federal Republic of Germany welcomes the steps that the South African Government, under its new President, has taken recently. It urges the South African Government to continue along this path without delay and to take further steps - in particular, steps to end the state of emergency, to unba'l the African National Congress (ANC) and other political organizations in South Africa, to repeal the existing apartheid laws and to release all political detainees, including Nelson Mandela. This could create the conditions necessary for genuine negotiations between the Government of South Africa and the black majority. It is, hc:Mever, with great disappointment that 1trf Government finds itself singled out in two of the resolutions that have just be'n adopted. My delegation is especially concerned that in operative paragraph 1 of the resolution entitled "Military collaboration with South Africa", the Federal Republic of Germany is accused of a breach of the United Nations arms embargo. I should like to put on record that my Government has at no time approved, allowed or condoned the supply, by German companies, of blueprints for submarines or any other related military materiel to South Africa. It implements the embargo strictly and has co-operated actively with the Committee that was established by (Mr. Brautigam (Federal Republic of Germany) Security Council resolution 421 (1977) to oversee the implementation of the arms e~argo. That co-operation has been forthcoming since the Committee began its investigations into the case. Immediately after receiving information that blueprints were being delivered by two German companies ~e Government of the Pederal Republic of Germany took measures to stop the provision of the remaining parts of the blueprints indispensable fOr th~ construction of the sUbmarines. With respect to the resolution entitled "Comprehensive atd mandatory sanctions against the racist regime of South Africa", in operative paragraph 2 of which the Federal Republic of Germany is singled out as the leadil'W} trading partner of SOuth Africa, I should like to put on record that by trading with South Africa rttI Govemment does not contravene Mly existing international laws of a mandatory nature. It is well knoon that many other countries maintain commercial links with South Africa. My Government is aware of the pressure that restrictive economic measures can exert on Pretoria. It is for this reason that the Federal Republic of Germany, together with i tspartners in the European Com1ll!nity, adopted a range of restrictive measures in the economic field. These measures include, inter alia, a ban a'l the export of oil to South Africa and a ban on the import of South African steel and iron products. On wr initiative, the 12 States mellbers of the European ComlOOnity recently strengthened the code of calduet that governs the rela tionship of the European Community companies operating in South Africa with their employees~ (Mr. ° Brautigam (Pederal Republic of Germany) It ensures that none of those companies will discriminate against its black WOrkers. Furthermore, in the past year German companies, as the latest report of the Special Committee against Apartheid illustrates, considerably disinvested their operations in South Africa. The singling out of the Federal Republic of Germany in the two draft resolutions is arbitrary Md unjlBtified. It is out of place at a tine when the internation&l coDlunity is uniting in its efforts to press South Africa for the aboli tion of the apartheid system. Mr. 'MATNAI (Israel) I !btwithstanding the inclusion of certain formulations on which we have reservations, my delegation voted in favour of draft resolution A/44/L.36, on concerted international action for the elimination of aeartheid. Israel voted in this manner in order to emphasize clearly its cOl'llllltment t.o the st.ruggle against apart.h~M. and racial discrimination. My delegation, however, voted against draft resolution A/44/L.26, regarding int.ernationa1 solidarity with the liberation struggle in South Africa, since it calls inter' aUa for armed struggle. My delegation strongly believes that true, genuine and direct negotiations ~re the only way to solve conflicts, and therefore Israel joined the consensus on draft resOlution A/44/L.27, which calls for the er~dication of aptrtheid through genuine negotiationsG My delegation abstained CXl draft resolution A/44/L.33, on the oil embargo, because its obvious motivation is to divert the focus of attention from the oil-producer States to the shipping States, on which it would lay the blame. It is the firm belief of my delegation that the prime responsibility in this matter rests on the shoulders of the oil-produc:er countries which have organized a world-wide network of middlemen and straw companies to camouflage their oil deals. (Nr. Briutigam, Feder!! RepubUc of Germany> At the saR! tiDe, my delegation voted against draft resolution A/44/L.28, as it should be a matter for tbe States themselves to impose and 1IlOnitor the actions to be taken against South Africa, however, it abstained en draft resolution A/44/L.30. For the same reason, my delegation abstained on draft resolution A/44/L.40, although Israel itself hag curtailed, by the Government's decision of 16 Septenber 1987, sports ties with South Africa and has adhered to the decisions of the international sports associations. My delegation also abstained on draft resolution A/44/L.32, on the programme of work of the Special Committee against Apartheid, because of the unfair and unsubstantiated singling out of Israel in the Conraittee's reports. My delegation voted against draft resolutions A/44/Lo 31 and A/44/L.34/Rev.l, nuch debated here, because of the sinqling out of Israel 8Ild the baseless Std unfounded allegations against it. It is regrettable that the struggle against apartheid is harnessed to the all~ut diplomatic onslaught on Israel staged against it by certain countries. As for the recent allegations in the press leaning, purportedly, on official documents, they have been emphatically denied not only by Israel but by the very same sources on which the press relied. My delegation vants once again to declare - loud and clear - that it is Israel's adamant and long-standing policy to have no oo-operation with South Africa in the nuelsr field. On 30 October the Minister of Defence of Israel, Mr. Rabin, said in a radio interviewl "When it COines to the nuclear field, we have no relations whatsoever with South Africa and therefore all stories about cmy relationship between our country and South Africa on this issue are totally unbased and without any justiflca tion" • (Mr. Matnai, Israel) In conclusion, my delegation reiterates without the sliqhtest hesitation the abhorrence of Israel, Government and people, for apartheid and all other forms of racism. Mr. HAms (Ireland) I My delegation endorses the views expressed by the representative of France in his statement on behalf of the twelve States members of the European Community. This debate on aparthei~ represents each year the reiteration of a moral challenge by the members of the intarnational comlllUnity to a system that is universally condemned. We may disagree at times on particular ways of framing that challenge but we are united in our central moral message: the system of apartheid is un~cceptable, it is an affront to all of us, and it debases the standards of justice and reason by which we aspire to live. In a few weaks we shall have a special session on apartheid. That will be an opportunity for the international community to reassert that apartheid is a bondage of fear and injustice but that it is not too late to build a society tnat will be based on respect for the rights and dignity of every individual. Ireland supported six of the draft resolutions before us today, three of which we co-sponsored. We found it necessary to abstain on some draft resolutions as they contain a number of formulations and ideas which are not consistent with my Government's approach. We abstained on four draft resolutions and we voted against two. I turn first to the draft resolutions which Ireland supported. Ireland co-sponsored draft resolution A/44/L.27, on international support for the eradication of apartheid. We especially welcome the fact that this draft resolution has been adopted with the support of all delegations. Ireland supported draft resolution A/44/L.30, on international financial pressure on South Africa. We agree with the general content of the draft resolution while believing that the right policy for the international community is one of steady and graduated pressure for change through carefully chosen, selective, graduated sanctions. However, we believe such' sanctions should be mandatory - that is, that they should be imposed by the Security Council and fully implemented by all countries. We voted in favour of draft resolution A/44/L.32, on the programme of work of the Special Committee against apartheid. We strongly support the work of the Special Committee in its role of focusing attention on the unacceptable situation in South Africa and of pronbting international action against !Eartheid. I should add, of course, that our attitude to the recommendations contained in the report of the Special Commif.:tee mlSt be understood in accordMce with the general policy of my Government. Ireland voted in favour of draft resolution A/44/L.33, which deals with the question of an oil embargo against South Africa. My Government has fOt many years favoured the imposition by the Security Council of a mandatory oil embargo against South Africa. Ireland co-sponsored draft resolution A/44/L.36, on concerted international action against apartheid, which inter alia urges the Security Council to consider the adoption of effective mandatory sanctions against South Africa. We also co-sponsored draft resolution A/44/L.35, on the United Nations Trust Fund for South AfricaJ here again, we are pleased that this draft resolution was adopted by consensus~ (Mr •. Hares, I relanod) My delegation abstained al draft resolution A/44/t.26, which calls for international solidarity with the liberation struggle in South Africa. We should have liked to vote in favour of this draft resolution as it contains many provisions we support. However, we cannot accept the reference to armed struggle. My delegation has made it clear in the past that we do not wish to see this Asserably endorse violence. My delegation abstained on draft resolution A/44/t. 28, which calls for comprehensive md mandatory sanctions. As I said earlier, we favour the apPlication bf the Security Council of a range of selective, graduated sanctions. We abstained m draft resolu tion AI44/t. 29, on the imposi Hon CI'ld co-ordination of measures against South Africa. We agree with the broad thrust of the draft resolution, but certain of its formulations 2nd elements cause us diffieul ties. Ireland abstained also on draft resolution A/44/t.40, on the sports boycott of South Africa, which, inter alia, calls on States to ratifY the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports. The Convention, unfortunately, contains a number of provisions which are incompatible with prOVisions in Ireland's Constitution relevant to freedom of travel. My delegation voted against draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l, on military collaboration with South Africa. We fUlly support the arms embargo but must express regret at the way in which certain States are selectively singled out in the draft resolution. Ireland, as in the case of similar draft. resolutions in previous years, voted against draft resolution A/44/t.31, on relations between Israel and South Africa, in view of its selective singling out of one Member State of this Organization fot condemnaticn. (Mr. Haves, Iroland) Mr. SAVUT (Turkey): Turkey has no diplomatic or consular relations with South Africa. Furthermore, being opposed to South Africa's policy of apartheid, Turkey has always supported all resolutions adopted within the framework of the Uni ted Nations il\d in other interns tional organizations for the eradication of apartheid. Similarly, my delegation has voted in favour of all the draft resOLutions presented to the General Assembly on this subject. Having said that, I wish to refer to the fifth preambular paragraph of draft resolution A(44/L.28, entitled "Canprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the racist regime of South Africa", wherein reference is made to ~rtain paragraphs of the report or the Special Committee against Apartheid. We do not consider that the wording of those paragraphs is appropriate. Furthermore, we are not satisfied with the way in which operative paragraph 2 of draft resOlution A/44/L.28 has been draft.ed. Finally, my delegati-on does not approve of name-ealling in General Assel\'bly resolutions, il\d consequently voted accordingly in the separate votes. Mr. BORG OLIVIER (Malta): I should like to explain briefly my Government's position 00 the resolutions just adopted. Malta fully shares the widespread abhorrence and condemnation of the policies of §artheid of the Government of South Africa. We are unequivocally committed to their total and immediate eradication and are therefore determined to continue supporting all effective measures, including increasing international pressure, to achieve this objective. We also <X>ntinue to give our full support to the front-line States. In this spirit, my delegation was pleased to support the seven draft resolutions contained in documents A/44/L.27, L.29, L.30f L.32, L.33, L.35 lI'ld L.36. My delegation had, reluctentlYf to abstain on the draft resolutions contained in documents A/44/L.26, L.28, L.31 and Corr.l and L.34/Rev.l, for the same reasons as those given in the case of similar resolu Uons Imt year. we also had to abstain on the draft resolution contained in document A/44/L.40. My Government actively discourages sporting contacts with South Africa. It cannot, however, agree to some of the enforcement measures contained in the 1985 International Convention against Apartheid in Sports, which conflict with principles enshrined in Malta's Constitution. I wish to stress that my Government supports the general thrust of all these resolutions and that our abstentions are addressed exclusively to certain formulations with Which we have difficulties, including in partiCUlar those involving selective name-ealling and those which, in our view, are inconsistent with our commitment to the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes. Our abstentions should in no way be interpreted as a weakening of our unswerving opposition to the policies of apartheid and our full support for all effective measures aimed at their total and immediate eradication. Mr. KEMBER (New Zealand): The New Zealand Government is pleased at the way in which efforts have clearly been made since last year to ensure that the texts on which we have taken action today reflect the views of a wider section of the United Nations membership. A9 this year's debate clearly indicated, there is no doubt about the abhorrence that States share 60r the apartheid system, or about the need for its eradication. It is therefore gratifying for my Government that this year we have been able to sponsor four of the 12 draft resolutions. These include the resolution on the oil embargo, with which New Zealand, as a member of the Intergovernmental Group, has been closely involved, as welLas the new resolution on financial pressures, which is consistent with the decisions taken at the recent meeting of Commonwealth Heads of Government in Kuala Lumpur. We understCl'ld that our co-sponsorship of this resolution will be reflected in the final records on this item. (Mr.. Borg Olivier, Malta) New Zealand regrets that despite the vastly improved language in draft resolution A/44/L.26, it has not been able to lend its support to the draft resolution. As we noted last year and previously, New Zealand is unable to accept an endorsement of the use of force in a manner inconsistent with the United Nations Charter. We understmd and sympathize with the frustration of those who, in their quest for a just and democratic South Africa, face violent repression and inhumane treatment. Violence and repression as practised in South Africa or anywhere else are beyond justific~tion. Nevertheless, New Zealand cannot accept that such action in turn gives licence for other illegal activity. Because of the references in operative paragraph 2, we have thus had to abstain on the draft resolution as a whole. New Zealand was unable to support draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l because of references to specific States. Name-calling is not, in New Zealand's view, acceptable. We much regret the retention of this language in a text. whose broad objectives we favQur. With regard to draft resolution A/44/L.40, there can be no misunderstanding on New Zealand's position on sporting contacts with South Africa. On the basis of the Commonwealth's Gleneagles 1qreement of 1977, New Zealand is fully committed to the policy of discouraging contact and competition by New Zealanders with sporting organizations, teams or players from South Africa. New Zealand denies entry to South African sportspeople, and tie are firmly opposed to competi Hon in third countries between New Zealand and South African players. This policy is understood and accepted by virtually all New Zealand sports bodies. (Mr. Kember, New Zealand) New Zealand was, however, unable to support draft resolution A/44/L.40 because of the reference in operative paragraph 2 to a convention to which New Zealand could not becotlW! a party. Signature of the International Convention aagainst Aeartheid in Sport would be contrary to the obligations already assumed through our ratification of the Internati01'81 Covenant on Civil cmd Political Rights and the provision therein for freedom to leave one's own country. That said, let there be nO doubt that New Zealand fully sQbscribes to efforts by the United Nations to encouraging States to help achieve the total isolation of apartheid in sports, as described in operative paragraphs 3 to 6 inclusive of that draft resolution. (Mr. Bellber l New Zealand) Mr. ~JNOCZI (Austria). Austria is on record as having consistently condemned cmd opposed the policies of apartheid as a particularly ser 10us viola tion of human rights that deprives the majority of South Africa's population of their civil. political. economic, social and cultural rights. We therefore hold the view that the eradication of this system of institutionalized racial discrimination remains one of the most important challenges confronted by the United Na t ions. For these reasons we find ourselves in agreement with the general thrust of the draft resolutions submitted under this item. It is our firm conviction that the international community must stand united in the struggle against the evil of apartheid. Therefore, we regret all the more that a few proviaions which Austr ia cannot support prevented us from voting in favour of some of the draft resolutions. In particular, Austria has always held the vi~ that the United Nations should concentrate all its efforts on bringing about political and social change by peaceful means. We therefore cannot support the concept of armed struggle, since we firmly believe in the resolution of conflicts exclusively by peaceful means. Therefore, we call for the eradicaUoo of !partheid through genuine negotiations. Let me also reiterate that Austria, as a matter of principle, is against singling out Member States in General Assembly resolutions and that this practice, in our view, does not promote the cause of the oppressed people of South Africa. Moreover, Austria believes that the General Assembly should respect the prerogatives of the Security Council with regard to comprehensive mandatory sanctions. In the light of these considerations, Austria sponsored draft resolutions A/44/L.27, L.35 and L.l6. Although Austria is well-known for its liberal banking rules, we also voted in favour of draft resolutions A/44/L.30, L.32 and L.33. I should like to welCOIII! certain I'IOdificatJons in draft resolution A/44/L.26, but, for the reasons stated, we abstained on this as well as on draft resolutions A/44/L.28, L.29, L.34/Rev.1 and L.40. Since on legal grounds, Austria will not accede to the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports, AWltria cast a negative vote on draft resoJ.ution A/44/L.3l and Corr.l. Our positive attitude to the main thrust of the resolutions just adopted reflects our support for a free, democratic and non-racial society in a united South Africa based on the free exercise of universal suffrage. Ms.' DITLHADI-OLIPHANT (Botswana). The Botswana delegation voted in faVOUr of all the draft resolutions under item 2&, entitled ·Policies of apartheid of the Government. of South Africa·, with the elweption of draft resolutions A/44fL.28, L.29, L.30 and L.33, on which we abstained. We did so guided by cut' strong conviction that apartheid, which is the root cause of the acts of aggression and destabilization in the region and of oppression and repression in South Africa, should be totally eradicated, not reformed. We urge all the parties concerned to recognize this fact and fulfil their responsibilities. My delegation wishes, however, to go on record once more with its well-known position regarding the imposition of economic sanctions against South Africa. Botswana itself cannot impose economic aanctions on South Africa but does not wish to be used as an excuse by those who can and for not deciding to do so. Mr. EHLE~ (Uruguay) (interpretation from Spanish). The Urugu~yan delegation, consistent with its traditionsl position, joined the international community in condemning the racist apartheid regime by voting for the majority of the draft resolutions submitted to the General Assembly for consideration. HOwever. in accordance with the position which we have maintained in ~his and other United Nations forums, we were compelled to express reservations in connection with selective naming of countries such as occurs in operative paragraphs 1 and 2 of (Mr. Hajnoczi, Austria) draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l. References of this kind are liable to be unfair and discriminatory, for reasons either of inclusion or of omission, and should not appear in texts such as those we have just adopted, the force and authodty of Which stem precisely from the fact that these draft resolutions formulate general principles and recommendations for application in the resolution of general ... situations. For these same ressons, we wish to place on record our reservations with respect to operative paragraph 2 of draft resolution A/44/L.28. Finally, we abstained in the voting on draft resolution A/44/L.3l and Corr.l because we consider that its subject-matter was adequately covered in draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l. !"Ir. GUPTA (India), My delegation has consistently stressed the need for concerted md effective sanctions by the international c0ln1lllnity to exert pressure on the Pretoria regime to take the steps necessary for the peaceful eradication of apartheid. Full a'ld effective implementation of the various sanctions, CI'ld in partiCUlar the mandatory arms emargo, against South Africa is in cur view an indispensable element of international action. Any direct or indirect violation of the arms eubargo, therefore, must be deplored in unanbiguous terms, and my delegation deplores it without any equivocation. At the same time, it is important to call upon all States which continue to vJolate directly or indirectly the arms embargo to refrain from such acts and scrupulously to observe their obligations under the mandatory arms embargo. In operative paragraph 1 of draft resolution A/44/r 34/Rev.l, entitled "Military collaboration with South Africa", which has just been adopted, the General Assembly, while deploring the actions of those which directly or indirectly (Mr. Ehlers, Uruguay) oontinue to violate the arms embargo, calls upon only a few selected countries to oomply strictly with the arma eJd:)argo against South Africa. While the call upon those States is jmtified, my delegation is of the opinion that this call should have been addressed to all those States and organizations which continue to violate, directly or indirectly, the arms embargo. 1be absence of such a call, in the view of my delegation, is an important omission becClluse of which my delegation was constrained to abstain in the separate vote recorded on sone portions of operative paragraph 1 of draft resolution A/44/L.34/Rev.l. I wish to clarifY, however, that if the two phrases had been put to the vote separstely, my delegation would have voted in favour of the first phrase, which refers to the activities of the two corporations based in the Federal Republic of Germany. (Mr. Gupta, India) The PRES~: I now call upon the Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid. Mr. OUDOVENRO (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic), Acting Chairman, Special Committee against Aparthe!:!: In my capacity as Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, I wish to express ~ appreciation to those Member States which supported thIS draft resolutions, both those initiated by the Special Committee and those prepared by other groups. It is particularly encouraging that draft resolution A/44/L.27, "International support for the eradication of apartheid in South Africa through genuine negotiations", was adopted by consensus. This is one of the welcome rare occas ions when on a substantive matter relating to the subject. of apartheid the international community has spoken wi th one voice. This is a particularly encouraging development and I wish to express appreciation to all those who made it possible. It is an auspicious omen for the forthcoming special session, which will be held three weeks from today. Forging a united front, an international consensus on the conditions, the process and the goals of political settlement ending apartheid and establishing a fr.ee, non-racial South Africa, through genuine negotiations, would represent a lanclnark in the United Nations and a formidable diplomatic instrument to put pressure on SOuth Africa to eradicate apartheid promptly and peacefully. I should also like to emphasize the importance of the adoption of all the other draft resolutio".s by the General Assembly at this session. They are of paramount significance for the speediest achievel1l2nt of the goal of complete eradication of the apartheid system in SOuth Africa. The Special Committee will be encouraged by the fact that for the first time the draft resolution on its programme of work - this year contained in document A/U/L.32 - was adopted without a negative vote. :n the present circumstances, an emerging international consensus on the subject of apartheid would acquire profound importance. I hope that there will be a constructive approach, which does not abandon the lofty principles of the Charter of the United Nations, which does not sacrifice the most essential imperatives of our civilization, which does not neglect the ugly realities of apartheid, which does not disregard the implications of cynical collaboration with the apartheid regime. Such an approach would be of utmst value and would prove to be enornnusly effective. I sincerely hope that we shall be able to fulfil our challenging task in the very near future. The PRESID~: In accordance with the decision taken by the General Assembly at its 3rd plenary meeting, on 22 September 1989, I now call on the representative of the Aftican National Congress of South Africa. Mr. MAFOLE (African National Congress CANC»: Once again this body has had occasion to pronounce itself on a matter Which is of great concern to my organization, the African National Congress CANe), and to the people of South Africa; the issue of apartheU. We should like at the very outset to extend our profound gratitude to the United Nations, which has expressed itself so unambiguously in condemnation of apartheid, that crime against humanity. We wish to commen::} the General Assenbly for having spoken so unequivocally in favour of derrocracy in South Africa. Let me also take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation to all those Member Stat~s that not only have expressed their abhorrence of apartheid but also have demonstrated this by casting their votes in favour of the draft resolu~ions. (Mw: 0 Oudovenko, Acting Chairman, Special Committee aqainst Apartheid It is our considered view that today's vote, if anything, will contribute immensely towards strengthening and inspiring the millions of people in South Africa who are daily engaged in a struggle to bring peace and denocracy to their country. 1bday's vote, it is to be hoped, will send an important and very clear signal to the Pretoria regime - namely, that the international community cannot and will not allow itself to be duped by pronouncements of good intentions on the part of the regime of F. W. De Klerk. Indeed, what the United Nations is saying is that the new regime will be judged not by its words but by its actions in ending a system that not only has denied fundamental human rights to the majority of the people of my country because of their Skin colour, but also has brutalized and terrorized the people of the entire subcontinent of southern Africa. It is a matter of deep regret that some Member States, in spite of their declarations of al:ilorrence of apartheid, have seen fit to vote against sone of the draft resolutions. While we recognize and respect the prerogative of those Member States to exerci~e their vote, we cannot fail to express our amazement at some of the eXPlanations given for the negative votes. We should like very briefly to address some of these questions. We are being told that the international community should not take action against apartheid, simply because the new regill'e has said that it is ready to negotiate. It should however be recalled that for many years a number of countries here obstructed concerted international action against apartheid long before De Klerk came on the scene, long before any intention to negotiate was expressed on the part of the South African reqime. Therefore, we cannot help feelirq that this is a mere excuse. (Mr. Mafole, ANC) As regards the issue of name-calling, we can only agree with the position outlined by the Ambassador of Zimbabwe in his statement in explanation of vote before the voUng. Regarding the issue of armed struggle, we wish only to state that we have over the years presented Ol,r views. from this rostrum and in other international forums. Let us merely add that had it not been for armed struggle the representatives of a number of Member States would not be seated in this Hall today, including some of those that have vociferously opposed this method of struggle. Our organization and the people of South Africa have over the years reiterated their preference for a peaceful resolution of the tragic conflict in our country. In spite of the years of brutal repression, the ANC has never abandoned the hope of a negotiated settlement i~ South Africa. Irtdeed, the Declaration adopted by the Organization of African Uni ty (OAU) in Harare and endorsed by the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries in Belg~ade testifies to this. We were therefore highly gratified to note that draft resolution A/44/L.27, entitled "International support for the eradication of apartheid in South Africa through genuine negotiations"r was adopted by consensus. (Mr. Mafole, ANe) Hence we are highly gratified to note that draft reo~!~tion A/44/L.27, entitled "International support for the eradication of apartheid in South Africa through genuine negotiations" was aoopted by consensus. It correctly places the onus on the Pretoria regime to undertake measures to create the climate necessary for negotiaHons. It is therefore to be hoped that the forthcoming special sess ion on apartheid will speak in one voice on this very issue. In conclusion, on behalf of the African National Congress I wish to than.~ the United Nations and the international community for their unswerving support in the campaign for the release of poli ticalprisoners. We ate happy to say that seven leaders of the African National Congress have now been released, after a quarter of a century in prison, to join the ranks of the struggle and to continue the work that has started. May I a!So say that we shall rely on the international community to continue to apply the kind of pressure that has made it possible for the South African regime to sit at the negotiating table, particularly in the ease of Namibia. However, we wish to state here that the onus of the strug9le rests with the people of South Africa and that the African National Congress will spare no effort to ensure that our country and the world are rid of the scourge of apartheid. The PRESIDEN~: One representative has requested to speak in exercise of the right of reply. May I remind Jnetl'.bers that, in accordance with General Assembly decision 34/401, statements in exercise of the right of reply are limited to 10 minutes for the first intervention and to 5 minutes for the second, and should be made by delegations from their seats. I call or. the representative of the Syrian Arab Republic. (Mr. Mafo1e, ANe) Mr. SHAHEED (Syrian Arab Republic) (interpretation from Arabic), The representative of the ~ionist racist regime in occupied Palestine, in trying to explain his vot.e today, has r~sorteJ once again to oft-repeated and refuted fabrications. He alleged that the Zionist regime he represents rejects the policies of apartheid in South Africa. In so doing, he simply repeated the statement he had previously made during the general debate, namely that z (spoke-in'English) ftIsra~1' ~nd the Jewish people reject and condemn apartheid in the most categoric and unequivocal manner, both as an. ideology and as a political system. Tbgether, with all the community of black nations, they call upon South Africa to abolish apartheid, to desist from any kind of racial discrimination and to grant full equal rights to all its citizens - black, white and coloured. Israel and the Jewish people tell Africa and the world forcefully: We are with you in the just struggle to eliminate apartheid and all forms of racial discrimination." (continued in'Arabic) If we review the 10 resolutions, which have just been voted upon, we shall find that that representative has voted against four and abstained on five. As a ploy, he voted in favour of just one resolution. Even then he voiced numerous reservations which qualified his vote for that one resolution. It is significant that the average number of the delegations which voted in favour of those resolutions was 130. The representative of world zionism sought to hide behind the sort of rhetoric of which I have just given members a sample and which he has repeated this evening. His honeyed words, however, deceive no one. We are not interested in misleading statements but in declared positions that translate words into deeds. At the time, we pointed out that his words were no more than idle talk. The negative vote by the representative of the Zionist regime in Tel Aviv shows that that racist regime is not merely beyond the pale of the international community but is also the ally of the Pretoria regime. Therefore, that regime is a full partner of Pretoria and lends support for its policies of racism and domination. Its negative vote flies in the face of the international community and the action taken by the Organization to eliminate apartheid. It is also further evidence of that regime's insistence on maintaining relations with the apartheid regime and to co90perate in the political, military, nuclear and economic fields, thus deJlk)nstrating the identical nature of the two racist regimes, their cOll\llIIJni ty of interests and the oneness of their goals. The relationship between the two racist regimes of Tel Aviv and Pretoria is a chain with various links. They aid and abet each other in pursuing their expansionist-colonialist goals and ambitions. That is ~ny the Zionist regime is invariably opposed to every resolution adopted by the Organization against the racist regime in South Afdca. In this connection, we should emphasize the fact that the Zionist racist regime has never let a single opportunity pass to vote against United Nations resolutions conaenning apartheid. The negative vote by the Zionist racist regime in Tel Aviv is pa~ nt evidence that, notwithstanding its misleading and repeated allegations, it supports the ~partheid policies pursued by South Africa and encourages its acts of aggression. This demonstrates the degree of credibility we should attach to the statements of the representative of world zionism when he speaks again in the Assembly early next month. The PRESIDENT, The Assen'bly has thus concluded its consideration of item 28. (Mr. Shaheed, §Yrian Arab Republic) ACENDA l'l'EM 126 AIMINISTRATIVB AND BUDGETARY CO-ORDINATION OF THE UNITED NATlONS WITH THE S mCXAL!ZED ACENCIES AND THE INTERNATIONAL A'l'CM IC mERGY A<ENCY, REFORT OF THE FIFTH CCMMIT'l'EE (A/44/724) The PRESmmT, If there is no proposal under rule 66 of the rules of procedure, I shall take it that the General Assembly decides not to discuSS the report (A/44/724) of the Fifth Committee which is before the Assembly today. It'was so decided. The' PRESIDENT: The Assenbly will now take a decision on the recommndations of the Fifth Committee in paragraph 8 of its report (A/43/724). The Committee adopted without a vote draft decision I, entitled -Harmonization of the statutes, rules and practices of the administrative tribunals of the International Labour Organisation and of the United Nations·. May I take it that the Assembly wishes to do the same? Draft decision I was'adopted. The PRESmmT: Draft decision 1I, entitled "Report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions", was also adopted by the Committee without a vote. May I take it that the Assenbly wishes to do likewise? Draft decision 11 was adopted. The PRESIDENT, That concludes the Assenbly's consideration of agenda item 126. The meeting rose at 7.40 p.m.