A/33/PV.108 General Assembly

The General Assembly will now continue to hear those representatives who wish to explain their vote before the vote on draft resolution A/33/L.37 and Add.I.

The General Assembly will now continue to hear those representatives who wish to explain their vote before the VGte on draft resolution A/33/L.37 and Add.1. 3. In voting for' the draft resolution which is before us, however, we should like to explain now, as we have done before, the predicament in which we find ourselves. With regard to the application of enforcement measures against South Africa, including sanctions under Chapter VII, as envisaged in operative paragraph 12 of this draft resolution, Botswana is compelled by regrettable circumstances beyond its control to reserve its position. Our delicate and sensitive geographical position vis-a-vis South Africa makes our economic survival extremely precarious. H: is for that reasca-and for that reason alone-that we are reservingour position. 2. Mr. M. MODISI (Botswana): Botswana will support draft resolution A/33/L.37 of 25 May 1979. Botswana's support for Namibia's liberation should by now be well Known and, therefore, needs no reiteration on my part. May I state only that Botswana's support for the cause of the Namibian people will continue until that country is liberated from the illegal occupation of racist South Africa. 3. In voting for· the draft resol~tion· which is before us, however, we should like to explain now, as we have done before, the predicament in which we fmd ourselves. With regard tfl the application of enforcement measures against South Africa, including sanctions under Chapter VII, as enVisaged in operative paragraph 12 of this draft resolution, Botswana is compelled by regrettable circumstances beyond its control to reserve its positiol1. Our delicate and sensitive geographical position vis-a-vis South Africa makes our economic survival extremely precarious. H: is for that reasa.J.-and for that rea30n alone-that we are reserving our position. 1839 A/33/PV.I0S NfW Y05tK 6. Our affIrmative vote must be seen in the context of the Namibian situation as a whole. It is clear that that situation has reached a stage where it is necessary to exert the greatest possible pressure on South Africa to make it accep the principles laid down by the world community for a solution of the Namibian problem. The draft resolution ill" clear expression of the frustration now prevailing at South Africa's refusal to comply with those principles. We shar that frustration. 4. As I have already stated, our reservation on operative paragraph 12 of the draft resolution in no way affect!; our well-known support for the valiant struggle ofthe Namibian people t~ achieve genume independence.

My delegation will vote in favour of the draft resolution before us. We do so irl spite of serious reservation£ as regards some of its provisions. 6. Our affIrmative vote must be seen in the context of the Namibian situation as a whole. It is clear that that situation has reached a stage where it is necessary to exert the greatest possible pressure on South Africa to make it accept the principles laid down by the world community for a solution of the Namibian problem. The draft resolution ill" a clear expression of the frustration now prevailing at South Africa's refusal to comply with those principles. We share that frustration. 7. The draft resolution also reflects the determination o the United Nations to uphold its legal authority ove Namibia and to prevent South Africa from imposin solutions upon the Namibian people which are not con sistent with those established principles. We share tha determination. In our view, one of those principles is and must be that no party enjoying popular support should b excluded from taking part in the process of independence and from being a potential bearer of government of the new nation. The South West Africa People's Organizatio [SWAPO] is such a party. 7. The draft resolution also reflects the determination of the United Nations to uphold its legal authority over Namibia and to prevent South Africa from imposing solutions upon the Namibian people which are not consistent with those established principles. We sh:rre that determination. In our view, one of those principles is and must be that no party enjoying popular support should be excluded from taking part in the process of independence and from being a potential bearer of government of the new nation. The South West Africa People's Organization [SWAPO] is such a party. 8. I must now record the reservations that we have. Th draft resolution could, in our view, have better reflected basic principle that we think should still prevail, namely that we must persist in exploring every possible peacefu alternative to further and support the legitimate interests o the whole Namibian people. 9. In its statement before the General Assembly [JOIs meeting]; my delegation particularly stressed that th Security Council must live up to its responsibility fo bringing renewed pressure to bear upon South Africa. Th responsibility is. squarely placed upon the Council b operative paragraph 12 of the present draft resolution. O this point we would simply like to add that it must be le to the Council itself to decide on specific measure Sanctions can be truly effr ;ive only when they have wid support. In particular, they must have the support of thos States which are important to South Africa in its inte national relations. 8. I must now record the reservations that we have. The draft resolution could, in our view, have better reflected a basic principle that we think should still prevail, namely, that we must persist in exploring every possible peaceful alternative to further and support the legitimate interests of the whole Namibian people. 9. In its statement before the General Assembly [JOIst meeting]; my delegation particularly stressed that the Security Council must live up to its responsibility for bringing renewed pressure to bear upon South Africa. This responsibility is. squarely placed upon the CooocR by operative paragraph 12 of the present draft resolution. On this point we would simply like to add that it must be left to the Council itself to decide on specific measures. Sanctions can be trulyefff' ;ive only when they have wide support. In particular, they must ha.ve the support of those States whtch are important to South Africa in its international relations. 10. My'delegation has particular reservations with regar to the last preambular paragraph; and operative paragraph 1 and 9. As we have stated on many previousoccasions, w 1839 A/33/PV.IO 10. My·delegation has particular reservations with regard to thl,,; last preambular paragraph; and operative paragraphs 1 and 9. As we have stated on many previous occasions, we solutioE~ to international conflicts. The Charter defines the circumstances in which there may be resort to the use of force and places the primary responsibility for undertaking or endorsing acticn by force upon the Security Council. The Charter provisions in this regard are of fundamental importance in the view of my Gf)vernment. Support for the use of force, where such support is not based on Charter provisions, could have serious consequences. Operative p:1Iagraph 9 of the present draft resolution which provides for such support-calling upon Member States to render military assistance to the struggle for liberation-represents a significant further difficulty. 11. Despite these reservations, which are serious, we feel that, in the present situation, we must support the over-all thrust of the draft resolution. Our vote in favour of this draft resolution is an expression of our support for the need, under the present extraordinary circumstances, to bring the strongest possible pressure to bear on South Africa,

The Assembly has heard the last speaker in explanation of vote before the vote, and we shall now take a vote on draft resolution A/33/L.37 and Add.1, entitled "Question of Namibia". A recorded vote has been requested. 11. Despite these reservations, which are serious, we feel that, in the present situation, we must support the over-all thrust of the draft resolution. Our vote in favour of this draft resolution is an expression of our support for the n~ed, under the present extraordinary circumstances, to bring the strongest possible pressure to bear on South Mrica.

The Assembly has heard the last speaker in explanation of vote before the vote, and we shall now take a vote on draft resolution Aj33jL.37 and Add.I, entitled "Question of Namibia". A recorded vote has been requested.

solution in Namibia can ga unless it is based on free and Nations supervision and co Norwegian Government has g negotiating initiative by the fiv pleased to see that this initiati settlement proposal which wa the Security Council.

I shall now.call on those representatives who wish to explain their votes after the v\)te.

Norway recognizes that no solution in Namibia can gain international recognition unless it is based on free and fair elections under United Nations supervisr,)!l and control. For this reason the Norwegian Government has given its full support to the negotiating initiative by the five Western countries. We were pleased to see that this initiative led to the submission of a settlement proposal which was subsequently endorsed by the Security Council. 15. The Norwegian delegatio draft resolution just adopted lying and 'serious concern ove therein. We do believe, howeve have not yet been exhausted. A in this debate on 25 May [10 new efforts be undertaken to b order to fmd a peaceful so Security Council resolution 435 16. This being said, I shoul general observation pertaining adopted. 15. The Norwegian delegation has voted in favour of the draft resolution just adopted because we share the underlying and ·serious concern over the present impasse voiced therein. We do believe, however, that all negotiating efforts have not yet been exhausted. As we stated in our statement in this debate on 25 May [l02nd meeting], we urge that new efforts be undertaken to break the existing deadlock in order to fmd a peaceful solution in accordance with Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 17. The Norwegian Governm cated in the United Nations means. We reiterate this pr accordance with fundamental United Nations Charter. It h condone formulations which armed force. Accordingly, we tions on the eighth preambu paragraphs 1 and 9. In accor policy the Norwegian Governm to provide humanitarian an SWAPO. 16. This being said, I should also like to make another general observation pertaining to the draft resolution just adopted. 17. The Norwegian Government has consistently advocated in the United Nations political change by peaceful means. We reiterate this principle today, which is in accordance with fundamental principles contained in the United Nations Charter. It has been our position not to condone formulations which explicitly endorse the use of armed force. Accordingly, we want to enter our reservations on the eighth preambular paragraph, and operative paragraphs 1 and 9. In accordance with its long-standing policy the Norwegian Government will, however, continue to provide h.uma.,itarian and economic assistance to SWAPO. 18. At this critical juncture Africa it ought to be an impo Nations membership as a w possible support for an end occupatio.n of Namibia by al United Nations Charter. We sh tendencies to split the memb Instead, we should_try to crea greater effectiveness, in our 18. At this critical juncture in the history of southern Africa it ought to be cm important concern to the United Nations membership as a whole to create the broadest possible support for an end to South Mrica's illegal occupatio.n of Namibia by all means prOVided for in the United Nations Charter. We should, therefore, guard against tendencies to split the membership of this Organization. Instead, we should_try to create greater unity and thereby greater effectiveness, in our plirsliit of genuine indepen- 1 The delegations of Djibouti, subsequently informed the Secre their votes recorded as having been 1 The delegations of Djibouti, Lebanon, Pakistan and Somaiia subsequently informed the Secretariat that they wished to have their votes recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. 20. Understanding the impatience of those who have been deprived of their right to independence for so 10:1S M1 who are now pressing for a solution by all means at their disposal, Austria has, however, explained also that we can only support change by peaceful means through negotiation and that it is the view of the Austrian Government that a durable solution can be found on that basisonly. 21. Austria unswervingly supports the aims and goals of the resolution before us, However, because of certain elements contained in the text which are contrary to our convictions, we had much to our regret-and I say this with all sincerity-to abstain in the vote on the draft resolution before us. I should like to refer specifically to operative paragraph 9, calling upon all States to provide military assistance to SWAPO. Austria, due to its internationally recognized status of permanent neutrality and the relevant provisions in its Constitution, cannot actively support sush a request. However, I should like to add that my Government will also in the future continue its humanitarian and political support for all those who are fighting for an independent Namibia. 20. Und~rstanding the impatience of those who have been deprived of their right to independence for so Ions m1 who are now pressing for a solution by all means at their disposal, Austria has, however, explained also that we can only support change by peaceful means through negotiation and that it is the view of the Austrian Governmeilt that a durable solution can be found on that basis only. 21. Austria unswervingly supports the aims and goals of the resolution before us, However, because of certain elements contained in the text which are contrary to our coravictions, we had much to our regret-and I say this with all sincerity-to abstain in the vote cn the draft resolution before us. I should like to refer specifically to operative paragraph 9, calling upon an States to provide military assistance to SWAPO. Austria, due to its internationally recognized status of permanent neutcality and the relevant provisions in its Constitution, cannot actively support su;:h a request. However, I should like to add that my Government will also in nle future continue its humanitarian and political support for all those who are fighting for an independent Namibia.

I call on the representative of France, who will speak on behalf of the nine members of the European Economic Community.

The nine member countries of the European Economic Community abstained in the vote just taken on draft resolution A/33/L.37. However, as they indicated in their joint statement on 29 May{103rd meeting, pa:-as. 45-54), they fully share the very serious concern which the situation in Namibia has caused the Assembly. To the extent that it reflects these concerns, a number of the provisions in the resolution which was adopted meet with our approval. This is true ofthe reuqest which wasmade to all States, for example, not to recognize the National Assembly which was the outcome of the consultations held in Namibia in December 1978.

i call on the representative of France, who will speak on behalf of the nine members of the European Economic Community.

The nine member countries of the European Economic Community abstained in the vote just taken on draft resolution A/33/L.37. However, as they indicated in their joint statement on 29 May {I03rd meeting, pa~. 45-54), they fully share the very serious concern which the situation in Namibia has caused the Assembly. To the extent that it reflects these concerns, a number of the provisions in the resolution which was adopted meet with our approval. This is true ofthe reuqest which was made to all States, for example, not to recognize the National Assembly which was the outcome of the consultations held in Namibia in December 1978. 24. The nine countries, I hardly need to recall, are firmly opposed to any proposed settlement which is not recognized internationally and which therefore will condemn Namibia to isolation. 24. The nine countries, I hardly need to recall, are firmly opposed to any proposed settlement which is not recognized internationally and which therefore will condemn Namibia to isolation. 26. However, other aspects of the resolution which has just been adopted, particularly the support which was expressed for armed struggle, are not in accordance with tht: I'osition held by our Governments. The nine Governments remain conviitced that the United Nations should encourage a peaceful solution to the prob!em-a negotiated solution. Therefore, we support the plan for a solution based on Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), and also hope that no effort will be spared to make it possible for this plan to be swiftly implemented~- 27. If there is any chance of bringing about in Namibia democratic' transition, an internationally acceptable transi tion, we should preserve it. But we should also remind th South Mrican Government, \\Wlsome insistence, that w expect it to suit its actions to its words by a-eeptin with.out delay the implementation of Security Counc resolution 435 (1978). 28. Mr~ ANDERSON (Aust.ella): My delegation voted i favour of the draft resolutionjust adopted because we wis to reaffirm our strong support for its fundamental objectiv as a natural outcome of the mounting tide of world opinion which believes that South Africa should accept the Unite Nations proposal for a settlement. Our vote in favour i intended to add Australia's weight to this embodiment o world opinion. 27. If there is any chance of bringing about in Namibia a democratictransition, an internationally acceptable transition, we should preserve it. But we should also remind the South Mrican Go'!ernment, \\,tn some insistence, that we expect it to suit its actions to its words by a·-.:epting with.out delay the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 29. At the same time. I must express a number o reservations on particular points in the resolution. First, w cannot endorse violent methods in pursuing the outcom which we all earnestly desire in Namibia. Secondly, Whil we recognize the status of SWAPO as a major voice o Namibian aspirations, Australia does not regard SWAPO a the sole and authentic representative of the Namibia people. We doubt also whether such terminology a "puppets" and "puppet regime" contributes to a calm atmosphere at this critical juncture, although my Govern ment continues to regard the December 1978 elections a null and void. 28. Mr~ ANDERSON (Aust~>:'Ua): My delegation voted in favou.. of the draft resolution just adopted because we wIsh to reaffirm our strong support for its fundamental objective as a natural outcome of the mounting tide of world opinion which believes that South Africa should accept the United Nations proposal for a settlement. Our vote in favour is intend~d to add Australia's weight tu this embodiment of world opinion. 29. At the same time, I must express a number of reservations on particular points in the resolution. First, we cannot endorse violent methods in pursuing the outcome which we all earnestly desire in Namibia. Secondly, while we recognize the status of SWAPO as a major voice of Namibian aspirations, Australia does not regard SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. We doubt also whether such terminology as "puppets" and "puppet regime" contributes to a calm atmosphere at this critical juncture, although my Government continues to regard the December 1978 elections as null and void. 30. Finally, with regard to operative paragraph 12, whi we are aware of the sentiments behind such formulation we do not see it as the proper function of the Gener Assembly to call upon the Security Council to tak mandatory measures under Chapter VU ofthe Charter.

My delegation ha voted in favour of this draft resolution to express O strong support for an end to South Africa's illegal occup tion of Namibia. The South AfricanGovernment has defIe world opinion for over 30 years on this question. The hope which had been raised by the outcome of long and patien negotiations over the past·two years have againbeen dashe by the South African Government's rejection of the Unite Nations plan for a peaceful settlement of the dispute. It intolerable that South Africa, which continues to occup Namibia illegally despite the opinion given by the Inte national Court of Justice eight years ago, should still toda bemakingits own plans for the future of the Territory. 30. Finally, with regard to operative paragraph 12, while we are aware of the sentiments behind such formulations, we do not see it as the proper function of the General Assembly to call upon the Security Council to take mandatory measures under Chapter VU ofthe Charter.

My delegation has voted in favour of this draft resolution to express our strong support for an end to South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia. The South African Government has defied world opinion for over 30 years on this questinn. The hopes which had been raised by the outcome of long and patient negotiations over the past two years have again been dashed by the South African Government's rejection of the United Nations plan for a peaceful settlement of the dispute. It is intolerable that South Africa, which continues to occupy Namibia illegally despite the opinion given by the International Court of Justice eight years ago, should still today be making its own plans for the future of the Territory. 34. In my statement at the l04th meeting I put forward in some detail the position of the Finnish Government on the question of Namibia. The thrust of that position is our support for the efforts to arrive at a peaceful settlement consonant with Security Council resolution 385 (1976). My Government remains· convinced that a peaceful solution based on negotiations still represents the best course available of bringing about the early independence of Namibia. We maintain this conviction despite 1te present impasse; and to get out of that impasse, which is due to the attitude of the Government ofSouth Africa, it is up to that Government to give without any further delay an unequivocal reply which will make it possible for the United Nations plan to be implemented.

In the vote just taken the Finnish delegation, a member of the United Nations Council for Namibia, voted in favour ofthe draft resolution. We did so in spite of serious reservations similar to those voiced earlier by the representatives of Sweden and Nurway. 34. In my statement at the l04th meeting I put forward in some detail the position of the Finnish Government on the question of Namibia. The thrust of that position is our support for the efforts to arrive at a peaceful settlement consonant with Security Council resolution 385 (1976). My Government remains convinced that a peaceful solution based on negotiations still represents the best course available of bringing about the early independence of Namibia. We maintain this conviction despite j}e present impasse; and to get out of that impasse, which is due to the attitude of the Government ofSouth Africa, it is up to that Government to give without any further delay an unequivocal reply which will make it possible for the United Nations plan to be implemented. J5. Finland is deeply convinced that the role of the United Nations is to seek peaceful solutions to international problems. This is a position of principle, therefore it is not subject to change whatever the time, whatever the situli-· tion, whatever the experience. Consequently we cannot condone the use of force in contexts which do not conform to the relevant Charter provisions. That is why we have not supported, and cannot now support, calls for armed struggle; nor is the call for military assistanceacceptable to us. 35. Finland is deeply convinced that the role of the United Nations is to seek peaceful solutions to international problems. This is a positiol~ of principle, therefore it is not subject to change whatever the time, whatever the situa-· tion, whatever the experience. Consequently we cannot condone the use of force in contexts which do not conform to the relevant Charter provisions. That is why we have not supported, and cannot now support, calls for armed struggle; nor is the call for military assistance acceptable to us. 36. We have supported SWAPO morally and materially by extending humanitarian assist-rce, and we shall continue to do so. Weshall also continue to support the United Nations Fund for Namibia and the Nationhood Programme for Namibia. 37. My delegation has consistently taken the view that the imposition of sanctions in accordance with the United Nations Charter falls exclusively within. the competence of the Security Council. 36. We have supported SWAPO morally and materially by extending humanitarian assist,.-te, and we shall continue to do so. We shall also continue to support the United Nations Fund for Namibia and the Nationhood Programme for Namibia.

Portugal feels th:Jt at this crucial stage in the process that will lead Namibia to independence the maximum restraint should be exercised so as not to endanger the prospects of peace. We are still hopeful that the South African Government will respond favourably to the latest proposals of the Secretary- General so that the United Nations plan for Namibia may be implemented without further: delay. Our. abstention should thus be interpreted as meaning that South Africa should be given one more chance to ponder over the 37. My delegation has consistently taken the view that the imposition of sanctions in accordance with the United Nations Charter falls exclUsively within the competence of the Security Council.

Portugal feels th:Jt at this crucial stage in the process that will lead Namibia to independenC\;l the maximum restraint should be exercised so as not to endanger the prospects of peace. We Me still hopeful that the SUuth African Government will respond favourably to the latest proposals of the Secretary- General so that the United Nations plan for Namibia may be implemented without furthet: delay. Our abstention should thus be interpreted as meaning that South Africa should be given one more chance to ponder over the

On behalf of the Danish delegation, I should like to stress our agreement with the principal aim of the resolution just adopted. 41. Until we know the result of this fin must be made very soon-steps should b might frustrate our common wish for a p Such a solution, in our opinion, is still withi 40. We fully share the growing concern about South Africl!'~ attempt to hinder the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). We believe strongly that a decisive effort must now be made to obtain South Africa's acceptance in no uncertain terms of a negotiated solution along the lines worked out by the Secretary-General. 42. Much to our regret, the resolutio contains a number of points which made reasons of principle for us to vote for elaborate since our reservations were fully explanation of vote on resolution 33/182 1978 [91st meeting, paras. 13()'136j. as explanation of vote just given by the r France on behalf of the nine members o Community. 41. Until we know the result of this final effort-which must be made very soon-steps should be avoided that might frustrate our common wish for a peaceful solution. Such a solution, in our opinion, is still within reach. 42. Much to our regret, the resolution just adopted contains a fillmber of points which made it impossible for reasons of principle for us to vote for it. I need not elaborate since our reservations were fully explain~d in ouexplanation of vote on resolution 33/182 of 21 Decs',lher 1978 /91st meeting, paras. 13()'136j, as well as in the explanation of vote just given by the representative of France on behalf of the nine members of the European Community. 43. Mr. CUEVAS CANCINO (Mexico) from Spanish): The Mexican delegation vo the draft resolution on the question of became General Assembly resolution 33/ have nothing against the content of either or the operative part. 44. In the opinion of my delegation resolution is short-sighted and seems to ha and the purpose of the General Assembly i question of Namibia.

The Mexican delegation voted in favour of the draft resolution on the question of Namibia which became General Assembly resolution 33/206 because we have nothing against the content of either th~ preambular or the operative part. 45. In its operative paragraphs the resolut requesting the international community, o to refrain from according any recognition which South Africa may impose upon the N and, on the oilier, to give increased supp Poth actions are correct, but are very far f solution to the Namibian problem. 44. In the opinion of my delegation, however, the resolution is short-sighted and seems to have lost the sense and the purpose of the General Assembly in relation to the question of Namibia. 46. In the final paragraph of the opera resolution the General Assembly specifica application of sanctions as provided for in the Charter, ignoring the fact that similar ac been thrice rejected by the Security Counci 45. [n its operative paragraphs the resolution is limited to requestin~ the international community, on the one hand, to refrain from according any :ecognition to any regime which South Africa may impose upon the Namibian people and, on the oilier, to give increased support to SWAPO. .coth actions are correct, but are very far from providing a solution to the Namibian problem. 47. TLe delegation of Mexico wishes to ex that no specific action which the General Security Council tries to take will be effec is genuine political will on the part of the of this Organization to give effect to the so 46. In the final paragraph of the operative part of the resolution the General Assembly specifically requests the application of sanctions as prOVided for in Chapt~r VU of the Charter, ignoring the fact that similar action has already been thrice rejectec by the Security Council. 47. TLe delegation of Mexico wishes to express its opinion that no specific action which the General Assembly or the Security Council tries to take will be effective unless there is genuine political will on the part of the States Members of this Organization to give effect to the sovereignty of the

My Government's position with regard to South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia has been clearly stated in this Assembly on previous occasions. Ireland strongly and without reservation condemns South Africa for its continued flaunting of the expressed wishes of the international community as a whole in this regard. It is our firm conviction that the people of Namibia must be free to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination, on the basis of territorial integrity, as prOVided for in resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) of the Security Council. 49. My delegation therefore supports the general objectives of this resolution and reiterates its view that further delay by South Africa in the implementation of the Secretary-General's plan for the independence of Namibia will have the most serious consequences. In this regard, I fully share the views expressed by the Ambassador of France in the statement which he made to this Assembly on behalf of the nine member States of the European Economic Community on 29 May, and I ..Iso fully associate myself with the further statement on behalf of the nine members which he has made today.

My delegatioo's vote has already been explained in the statement made by the representative of France on behalf of the nine members of the European Community. In addition thereto we should like to state the following. 49. My delegation therefore supports the general objectives of this resolution and reiterates its view that further delay by South Africa in the implementation of the Secretary-General's plan for the independence of Namibia will have the most serious consequences. In this regard, I fully share the views expressed by the Ambassador of France in the statement which he made to this Assembly on behalf of the nine member States of the European Economic Community on 29 May, and I ",Iso fully associate myself with the further statement on behalf of the nine members wh~ch he has made today_ 50. My delegation understands well the feelings of frustration and anger on the part of many delegations on this issue. We share the graveconcern of this Assembly at recent moves which appeared to be aimed in the direction of an internal settlement. Such a settlement would be regarded by my Government as totally unacceptable, being in clear violation of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), and could not obtain international recognition. We believe that the international community as a whole shares this view. 54. The United Nations has through its different organs repeatedly called upon South Africa to relinquim the power over Namibia that it has illegally ret;lined since 1966. The Netherlands accepted the fact that the plan of the five Western countries, adopted through Security Council resolution 435 (1978), would provide the best way of achieving self-determination and national independence for the Namibian p~ople. Consequently my Government has supported and continues to support the persistent efforts to realize agreement among the parties directly concerned. 50. My delegation understands well the feelings of frustration and anger on the part of many delegations on this issue. We share the grave concern of this Assembly at recent moves which appeared to be aimed in the direction of an internal settlement. Such a settlement would be regarded by my Government as totally unacceptable, being in clear violation of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), and could not obtain international recognition. We believe that the international community as a whole shares this view. 51. My delegation nevertheless found itself unable to cast a positive vote because of the inclusion in the text of certain references which my Government would not wish to endorse. Even though it is very difficult to be optimistic at this time, we feel that a final effort must be made by all concerned to reach a negotiated settlement. My Government would not be able to endorse the reference to armed struggle contained in the final preambular paragraph and the attendant reference to military aid contained in operative paragraph 9. In our view, the efforts of the international community should be channelled through all organs of the United Nations so that our Organization may, in accordance with its Charter, make a positive contribution to the achievement of peace and justice for the Namibian people with the minimum of suffering for those who must daily live with the practical implications of this most critical situation. 55. Recent developments have, however, cast grave doubts on the willingness of South Africa to implement Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), which call for independence for the Namibian people on the basis of internationally supervised elections. The unilateral build-up of internal structures in the Territory during recent months is a clear defiance of the international community. [ wish to recall in this respect that the nine members of the European Community declared on 21 December 1978 that they would not recognize the outcome of the internal elections held during that month, which they considered null and void {91st meeting, paras. 67-68j. 51. My delegation nevertheless found itself unable to cast a positive vot~ because of the inclusion in the tex\. of certain references which my Government would not wish to endorse. Even though it is very difficult to be optimistic at this time, we feel that a final effort must be made by all concerned to reach a negotiated settlement. My Government would not be able to endorse the reference to armed struggle contained in the final preambular paragraph and the attendant reference to military aid contained in operative paragraph 9. In our view, the efforts of the international community should be channelled through all organs of the United Nations so that our Organization may, in accordance with its Charter, make a positive contribution to the achievement of peace ;md justice for the Na..r:libian people with the minimum of suffering for those who must daily live with the practical implications of this most critical situation. 56. As was stated during this debate by the representative of France, speaking again on behalf of the nine member States of the European Community, the Government of South Africa must decide without further delay whether it agrees to the latest proposals by the Secretary-General for the implementation of the settlement plan of the five Western countries. My Government trusts that the South African Governnlent is aware of the consequences in the event ofits choosing not to co-operate. 52. In conclusion, my delegation remains committed to supporting the efforts of the Secretary-General, the five Western countries and the front-line States in their search for a peaceful end to South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia and the early achievement by that Territory of genuine independence on the basis of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978). My delegation, while supporting the broad objectives of the present 52. In conclusion, my delegation remains committed to suPpo.rting the efforts of the Secretary-General, the five Western countries and the front-line States in their search for a peacefUl end to South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia and the early achievement by that Territory of genuine independence on the basis of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978). My delegation, while supporting the broad objectives of the present

My deleg~tioo's vote has already been explained in the statement made by the representative of France on behalf of the nine members of the European Community. In addition thereto we should like to state the following. 54. The United Nations has through its different organs repeatedly called upon South Africa to relinquish the power over Namibia that it has illegallyretained since 1966. The Netherlands accepted the fact that the plan of the five Western countries, adopted through Security Council resolution 435 (1978), would provide the best way of achieving self-determination and national independence for the Namibian people. Consequently my Government has supported and continues to support the persistent efforts to realize agreement among the parties directly concerned. 55. Recent developments have, however, cast gravedoubts on the willingness of South Africa to implement Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), which call for independence for the Narnibian people on the basis of internationally supervised elections. The unilateral build-up of internal structures in the Territory during recent months is a clear defiance of the international community. I wish to recall in this respect that the nine members of the European Community declared on 21 December 1978 that they would not recognize the outcome of the internal elections held during that month, which they considered null and void{91st meeting; paras. 67-68J. 56. As was stated during this debate by the representative of France, speaking again on behalf of the nine member States of the European Community, the Government of South Africa must decide without further delay whether it agrees to the latest proposals by the Secretary-General for the implementation of the settlement plan of the five Western countries. My Government trusts that the South African Government is aware of the consequences in the event ofits choosing not to co-operate. 57. The Netherlands also insists that the transfer ofpower by South Africa to the self-impo'ied authority in Namibia should cease forthwith. My delegation wishes to state that the Netherlands will not accord recognition to any suCh authority that is not the outcome ofelections undeiUnifed Nations supervision in which all parties in Namibia are allowed to participate. An internal settlement will not meet the requirements for international recognition. Furthermore, such a course must be considered dangerous to international peace and security. It will not fail to increase 57_ The Netherlands also insists that the transfer ofpower by South Africa to the self-impo'ied authority in Namibia should cease forthwith. My delegation wishes to state that the Netherlands will not accord recognition to any suCh authority that is not the outcome ofelections undeiUnifed Nations supervision in which all parties in Namibia are allowed to participate. An internal settlement will n!lt meet the requirements for international recognition. 'FurthermOfp., such a course must be considered dangerous to international peace an4 security. It will not fail to increase 58. My delegation regrets, however, that certain passages ma}{e it impossible to support this text fully. Thus, in the first place, we continue to oppose language that would imply encouragement by the United Nations of the use of force; in particular we object to the invitation contained in operative paragraph 9 to grant military a.~sistance to SWAPO. Secondly, as we have stated before, my delegation considers that SWAPO's claini to be the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people prejudices the outcome of the free and fair elections called for in Council resolution 385 (1976). Notwithstanding the fact that we consider SWAPO a significant political force in the Territory, that is our position. Thirdly, but not least important, pending the further steps that the five Western Governments may wish to take, the Netherlands does not yet consider that the moment has come for enforcement measures. But I would repeat what has been said on an earlier occasion: if the mediation defmitely fails, the Netherlands will be ready to support action by the Security Council. 59. This being the case, we think it the more unfortunate that we have had to abstain, since a consensus text at this juncture would have constituted an impressive expression of the will of the General Assembly on the future of Namibia.

I should like to explain briefly the reasons for our abstention in the vote that has just been held. This was not due to any change in our position or indeed to a lack of solidarity with the Namibian people, whose valiant struggle for independence we have followed with the greatest sympathy and admiration, as we demonstrated by our vote in favour of a series of resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and also by the contributions we have made to various United Nations programmes for the Territory. Our abstention was due to the fact that the resolution that has just been adopted appears to close the door once and for all to the efforts of the five Western countries to bring about a negotiated solution of the problem. In the opinion of the Greek Government, however, the possibility of negotiation should remain open as long as there is a glimmer of hope remaining, however dim it may be; because the alternative-in other words, armed confrontation-can only involve suffering and sacrifice for all those who are caught up in the trammels of war and, first and foremost, for the Narnibian people themselves. 59. This being the case, we think it the mo,e unfortunate that we have had to abstain, since a consensus text at this juncture would have constituted an impressive expression of the will of the General Assembly on the future of Namibia.

I should like to explain briefly the reasons for our abstention in the vote that has just been held. This was not due to any change in our position or indeed to a lack of solidarity with the Namibian people, whose valiant struggle for independence we have followed with the greatest sympathy and admiration, as we demonstrated by our vote in favour of a series of resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and also by the contributions we have made to various United Nations programmes for the Territory. Our abstention was due to the fact that the resolution that has just been adopted appears to close the door once and for all to the efforts of the five Western countries to bring about a negotiated solution of the problem. In the opinion of the Greek Government, however, the possibility of negotiation .should remain open as long as there is a glimmer of hope remaining, however dim it may be; because the alternative-in other words, armed confrontation-can only involve suffering and sacrifice for all those who are caught up in the trammels of war and, first and foremost, for the Namibian people themselves. 61. However, if even this ultimate hope is dashed in the near future, Greece will stand fully behind the people of Namibia in their ongoing struggle. 62.. Mr. URQUIA (El Salvador) (interpretation from Spanish): Our explanation of vote in favour of the resolution adopted at this meeting is as follows. In 61. However, if even this ultimate hope is dashed in the near future, Greece will stand fully behind the people of Namibia in their ongoing struggle. 62.. Mr. URQUlA (El Salvador) (interpretation [rom Spanish): Our explanation of vote in favour of the resolution adopted at this meeting is as follows. In 63. In particular, in resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978) the Security Council laid down clear guidelines as to how 'the political process in Namibia should be conducted in order for it to achieve full independence. None the less, the consistently stubborn attitude of the Pretoria regime has reaffirmed the international community's conviction that South Africa is prepared to maintain its domination over Namibia through a government independent only in appearance and that it is determined to continue to exploit the natural resources of that Territory for its own benefit. 64. The only legitimate way to achiev been, and still is, through a process w sectors of the Namibian population c their will under United Nations supervis guarantee the total separation of the T of course, the Walvis Bay area, and to independent State. The five Western Sta Security Council have made praisewor South Africa accept this kfud of. solut ./'_. during the negotiations was it felt ·tha ready to proceed on the basis of th Western States and the suggestions General, Mr. Waldheim, whom we m constant concern and many efforts to fi to this problem, which undoubtedly tional peace and security. 64. The only legitimate way to achieve a settlement has been, and still is, through a process whereby the various sectors of the Namibian population could freely express their will under United Nations supervision in order thus to guarantee the total separat~on of the Territory; including, of course, the Walvis Bay area, and to set up a sovereign independent State. The five Western States members of the Security Council have made ,Praisewo.rthy efforts to have South Africa accept this kfud of. solution, but at no time during the negotiations was it feltthat South Africa was ready to proceed on the basis of the plan of the five Western States and the suggestions of the Secretary- General, Mr. Waldheim, whom we must thank for his constant concern and many efforts to fmd a just settlement to this problem, which undoubtedly endangers international peace and security. 65. But, in view of South Africa's at Assembly has been left with no choic getically to condemn the Government Member of the United Nations, and t Council, under the authority vested in account of the circumstances, this time the international community, which is delays on a matter which should have b years ago. 65. But, in view of South Africa's attitude, the General Assembly has been left with no choice other than energetically to condemn the Government of that country, a Member of the United Nations, and to ask the Security Council, under the authority vested in it and taking due account of the circumstances, this time to heed ~he call of the international community, which is weary of the many delays on a matter which should have bet"n resolved many years ago. 66. For the reasons I have just put forw of El Salvador voted in favour of dra L,37. However, our delegation has som regard to various paragraphs in the draf them operative paragraphs 9 and 12, bu is important is the substance of the tex that issue we fully concur. 67. In particular, we wish to state for are fully aware of the importance and paragraph of the resolution, operative although we could have expressed observations on the way in which that conceived with reference to Articles Charter, which define the relationship b Assembly and the Security Council, we 66. For the re~ons I have just put forward, the delegation of El Salvador voted in favour of draft resolution A/33/ L.37. However, our delegation has some reservations with regard to various paragraphs in the draft resolution, among them operative paragraphs 9 and 12, but, in its view, what is important is the substance of the text as a whole, and on that issue we fully concur. 67. In particular, we wish to state for the record that we are fully aware of the importance and scope of the fmal paragraph of the resolution, operative paragraph 12, and, although we could have expressed some doubts and observations on the way in which that paragraph has been conceived with reference to Articles 10 and 12 of the

My delegation voted in favour of the draft resolution which has just been adopted because it fully shares the spirit of that text in that it reaffirms the responsibility of our Organization for the Territory of Namibia, which is illegally occupied by South Africa, and the right of the people of Namibia to self-determination, freedom and independence in a united Namibia. 69. None the less, we wish to repeat our appeal to the parties concerned to continue to endeavour to obtain a negotiated settlement of the conflict. Therefore, we wish to state our reservations with regard to those paragraphs in the resolution which seem to support armed struggle as the only possible solution, in particular the final preambula,: paragraph and operative paragraphs 1 and 9, which call upon States to provide military assistance aimed at stepping up the struggle. 69. None the less, we wish to repeat our appeal to the parties concerned to continue to endeavour to obtain a negotiated settlement of the conflict. Therefore, we wish to state our reservations with regard to those paragraphs in the resolution which seem to support armed struggle as the only po&sible solution, in particular the final preambula.· plll'agraph and operative paragraphs 1 and 9, which call upon States to provide military assistance aimed at stepping up the struggle. 70. Had it been possible, we should have liked a separate vote on those paragraphs, which we would have been unable to support. . 71. Mr. VARELA-QUIROS (Costa Rica) (interpretation from Spanish): Our delegation voted in favour of the draft resolution which has just been adopted. My delegation was not, however, a sponsor of that text because, in our view, it called upon Member States to offer military co-operation to the Namibian patriots in their just struggle for independence in Narn.i.ia. . 70. Had it been possible, we should have liked a separate vote on thoS(; paragraphs, which we would have been unable to support. 72. We feel that such an appeal constitutes an admission of the inability of the United Nations to act speedily and effectively to solve that delicate problem. We further consider that the use of force in international relations must not be recommended by the Assembly because it runs counter to the principles on which the Organization was established. Finally, we do not agree with the use of force in international relations because our country has most recently been the victim of threats of use of force. . 71. Mr. VARELA-QUIROS (Costa Rica) (interpretation from Spanish): Our delegation voted in favour of the draft resolution which has just been adopted. My delegation was not, however, a sponsor of that text because, in our view, it called upon Member States to offer military co-operation to the Namibian patriots in their just struggle for independence in Narr:::..ia. . 72. We feel that such an appeal constitutes an admission of the inability of the United Nations to act speedily and effectively to solve that delicatJ problem. We further consider that the use of force in international relations must not be recommeliderl by the Assembly because it runs counter to the principles on which the Organization was established. Finally, we do not agree with the use of force in international relations because our country has most recently been the victim of threats of use of force. 73. The problem of Namibia has to our mind not been approached in the right way by the United Nations. To us, it is not a matter of colonization but a clear case of usurpation of a Territory, as we said in our statement to the Assembly [I03rd meetingl, Such usurpation calls for immediate action by the Security Council, so that a proper settlement may be achieved as a matter of priority by adopting coercive measures if necessary, as called for in operative paragraph 12, which we fully support. 73. The problem of Namibia has to our mind not been approached in the right way by the United Nations. To us, it is not a matter of colonization but a clear case of usurpation of a Territory, as we said in our statement to the Assembly [I03rd meetingj. Such usurpation calls for immediate action by the Security Council, so that a proper settlement may be achieved as a matter of priority by adopting coercive measures if necessary, as called for in operative paragraph 12, which we fully support. 74. Mr. T6MASSON (Iceland): Iceland voted in favour of the draft resolution just adopted by the Assembly because the Icelandic Government is generally in agreement with the main thrust of the arguments set forth in the text and considers it timely to reiterate them once again at this time which is critical for further developments concerning the question of Namibia. 74. Mr. T6MASSON (Iceland): Iceland voted in favour of the draft resolution just adopted by the Assembly because the Icelandic Government is genera~y in agreement with the main thrust of the arguments set forth in the text and consid~rs it timely to reiterate them once again at thit' time which is critical for further developments concerning the question of Namibia.

The delegation of Guatemala voted in favour of draft resolution A/33/L.37 adopted by the Assembly. My delegation's favourable vote is in line with my Government's continuing concern over the existing situation of the pe~ple of Namibia. We believe that it is urgently necessary to ensure the full enjoyment of the inalienable rights of the Namibian people to selfdetermination, and to national independence in a united Namibia. We further believe, as a fundamental principle which caused us to vote in favour of this draft resolutionbecause we share its objectives and underlying principlesthat the United Nations has a direct responsibility to obtain for Namibia a settlement leading to full independence mid a democratic regime representative of the people of the Territory. 77. But we believe that it is essential that these principles should be implemented in accordance with the precepts governing this Organization, which was established precisely to achieve the preservation of peace and freedom, and the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of States. 78. Moreover, the rules governing our Organization clearly define the competence of the General Assembly and the Security Council, and also what is incumbent on each of those bodies in order to attain the fundamental objective of the Organization, the establishment of an international order under the rule of law. 77. But we believe that it is essential that these principles should be implemented in accordance with the precepts governing this Organization, which was established precisely to achieve the preservation of peace and freedom, and the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of States. 79. We voted for this draft resolution in the conviction that we were defending the principles and purposes on which the Charter is based. 78. Moreover, the rules governing our Organization clearly define the competence of the General Assembly and the Security Council, and also what is incumbent on each of those bodies in order to attain the fundamental objective of the Organization, the establishment of an international order under the rule of law. 80. We believe that a negotiated and peaceful settlement of this' situation is the best way of achieving the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. Therefore, we cannot support or endorse the reference to armed struggle in the eighth paragraph of the preamble of this draft resolution, because we believe that the Security Council has acted with wisdom and adopted the best approach to secure a settlemenc of the" situation, end consequently should continue its efforts as energetically as it can. 79. We voted for this draft resolution in the conviction that we were defending the principles and purposes on wllich the Charter is based. 80. We believe that a negotiated and peaceful settlement of this· situation is the best way of achieving the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. Therefore, we cannot support or endorse the reference to armed struggle in the eighth paragraph of the preamble of this draft resolution, because we believe that the Security Council has acted with wisdom and adopted the best approach to secure a settlement of the" situation, rnd consequently should continue its efforts as energetically as it can. 81. Furthermore, we feel that some paragraphs of this resolution contain political judgements which do not reflect the best method of obtaining a solution in accordance with the principles of the Charter. 82. Therefore, we wish to record our disagreement with those judgements and for this reason we must enter a reservation to operative paragraph 9. 81. Furthermore, we feel that some paragraphs of tllis resolution contain political judgements which do not reflect the best method of obtaining a solution in accordance with the principles of the Charter. 82. Therefore. we wish to record our disagreement with those judgements and for this reason we must enter a reservation to operativ~paragraph 9. 86. Mr. LUSAKA (Zambia), President of the United Nations Council for Namibia: There can be no question that this resumed session of the General Assembly has been a great success, and of great historical significance in the struggle for the liberation of Namibia from the clutches of illegal and beastly South African occupation, A most serious debate has taken place in which Member States have made clear their abhorrence and rejection of the manoeuvres of the South African regime designed to circumvent United Nations resolutions and impose a puppet regime on Namibia. 84. In the light of the foregoing consideratiOI~s, and in view of the principles involved, we voted for the resolution, but wish to enter the reservations to which I have referred.

We have heard the last speaker in explanation of vote after the vote. I now call on the President of the United Nations COUD.~i1 for Namibia. 86. Mr. LUSAKA (Zambia), President of the United Nations Council for Namibia: There can be no question that this resumed session of the General Assembly has been a great success, and of great historical significance in the struggle for the liberation of Narnicia from the clutches of illegal and beastly South African occ'c;iJation. A most serious debate has taken place in which Member States have made clear their abhorrence and rejection of the manoeuvres of the South African regime designed to circumvent United Nations resolutions and impose a puppet regime on Namibia. 87. ·The resolution just adopted by an overwhelming majority is a firm and eloquent expression of United Nations support for the legitimate struggle of the Namibian , people, under the leadership of SWAPO, for freedom and national independence. Indeed, the large number of sponsors of the draft resolution is, I believe, without precedent in the history of our Organization. 88. Mr. Presideu I deem it fitting that I should, in my capacity as President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, pay a tribute to you on this occasion for the skilful, wise and effective manner in which you have guided the deliberations of the General Assembly on the question of Namibia. I, personally, highly appreciate the enthusiastic interest demonstrated in this matter and the co-operation that you unreservedly extended to me both in the preparatory stages and during the resumed session itself. 87. ·The resolution just adopted by an overwhelming m'ljority is a firm and eloquent expression of United Nations support for the legitimate struggle of the Namibian , people, under the leadership of SWAPO, for freedom and national independence. Indeed, the large number of sponsors of the draft resolution is, I believe, without precedent in the history of our Organization. 88. Mr. Presidr ,(, I deem it fitting that J should, in my capacity as President of the United Nations Council fQr Namibia, pay a tribute to you on this occasion for the skilful, wise and effective manner in which you have gUided the deliberations of the General Assembly on the question of Namibia. I, personally, highly appreciate the enthusiastic interest demonstrated in this matter and the co-operation that you unreservedly extended to me both in the preparatory stages and during the resumed session itself. 89. The Secretary-General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, has, as usual, been most co-operative and helpful. Indeed, this was only to be expected of our distinguished Secretary-General, who has, in any case, always rendered full support to the Council for Namibia, and has striven tirelessly to give effect to United Nations resolutions on Namibia, including Security Council resolution 435 (I978). 90. In expressing their strong support for the struggle of the Namibian people for liberation, many Member States referred in their statements to the contribution of the United Nations Council for Namibia. I wish to acknowledge with deep appreciation the expression of support for the work of the Council and to reaffirm the determination of all its'members to work relentlessly and vigorously for the fulfilment of its mandate in accordance "ith the relevant United Nations resolutions. 89. The Secretary-General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, has, as usual, been most co-operative and helpful. Indeed, this was only to be expected of our distinguished Secretary·General, who has, in any case, always rendered full support to the Council for Namibia, and has striven tirelessly to give effect to United Nations resolutions on Namibia, including Security Council resolution 435 (I978). 90. In expressing their strong support for the struggle of the Namibian people for liberation, many Member States referred in their statements to the contribution of the United Nations Council for Namibia. I wish to ?cknowledge with deep appreciation the expression of support for the work of the Council and to reaffirm the determination of all its'members to work relentlessly and vigorously for the fulfIlment of its mandate in accordance "ith the relevant United Nations resolutions.

I thank the President of the United Nations Council fer Namibia for the kind words he addressed to me.

I thank the President of the United Nations Council fer Namibia for the kind words he addressed to me. 94. What has been demonstrated here is a spirit of commitment. It is the hope of the delegation of SWAPO that the spirit that has prevailed throughout the deliberations of the Assembly will be reflected at the various international conferences that are coming up very soon. In particular we refer to the meetings of the Co-ordinating Bureau of Non-Aligned Nations, to the Commonwealth meeting that will be taking place in Lusaka, and to the meetings of the Organization of African Unity. We are confident and hopeful that the self-same spirit of commitment that has been demonstrated here will also be reflected in those forums. 95. We also hope that, when the Sec we shall not be disappointed in a participated here and those who wi deliberations of the Security Council will display the same sense of comm spirit that they have displayed here. 96. During the deliberations here factor has been made very clear: that, d the five Western Powers and the ne taken place in the past two years, SW its way-I repeat, out of its way-to the hope that the Secretary-General United Nations plan, would be implem has the impression that that is unders few delegations here. On the othe emerged that South Africa is the cul the one responsible for the curre implementation of the United Nations case, I should like to put it on recor should expect SWAPO to make any m far as the plan of the Secretary-General 95. We also hope that, when the Security Council meets, we shall not be disappointed in all those who have participated here and those who will participate in the deliberations of the Security Council. We hope that they will display the same sense of commitment and the same spirit that they have displayed here. 96. During the deliberations here one very important factor has been made very clear: that, during the exercise of the five Western Powers and the negotiations that have taken place in the past two years, SWAPO has gone out of its way-I repeat, out of its way-to make concessions in the hope that the Secretary-General's plan, which is the United Nations plan, would be implemented. My delegation has the impression that that is understood by all but a very few delegations here. On the other hand, it has also emerged that South Africa is the culprit and, if anything, the one responsible for the current deadlock in the implementation of the United Nations plan. That being the case, I should like to put it on record here that nobody should expect SWAPO to make any more concessions in so far as the plan of the Secretary-General is concerned. 97. In this regard we were taken rath yesterday, Andrew Young of the Unite behalf of the five Western Powers, had quoting him I wish to exercise our righ "Similar difficulties have been notably by its loudly voiced mistr baseless charges of malfeasance, its a a call for a one-sided cease-fire so forces might pass freely into N themselves." /105th meeting, para. 2 97. In this regard we were taken rather by surprise when, yesterday, Andrew Young of the United States, speaking on behalf of the five Western Powers, had.this to say-and after quoting him I wish to exercise our right of reply: Since this statement comes from t initiated this exercise, it is rather puzzl we cannot see in what way it contri and secondly, and more importantly not have said it better than it was "SimUar difficulties have been created by SWAPO, notably by its loudly voiced mistrust of the West, its baseless charges of malfeasance, its absurd claims, such as a call for a one-sided cease-fire so that hundreds of its forces might pass freely into Namibia to establish themselves." /105th meeting, para. 2Z/ Since this statement comes from the very group that initiated this exercise, it is rather puzzling to us. First of all, wc cannot see in what way it contributes to tllis debate; and secondly, and more importantly, South Africa could not have said it better than it was said by Ambassador 98. On the two substantive issues-that is, the monitoring of SWAPO bases inside Namibia and the wishes of some to monitor SWAPO's bases outside Namibia, or their wishful thinking in that regard-we have this to say. SWAPO will not-I repeat, will not-allow its forces ~o be monitored outside Namibia. That was made clear during the meeting in March of the front-line States and SWAPO. Secondly, the plan expressly calls for SWAPO troops to be stationed and confmed to bases inside Namibia and for their monitoring. I make this categorically clear, because of late there have been circulating in United Nations corridors, as well as outside, rumours that SWAPO should, as some say, in the spirit of compromise abandon its insistence on confmement to its bases inside Namibia and on the monitoring of those bases. I repeat that that point is unacceptable to SWAPO. Our acceding to it would, if I may say so, be like negotiating with the lion over the price of its skin. If and when one acquired the skin of a lion, it would be dead. That is precisely what those prople are asking us to do. We say this because we do not want there to be any misunderstanding. 99. The time has come for the Security Council to take decisive punitive action as provided for under Chapter VII. It is our sincere hope that we are not going to be disappointed in this exercise. We are looking forward to the Security Council's taking effective action that would prove once and for all that South Africa will not be allowed to continue to defy the resolutions of this body with impunity. 100. In conclusion, my delegation wishes to thank the United Nations Council for Namibia and, in particular, Comrade Ambassador Lusaka. The Council is a partner of SWAPO in a united front to fight the Fascist regime of South Africa for the liberation of Namibia. Over the years it has done commendable work in putting Namibia on the map of the world, as it were. It is our sincere hope that, as in the past, we shall continue to work together with the Council and, in the same vein, that all those who support the cause of Namibia will extend equal support to the Council. 99. The time has come for the Security Council to take decisive punitive action as provided for under Chapter VII. It is our sincere hope that we are not going to be disappointed in this exerdse. We .are looking forward to the Security Council's taking effective action that would prove once and for all that South Africa will not be allowed to continue to defy the resolutions of this body with impunity. 100. In conclusion, my delegation wishes to thank the United Nations Council for Namibia and, in particular, Comrade Ambassador Lusaka. The Council is a partner of SWAPO in a united front to fight the Fascist regime of South Africa for the liberation of Namibia. Over the years it has done commendable work in putting Namibia on the map of the world, as it were. It is our sincere hope that, as in the past, we shall continue to work together with the Council and, in the same vein, that all those who support the cause of Namibia will extend equal support to the Council. 101. I should indeed be failing in my duty if I did not also commend the Secretary-General of the United Nations for his persistent efforts to have the United Nations plan implemented L'1 spite of the countless obstacles South Africa has placed in the way of the execution of his duties. 102. Last but not least, Mr. President, may [ take this opportunity on behalf of my delegation to convey to you our sincere thanks for your efficient conduct of the deliberations of this resumed session, which we all agree has been a total success. 101. I should indeed be failing in my duty if I did not also commend the Secretary-General of the United Nations for his persistent efforts to have the United Nations plan implemented L'1 spite of the countless obstacles South Africa has placed in the way of the execution of his duties. 102. Last but not least, Mr. President, may I take this opportunity on behalf of my delegation to convey to you our sincere thanks for your efficient conduct of the deliberations of this resumed session, which we all agree has been a total success. 104. I call first on the representative of Ghana, who will speak on behalf of the group of African States.

The vote we have just taken speaks eloquently for itself. Its full va,11;le, however, rests in the impact it will have on the entire situation in Namibia. The various constituencies of this Assembly have made their positions crystal clear. All, without exception, abhor apartheid, disagree with the South African leaders in their dangerous pursuits in Namibia, and, above all, are determined that decisive action shall be taken soon to put the Namibia question behind us once and for all. 106. We had hoped that Namibia would have joined the ranks of the comity of nations by the close of the International Year of Solidarity with the People of Namibia. That prospect remains as near as is made possible by the willingness of a few Member States to translate our verdict into concrete reality. Thus, from this moment, the world's attention focuses on the Security Council, expecting it, in the words of paragraph 12 of resolution 33/206, to uphold the General Assembly's purpose by convening 106. We had hoped that Namibia would have joined the ranks of the comity of nations by the close of the International Year of Solidarity with the People of Namibia. That prospect remains as near as is made possible by the willingness of a few Member States to translate our verdict into concrete reality. Thus, from this moment, the world's attention focuses on the Security Council, expecting it, in the words of paragraph 12 of resolution 33/206, to uphold the General Assembly's purpose by convening "... urgently to take enforcement measures against South Africa, as provided for under Chapter VII of the Charter, in order to ensure South Africa's compliance with the resolutions and decisions of the United Nations on Namibia." 107. Somehow, the incorrigible posture which the South African minority Government has managed to maintain with regard to Namibia over the years seems to have had the effect of mesmerizingthat regime's friends. to the point where the grave responsibilities which they should be carrying on on behalf of all humanity are left largely unassumed as they allow South Africa to exercise the veto from outside. Such Member States will do well to forsake this concubinage with South Africa and make common cause with our legitimate aspirations, thus helping to forestall the havoc so eloquently spelled out in the course of the general debate. "... urgently to take enforcement measures against South Africa, as prOVided for under Chapter VII of the Charter, in order to ensure South Africa's compliance with the resolutions and decisions of the United Nations on Namibia." 107. Somehow, the incorrigible posture which the South African minority Government has managed to maintain with regard to Namibia over the years seems to have had the effect of mesmerizing that regime's friends, to the point where the grave responsibilities which they should be carrying on on behalf of all humanity are left largely unassumed as they allow South Africa to exercise the veto from outside. Such Member States will do well to forsake this concubinage with South Africa and make common cause with our legitimate aspirations, thus helping to forestall the havoc so eloquently spelled out in the course of the general debate. 108. We hold that the Security Council was conceived to reflect the highest degree of world statesmanship in all its decisions, since it must not be less than a source of real hope to the threatened; it must strengthen justice and enlighten the world. Even in South Africa itself there certainly exists, within the racist minority, a silent majority, so far fed with lies, so long seized with fear. Here, then, is an urgent opportunity for the Security Council to act fearlessly, without favour, and in accordance with the expressed wishes of the peoples of the world, so that this evil named "apartheid" will be exorcised from our midst. We eagerly expect that, when it meets soon. the Security Council will launch the necessary measures.under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, to ensure, once and for all, that South Africa complies with the resolutions and decisions of the United Nations on Namibia. 108. We hold that the Security Council was conceived to reflect the highest degree of world statesmanship in all its decisions, since it must not be less than a source of real hope to the threatened; it must strengthen justice and enlighten the world. Even in South Africa itself there certainly exists, within the racist minority, a silent majority, so far fed with lies, so long seized with fear. Here, then, is an urgent opportunity for the Security Council to act fearlessly, without favour, and in accordance with the expressed wishes of the peoples of the world, so that this evil named "apartheid" will be exorcised from our midst. We eagerly expect that, when it meets soon, the Security Council will launch the necessary measures.under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, to ensure, once and for all, that South Africa complies with the resolutions and decisions of the United Nations on Namibia. 111. The immediate issue of utmost concern to all of us is the burning question of Namibia, which is the subject of the resumed session. For the past more than five months . the Government of South Africa has had time to ponder and weigh the consequences of its defiance and intransigence, and to come round and accept the implementation of the plans for the independence of Namibia, in accordance with Security Council resolution 435 (1978), but this has all been in vain. It is, therefore, regrettable that we are closing the session in the face of a very difficult and dangerous situation, which can only adversely affect peace and security in southern Africa. 111. The immediate issue of utmost concern to all of us is the burning question of Namibia, which is the subject of the resumed session. For the past more than five months . the Government of South Africa has had time to ponder and weigh the consequences of its defiance and intransigence, and to come round and accept the implementation of the plans for the independence of Namibia, in accordance with Security Council resolution 435 (1978), but this has all been in vain. It is, therefore, regrettable that we are closing the session in the face of a very difficult and dangerous situation, which can only adversely affect peace and security in southern Africa. 112. The resumed thirty-third session has shown only too clearly that no one is ready to tolerate the principles of this Organization being trampled upon with impunity by the South African regime. If I have injected a note of pessimism into the outcome of the session it is because the problems we are facing today are real and menacing. 113. The Mic!dle East issue, of which the Palestine question remains at the core, is far from being resolved. It . has been clearly shown again during this session that there can be~no lasting peace in the Middle East unless Israel withdraws from all occupied Arab territories and the Palestinians are accorded their just: and legitimate rights. 112. The resumed thirty-third session has shown only too clearly that no one is ready to tolerate the principles of this Organization being trampled upon with impunity by the South African regime. If I have injected a note of pessimism into the outcome of the session it is because the problems we are facing today are real and menacing. 114. In southern Africa and elsewhere the bastions of colonialism, racism and apartheid, through deception and devious manoeuvres, have set up puppet regimes and continue to rear their ugly heads with impunity. 113. The Mi~dle East issue, of which the Palestine question remains at the core, is far from being resolved. It has been clearly shown again during this session that there can be~ no lasting peace in the Middle East unless Israel withdraws from all occupied Arab territories and the Palestinians are accorded their just and legitimate rights. 115. On the economic side, the thirty-third session was able finally to resolve the lingering issue concerning the mandate of the Committee of the Whole Established under General Assembly Resolution 32/174, thus enabling the Committee to embark on its substantive work, much to the relief of delegations. Also, the session took a step forward with the adoption by consensus of two resolutions which were of vital importance to the majority of the Members of this Organization. I refer to the preparations for an international development strategy for the third United Nations development decade [resolution 33/193J, and to the conversion of UNIDO into a specialized agencyparticularly the latter, which, indeed, facilitated the successful outcome of the UNIDO plenipotentiary conference held last month in Vienna. Notwithstanding these p.ositive 114. In southern Africa and elsewhere the bastions of colonialism, racism and apartheid, through deception and devious manoeuvres, have set up puppet regimes and continue to rear their ugly heads with impunity. 115. On the economic side, the thirty-third session was able fmally to resolve the lingering issue concerning the mandate of the Committee of the Whole Established under General Assembly Resolution 32/174, thus enabling the Committee to embark on its substantive work, much to the relief of delegations. Also, the session took a step forward with the adoption by consensus of two resolutions which were of vital importance to the majority of the Members of this Organization. I refer to the preparations for an international development strategy for the third United Nations development decade [resolution 33/193J, and to the conversion of UNIDO into a specialized agencyparticularly the latter, which, indeed, facilitated the successful outcome of the UNlDO plenipotentiary conference held last month in Vienna. Notwithstanding ~ese p.ositive 116. Thf) thirty-third session has shown that there is still a continuous lack of political will. As pointed out by Mr. Kurt Waldheim, our Secretary-General, what we rll sorely need to make our Organization more effective is political will. We all require a spirit of accommodation, compromise and mutual understanding to resolve our pressing problems, and not dissension or conflicts of interest which have marked the deliberations of the thirty-third session. We certainly hope that this trend will not continue and that for the future the dialogue of confidence and give and take which is so essential in the United Nations forum will prevail in an atmosphere of fraternal co-operation. 117. This Organization is going Expenditures have soared to record procedures and work methods of need to be streamlined to cop membership and the ever-increa agenda items of our sessions. It is in look forward to the Secretary-G whole problem at the forthcoming t 118. While I have attempted to pr our affairs, I would certainly be re not express the gratification of t decision of the General Assembly sentation of Asian and African M Nations in the General Comm Assembly. We believe that the incr those two groups is commensurate changing times and reflects the ne tions of the developing countries i Indeed, it is a good start, and we sh appreciation to all those who ha important decision. 117. This Organization is going through a trying test. Expenditures have soared to record levels and much of the procedures and work methods of the General Assembly need to be streamlined to cope with the expanding membership and the ever-increasing and multifarious agenda items of our sessions. It is in this connexion that we look forward to the Secretary-General's report on the whole problem at the forthcoming thirty-fourth session. 118. While I have attempted to present a fair reflection of our affairs, I would certainly be remiss in my duty if I did not express the gratification of the Asian group at the decision of the General Assembly to increas~ the representation of Asian and African Members of the United Natious in the General Committee of the General Assembly. We believe that the increase in representation of those two groups is commensurate and consistent with the changing times and reflects the needs and political aspirations of the developing countries in both Asia and Africa. Indeed, it is a good start, and we should like to express our appreciation to all those who have contributed to that important decision. 119. I would also not be doing ju if I did not congratulate its memb initiative which led to the adopti resolution relating to the establishm and more effective world informat order aimed at seeking a free cir better balanced dissemination of legitimate interests of the develop taken into account. Indeed, the ba the interests of the developing c dissemination of information is ve truly to establish a successful new w In this regard, we also welcome Committee to Review United Nat Policies and Activities and would equitable representation of the dev Committee because of the importan 119. I would also not be doing justice to the Group of 77 if I did not congratulate its members for their important initiative which led to the adoption by consensus of the resolution relating to the establishment of a new, more just and more effective world information and communication order aimed at Eeeking a fre.~ circulation and wider and better balanced dissemination of information so that the legitimate interests of the developing countries could be taken into account. Indeed, the balanced representation of the interests of the developing countries in the field of dissemination of information is very important if we are truly to establish a successful new world information order. In this regare, we also welcome the setting up of the Committee to Review United Nations Public Information Policies and Activities and would strongly support the eqUitable representation of the developing countries in that Committee because of the importance of its work. 120. Two new Member States wer nations during the thirty-third s Solomon Islands and Dominica. It behalf of the Asian group, to welco and to extend to them the han friendship as we work together principles and objectives of the tJni 120. Two new Member States were added to this family of nations during the thirty-third session. I' refer to the Solomon Islands and Dominica. It is a pleasure for me, on behalf of the Asian group, to welcome them into our midst and to extend to them the hand of co-operation and friendship as we work together in furtherance of the principles and objectives of the tJnited Nations. 123. To the Under-Secre..ry-General for Political and General Assemly Affairs, Mr. Buffum, his political staff and all other members of the Secretariat, we express our thanks for their kind assistance in facilitating our task. 122. As for our Secretary-General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, he has again shown through his untiring efforts his dedication and devotion to the cause of peace and the well-being vf m" -. Jnd. We express our sincere appreciation to him and wish him well. 124. We also extend our thanks to our Vice-Presidents and to the Chairmen of the Main Committees for their able handling of the committees. 125. In conclusion, let me express the wish that the thirty-fourth session in 1979 will be both fruitful and successful in advancing the cause of international understanding, peace and security. 123. To the Under-Secre..ryoGeneral for Political and General Assemly Affairs, Mr. Buffum, his political staff and all other members of the Secretariat, we express our thanks for their kind assistance in facilitating our task.

I thank the Chairman of the group of Asian States for the kind words he addressed to the President. 124. We also extend our thanks to our Vice-Presidents and to the Chairmen of the Main Committees for their able handling of the committees. 127. I call on therepresentative of Czechoslovakia, who will speak on behalf of the group of Eastern European' States. 125. In conclusion, let me express the wish that the thirty-fourth session in 1979 will be both fruitful mid successful in advancing the cause of international understanding, peace and security.

I am sorry that the Ambassador of Czechoslovakia could not be present at this meeting. I shall therefore read his statement:

I thank the Chairman of the group of Asian States for the kind words he addressed to the President. "It is a source of great pleasure to me that at this last meeting of the thirty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly it is the delegation of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic which, on behalf of the regional group of Eastern European countries, has the honour of extending to you, Mr. President, our profound gratitude and thanks for the very skilful and responsible way in which you have guided the work of this lengthy session. Your wealth of experience, ability and devotion have made it possible for this session of the United Nations General Assembly to deal successfully with the large number of important items that were on its agenda. 127. I call on the·representative of Czechoslovakia, who will speak on behalf of the group of Eastern European' States.

I am sorry that the Ambassador of Czechoslovakia could not be present at this meeting. 1shall therefore read his statement: "It is a source of great pleasure to me that at th:s last meeting of the thirty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly it is the delegation of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic which, on behalf of the regional group of Eastern European countries, has the honour of extending to you, Mr. President, our profound gratitude and thanks for the very skilful and responsible way in which you have guided the work of this lengthy session. Your wealth of experience, ability and devotion have made it possible for this session of the United Nations General Assembly to deal successfully with the large number of important items that were on its agenda. "I should like to take this opportunity also sincerely to thank the Secretary-General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, and his immediate colleagues who have made tremendous efforts to ensure that the work of this session culminated successfully. Our gratitude goes also to the Vice- Presidents of the session, the Chairmen and other officers of the Main Committees, as well as the members of the Secretariat. "I should like to take this opportunity also sincerely to thank the Secretary-General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, and his immediate colleagues who have made tremendous efforts to ensure that the work of this session culminated successfully. Our gratitude goes also to the Vice- Presidents of the session, the Chairmen and other officers of the Main Committees, as well as the members of the Secretariat. "It is precisely for that reason that during the work of this session the countries on whose behalf I now have the honour of speaking paid particular attention to considering those matters which relate to guaranteeing general and complete disarmament and the elimination of nuclear and other weapons ofmass destruction. We are convinced that the results which have been achieved at this session will undoubtedly help to fmd a solution to that most important problem of international relations. And in this context we are extremely gratified to welcome the forthcoming very important meeting which is to take place between leaders from the Soviet Union and the United States to undertake talks on the limitation of strategic weapons. "It is precisely for that reason that during the work of this session the countries on whose behalf I now have the honour of speaking paid particular attention to considering those matters which relate to guaranteeing general and complete disarmament and the elimination of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. We are convinced that the results which have been achieved at this session will undoubtedly help to fmd a solution to that most important problem of international relations. And in this context we are extremely gratified to welcome th~ forthcoming very important meeting which is to take place between leaders from the Soviet Union and the United States to undertake talks on the limitation of strategic weapons. "The positive decisions that have been adopted by the thirty-third session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on a number of important items are also extremely valuable. However, all those decisions-and this has already been stated before-can be effective only provided that they are faithfully carried out by all Members of our Organization. This is true for both of the decisions relating to a just settlement in the Middle East and Cyprus, and those designed to eliminate the vestiges of colonial systems throughout the world, to develop equitable international relations, and all the other decisions which were taken at this session. . "The positive decisions that have been adopted by the thirty-third session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on a number of important items are. also extremely valuable. However, all those decisions-and this has already been stated before-can be effective only provided that they are faithfully carried out by all Members of our Organization. This is true for both of the decisions relating to a just settlement in the Middle East and Cyprus, and those designed to eliminate the vestiges of colonial systems throughout the world, to develop eqUitable international relations, and all the other decisions which were taken at this session. "It is worthy of note that this session of the General Assembly is completing its work by considering one of the most important items which has ever confronted the United Nations since its very inception; the question of Namibia. The continuing illegal occupation of Namibia by the authorities of racist South Africa is not only a gross violation of the legitimate rights of the people of that country to freedom and independence but also one of the main threats to international peace and security. The decision just taken by the General Assembly of the United Nations has indicated the path which we must all necessarily follow ifwe are to achieve a just settlement of the problem and bring about, as soon as possible, realization of the legitimate rights of the people of Namibia. . "It is worthy of note that this session of the General Assembly is completing its work by considering one of the most important items which has ever confronted the United Nations since its very inception; the question of Namibia. The continuing illegal occupation of Namibia by the authorities of racist South Africa is not only a gross violation of the legitimate rights of the people of that country to freedom and independence but also one of the main threats to intemational peace and security. The decision just taken by the General Assembly of the United Nations has indicated the path which we must all necessarily follow if we are to achieve a just settlement of the problem and bring about, as soon as possible, realization of the legitimate rights of the people of. Namibia. . "In conclusion we should like to express our gratitude to all the representatives of the entire membership of the United Nations who have made their own contribution to ensuring the success of this thirty-third session of the General Assembly of the.United Nations." "In conclusion we should like to express our gratitude to all the representatives of the entire membership of the United Nations who have made their own contribution to ensuring the success of this thirty·third session of the General Assembly of the.United Nations."

I have the honour to address the General Assembly at this closing meeting of the thirty-third session as the representative of the group of Latin American States in the United Nations. 132. In the past year the General Assembly has had to deal not only with thorny political issues but also with major economic and social matters which, to my mind, have called into queetion the very values on which the Organization is established as well as the pattern of negotiation which has been applied over the years. 131. It has been a great honour for our countries to be able to co-operate with you, Sir, in the delicate and important functions you have had to discharge during this long session. In Latin America your brilliant career as a statesman and historian has long been well known, and the way in which you have conducted the business of this Assembly adds yet a further honour to the prestige of yourself and of your country, Colombia. 140. In closing I should like t by the group of Latin America the new Members of the Un Islands and, more particularly ours. We wish them every succe 133. At the beginning of the session we had to resolve the impasse in the work of the Main Committee on economic questions which are of the highest importance to the developing countries and which should receive a greater commitment on our part and an even stronger one in the months to come. In a situation of continuing monetary disorder, uncontrolled inflation and strong protectionist tendencies, the aims of the new international economic order endorsed by the General Assembly may be difficult to achieve unless negotiation is resorted to and the political will of the international community confirmed. 132. In the past year the General Assembly has had to deal not only with thorny political issues but also with major economic and social matters which, to my mind, have called into quertion the very values on which the Organization is established as well as the pattern of negotiation which has been applied over the years. 140. In closing I should like to repeat the satisfaction felt by the group of Latin American States at the admission of the new Members of the United Nations: the Solomon Islands and, more particularly, Dominica, a neighbour of ours. We wish them every success. 133. At the beginning of the session we had to resolve the impasse in the work of the Main Committee on '~conomic questions which are of the highest importance to the developing countries and which should receive a greater commitment on our part and an even stronger one in the months to come. In a situation of continuing monetary disorder, uncontrolled inflation and strong protectionist tendencies, the aims of the new international economic order endorsed by the General Assembiy may be difficult to achieve unless negotiation is resorted to and the political will of the international community confirmed. 134. Later, in the work of the plenary meetings of the Assembly, as in the Main Committees, the interest and concern of delegations were demonstrated in their consideration of those items which would strengthen and enhance effective action by the United Nations in its many spheres of activity, in an attempt to overcome repetition of debates, which leads to stagnation. 135. In concluding the work of this session with, most appropriately, a further consideration of the matter of the independence of Namibia, the General Assembly, under your leadership, Sir, has renewed its commitment to the noble ideals set forth in the Charter. The fundamental responsibility of the United Nations for that Territory has been reaffirmed, and the practice of apartheid and racial discrimination has been strongly condemned. 134. Later, in the work of the plenary meetings of the Assembly, as in the Main Committees, the interest and concern of delegations were demonstrated in their consideration of those items which would strengthen and enhance effective action by the United Nations in its many spheres of activity, in an attempt to overcome repetition of debates, which leads to stagnation. 136. Let us hope that 1979-the International Year of Solidarity with the People of Namibia-will mark the independence of this valiant and self-sacrificing people. 135. In concluding the work of this session with, most appropriately, a further consideration of the matter of the independence of Namibia, the General Assembly, under your leadership, Sir, has renewed its commitment to the noble ideals set forth in the Charter. The fundamental responsibility of the United Nations for that Territory has been reaffirmed, and the practice of apartheid and racial discrimination has been strongly condemned. 137. We hope the presence of the United Nations, including the use of peace-keeping forces where necessary; in the Middle East, Cyprus and Rhodesia, may continue to be an essential factor in achieving a fair settlement of disputes which have long caused suffering to the populations concerned and have been a threat to international peace and security. 136. Let us hope that 1979-the International Year of Solidarity with the People of Namibia-will mark the independence of this valiant and self-sacrificing people. 137. We hope the presence of the United Nations, including the use of peace-keeping forces where necessary; in the Middle East, Cyprus and Rhodesia, may continue to be an essential factor in achieving a fair settlement of disputes which have long caused suffering to the populations concerned and have been a threat to international peace and security. 139. United Nations action in the social and humanitarian fields is vast and it is only right that it should be known to all as a means of security, among other results, broad support, mainly financial, among Member States. The celebration of the International Year of the Child, which is bein6 co-ordinated by UNICEF, the many programmes OO5ng carried out by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the ongoing preparations for the United Nations Decade for Women are worthy of mention and are deserving of our support. 141. We also wish to reaffirm Waldheim-and also to his clo untiring efforts for internatio We also wish to express to Secretary-General for Politic Affairs, our thanks for his dedic 142. The PRESIDENT (inter now call on the Chairman European and other States, the 141. We also wish to reaffIrm our confidence in Mr. Kurt Waldheim-and also to his close colleagues-because of his untiring efforts for international peace and co-Operation. We also wish to express to Mr. Buffum, the Under- Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs, our thanks for his dedication. 143. Mr. AKIMAN (Turkey privilege, on behalf of the grou other States, to extend to you, and gratitude for the wisdom you have presided over our w session, which has lasted 16 w sessions since December 19 diplomat and your most agr contributed to the positive a this session.

I now call on the Chairman of the group of Western European and other States, the representative of Turkey.

I have the honour and privilege, on behalf of the group of Western European and other States, to extend to you, Sir, our sincere appreciation and gratitude for the wisdom and efficiency with which you have presided over our work during the thirty-third session, which has lasted 16 weeks, including two resumed sessions since December 1978. Your experience as a diplomat and your most agreeable personality have all contributed to the positive achievements reached during this session. 144. I should also like to pa General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim an the devoted efforts they have e and principles of the United N ensuring world peace. 145. OUI: special thanks are Secretary-General for Politic Affairs, Mr. Buffum, and all the for the invaluable assistance have given all the delegation session. 144. I should also like to pay a tribute to the Secretary- General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim and to his close associates for the devoted efforts they have exerted to fulfil the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter with a view to ensuring world peace. 146. We certainly do not ov country; our deep appreciati 145. OUI: special thanks are equally due to the Under- Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs, Mr. ButTum, and all the members of the Secretariat, for the invaluable assistance and close co-operation they have given all the delegations during the course of the session. 146. We certainly do not overlook the role of the host· country; our deep appreciation also goes to the repre- 148. Every year the sessions of the General Assembly provide the Members of this Organization with a common forum in which they can exchange views, and discuss and attempt to resolve current issues of common concern. These sessions and the resolutions adopted at them have not brought clear-cut solutions to several important questions; however, they provide the appropriate forum for ideas to confront each other and for constructive dialogue to take place in the search for solutions to world problems. Nevertheless, although short of clear-cut solutions, modest progress is achieved, and we come to the realization that progress is attained, not by confrontations, but by a spirit of understanding on the part of those involved and a consensus, which all lead to agreed solutions. 148. Every year the sessions of the General Assembly pro'lide the Members of this Organization with a common forum in which they can exchange views, and discuss and attempt to resolve current issues of common concern. These sessions and the resolutions adopted at them have not brought clear-cut solutions to several important questions;. however, they provide the appropriate forum for ideas to confront each other and for constructive dialogue to take place in the search for solutions to world problems. Nevertheless, although short of clear-cut solutions, modest progress is achieved, and we come to the realization that progress is attained, not by confrontations, but by a spirit of understanding on the part of those involved and a consensus, which all lead to agreed solutions. 149. Within the context of my general remarks I should like to mention that as a result of the successful follow-up of the process of decolonization and self-determination, the membership of our Organization has increased to 151 by the admission of Dominica and the Solomon Islands. Furthermore, a record' number of delegations participated in the general debate, including 100 Foreign Ministers and 20 Heads of State or Government. With the membership of the Organization tripling since its establishment and the workload of the General Assembly increasing enormously, it has become fairly clear that the duration of 13 weeks for the regular General Assembly sessions is not long enough to complete the work of the General Assembly. It seems that some measures will have to be taken and ways and means will have to be explored to expedite the General Assembly's work and make it more effective and rational. 149. Within the context of my general remarks I should like to mention that as a result of the successful follow-up of the process of decolonization and self-determination, the membership of our Organization has increased to 151 by the admission of Dominica and the Solomon Islands. Furthermore, a record' number of delegations participated in the general debate, including 100 Foreign Ministers and 20 Heads of State or Government. With the membership of the Organization tripling since its establishment and the workload of the General Assembly increasing enormously, it has become fairly clear that the duration of 13 weeks for the regular General Assembly sessions is not long enough to complete the work of the General Assembly. It seems that some measures will have to be taken and ways and means will have to be explored to expedite the General Assembly's work and make it more effective and rational. 150. Because of the lateness of the hour I do not want to go into the analysis of the highlights of our session. However, I wish to express our hope that the resolutions and decisions adopted during our session will be translated into action with a view to enhancing the efficiency of our Organization. 151. Before I conclude, I should like to say that I would feel remiss did I not-at the close of this session-or perhaps any other session for that matter-remember with respect and esteem the memory of Ambassador Jamil Baroody of Saudi Arabia, who by the last touches he added on these occasions not only sparkled with a spirit which binds together all the Members of this Assembly, but at the same time gave a human dimension to the resolutions we adopted. 150. Because of the lateness of the hour I do not want to go into the analysis of the highlights of our session. However, I wish to express our hope that the resolutions and decisions adopted during our session will be translated into action with a view to enhancing the efficiency of our Organization. 151. Before I conclude, I should like to say that I would feel remiss did I not-at the close of this session-or perhaps any other session for that matter-remember with respect and esteem the memory of Ambassador Jamil Baroody of Saudi Arabia, who by the last touches he added on these occasions not only sparkled with a spirit which binds together all the Members of this Assembly, but at the same time gave a human dimension to the resolutions we adopted.

Mr. President, it is my pleasure, on behalf of the Arab group of Stat~s to convey to you our thanks and our admiration for the successful way in which you have presided over the work of the resumed thirty.- third session of the General Assembly. 154. This session was one of the most fruitful, in various ways, particularly in connexion with the elimination of the vestiges of colonialism and foreign occupation in certain parts of the world. Our meetings this May on Namibia have clearly demonstrated the importance which we all attach to the efforts being made in that field. Your wise guidance, your perspicacity and your wealth of experience in politics and diplomacy spared us a number of pitfalls and guided us surely towards the elimination of the last vestiges of colonialism in the world. 155. Mr. President, your opening statement [1st meet clearly brought out a reality which is becoming more more obvious, not only in the United Nations but al the international community as a whole; namely, that vitally important to remedy the ever-deteriorating i national economic situation, which is based on obsolete inequitable principles. 156. You represent a developing country in Latin Am which is linked to the Arab world by a number of particularly that of our joint struggle against un development and against the exploitation of the wealt the developing countries by the forces of colonialism neo-colonialism. 155. Mr. President, your opening statement [1st meeting] clearly brought out a reality which is becoming more and more obvious, not only in the United Nations but also in the international community as a whole; namely, that it is vitally important to remedy the ever-deteriorating international economic situation, which is based on obsolete and inequitable principles. 157. Finally, I would like to express on behalf of the group our warmest appreciation to the Secretary-Gen Mr. Kurt Waldheim, for the untiring and sincere effor has made to serve peace, justice and progress throug the world. ' 156. You represent a developing country in Latin America which is linked to the Arab world by a number of ties, particularly that of our joint struggle against underdevelopment and against the exploitation or" the wealth of the developing countries by the forces of colonialism and neo-colonialism. 158. I should also like to thank the members o Secretariat for the contribution they made to the succe our mission. 159. I should also like, before concluding, to note particular sadness the absence. of Ambassador Bar from our midst. In the Arab group we used to call him dean, and he has certainly been one of the pillars o United Nations. Weall miss himvery much. 157. Finally, I would like to express on behalf of the Arab group our warmest appreciation to the Secretary-General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, for the untiring and sincere efforts he has made to serve peace, justice and progress throughout the world. 160. The PRESIDENT (interpretation from Spanis now call on the representative of the United State America, who will speak on behalf ofthe host country. 158. I should also like to thank the members of the Secretariat for the contribution they made to the success of our mission.

A approach the end of the thirty-third session of the Ge Assembly I should like to offer two important expres of gratitude, First of all, we wish to thank you, Mr. P dent, for the way you have performed the difficult ta presiding over this long session. We also wish to s Secretary-General Waldheim, who, with other membe the Secretariat, has provided leadership, guidance support for all of us in our work. 159. I should also like, before concluding, to note with particular sadness the absence.of Ambassador Baroody from our midst. In the Arab group we used to call him our dean, and he has certainly been one of the pillars of the United Nations. We all miss him very much.

I now call on the representative of the United States of America, who will speak on behalf of the host country.

As we approach the end of the thirty-third session of the General Assembly I should like to offer two important expressions of gratitude. First of all, we wish to thank you, Mr. President, for the way you have performed the difficult task of presiding ove.r this long session. We also wish to salute Secretary-General Waldheim, who, with other members of the Secretariat, has provided leadership, guidance and support for all of us in our work. 164. This Organization, after all, was established in the belief that the world needed a different approach to the problems. of international relations. Power politics there would always be, but it was hoped that through the creation of international institutions the world would be able to address its problems with greater wisdom, greater fairness and greater openness, all in the spirit of a collective concern for the security and integrity of all nations. 163. In this brief statement I do not intend to list those areas of progress and accompliS1;me;nt. Suffice it to say that the membership has reason to be proud of what has been accomplished. But we cannot be content with our accomplishments when so many things remain to be done. All Governments dedicated to' the purposes of the United Nations have reason for concern. 165. We would urge that each of us examine closely the reasons why in so many cases we are not achieving the goals set forth in the Preamble to the United Nations Charter. We would also urge all to reflect long and hard on the cost to the institution of transient victories. Unless reason and compromise prevail we shall harm the very institution whose precepts and goals we are so desirous of preserving. 164. This Organization, after all, was established in the belief that the world naeded a different approach to the problems of international relations. Power politics there would always be, but it was hoped that through the creation of international institutions the world would be able to address its prob!ems with greater wisdom, greater fairness and greater openness, all in the spirit of a collective concern for the security and integrity of all nations. 166. In our debates let us balance as objectively as possible the conflicting claims of all parties and attempt to preserve the rights of all concerned. It isnot the function of international institutions to embarrass one side in a dispute or automatically denounce those who have few friends, when the machinery of the institution might better be used to prevent conflict or curb violence. 165. We would urge that each of us examine closely the reasons why in so many cases we are not achieving the goals set forth in the Preamble to the United Nations Charter. We would also urge all to reflect long and hard on the cost to the institution of transient Victories. Unless reason and compromise prevail we shall harm the very institution whose precepts and goals we are so desirous of preserving. 167. As the United Nations seeks to deal with the problems before it the General Assembly in particular must become more effective in the way it conducts its business. Reforms are needed, We applaud and support all efforts to that end and look forward to continuing our work with all like-minded delegations in encouraging changes that can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the next, the thirty-fourth, session of the General Assembly. 166. In our debates let us balance as objectively as possible the conflicting claims of all parties and attempt to preserve the rights of all concerned. It is not the function of international institutions to embarrass one side in a dispute or automatically denounce those who have few friends, when the machinery of the institution might better be used to prevent conflict or curb violence. 168. As we approach our work in the coming year I hope that we all keep in mind a larger vision than the momentary advantage ofjoining today's immediate majority. For us in the United Nations the principle ofnon-violent negotiation should underlie our every endeavour. The negotiating process deserves the same commitment of time and energy, the same tenacity, as does a military struggle. My delegation fervently hopes that democratic processes will triumph without arms, that reason will triumph over armed might. 167. As the United Nations seeks to deal with the problems before it the General Assembly in particular must become more effective in the way it conducts its business. Reforms are needed, We applaud and support all efforts to that end and look forward to continuing our work with all like-minded delegations in encouraging changes that can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the next, the thirty-fourth, session of the General Assembly. 168. As we approach our work in the coming year I hope that we all keep in mind a larger vision than the momentary advantage ofjoining today's immediate majority. For us in the United Nations the principle ofnon-violent negotiation should underlie our every endeavour. The negotiating process deserves the same commitment of time and energy, the same tenacity, as does a military struggle. My delegation fervently hopes that democratic processes will triumph without arms, that reason will triumph over armed might.

And so we come to the close of the thirty-third regular session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. We have discussed and studied all the items submitted for our consideration, in most cases in a harmonious atmosphere, while in others, on which conflicting positions were presented, the mood of the debate has been conducive to a search for consensus rather than confrontation. Over the years the General Assembly has developed a high degree of maturity; it recognizes its own limitations and does not try to exceed them, and, because of the very authority which its prudence confers on it, it expects that its decisions will be heeded by Member States. 171. As always when a sess draws to a close and we engag feeling that some improveme that the Assembly's work m more efficient and rational. drawn up when the Assemb countries and it is natural tha the aspirations of 151 nations course of its deliberations. membership has tripled since i be given to fmding ways of pl with modem techniques desi Doubtless the many importa come to the fore in internation postpone making changes in such changes are urgently ne this session. It is a real parado Member States increases and agenda multiply, the Organi expanding its technical capac 171. As always when a session of the General Assembly draws to a close and we engage in self-analysis, we have the feeling that some improvements should be introduced so that the Assembly's work may be speeded up and made more efficient and rational. The rules of procedure were drawn up when the Assembly was a small club of 50 countries and it is natural that today, when it must satisfy the aspirations of 151 nations, there could be flaws in the course of its deliberations. In an Organization whose membership has tripled since it was founded priority should be given to fmding ways of planning its work in accordance with modem techniques designed to enhance efficiency. Doubtless the many important problems which suddenly come lO the fore in international relations have forced us to postpone makinr changes in the rules of procedure. That such changes are urgently needed has been eVident during this session. It is a real paradox that, while the number of Member States increases and the items on the Assembly's agenda multiply, the Organization is not simultaneously expanding its technical capacity to cope with this growth. 172. The General Assembly organ parexcellence of the Or universal organ. Hence, to fin real concern to the internati expects them to be studied a the records of the Assembly which are now being discusse may discover that they had th United Nations. The fact th assemblies has been consider some disputes among nation it-that ourOrganization has seeking ways of settling really problems have been treated he experience, as reflected in tex in fact serve as a firm fram negotiations. In other words, Nations and the undoubted Assembly extend to the entire all its complexity. 172. The General Assembly continues to be the political organ par excellence of the Organization. Above all, it is the universal organ. Hence, to find out which problems are of real concern to the international community and how it expects them to be studied and resolved, one must go to the records of the Assembly. Even in the case of matters which are now being discussed in other, smaller bodies one may discover that they had their origin in this organ of the United Nations. The fact that the atmosphere in smaller assemblies has been considered suitable for dealing with some disputes among nations does not mean-far from it-that our Organization has shirked the responsibility for seeking ways of settling really difficult conflicts. All these problems have been treated here with patience, wisdom and experience, as reflected in texts and resolutions which now in fact serve as a firm frame of reference fOr bilateral negotiations. In other words, the influence of the United Nations and the undoubted authority of the General Assembly extend to the entire fabric of intemationallife in all its complexity. 175. It is true that there are some States which have continually defied the decisions of the General Assembly. In fact they are very few. However, the impact of their recalcitrance, which frequently falls indiscriminately on entire peoples, is diminished because of the moral censure to which disobedience to the civilized rules of the Organization gives rise. No State, however powerful and arrogant it may be, can fmd it agreeable to be excluded from the Organization or singled out by it er looked upon with distrust. This means that the United Nations now represents an international order, with minimum standards for ensuring that States may live in peace, and that human beings, whatever their political outlook or race, may enjoy minimal conditions of freedom, economic well-being and independence, as an essential basis for a decent life. 175. It is true that there are some States which have continually defied the decisions of the General Assembly. In fact they are very few. However, the impact of t:'l.eir recalcitrance, which frequently falls indiscriminately on entire peoples, is diminished because of the moral censure to which disobedience to the civilized rules of the Organization gives rise. No State, however powerful and arrogant it may be, can fmd it agreeable to be excluded from the Organization or singled out by it er looked upon with distrust. This means that the United Nations now represents a., international order, with minimum standards for ensuring that States may live in peace, and that human beings, whatever their political outlook or race, may enjoy minimal conditions of freedom, economic well-being and independence, as an essential basis for a decent life. 176. At this thirty-third session of the General Assembly, the general debate again afforded a suitable occasion for the expression of the political will of the Member States. Participating in it were the largestnumber of delegations in the history of our Organization. A number of Heads of State and many Ministers for Foreign Affairs participated. In its ideological plurality and unbounded freedom, the general debate once again reminded us of the purpose for which our Organization was founded: to provide a forum for those who previously had no voice, for the wise, that they might give counsel and for the powerful, that they might show their capacity for political compromise. The creation of a peaceful forum for constructive dialogue among the nations of the earth is in itself sufficient justification for the founding of our Organization. 176. At this thirty-third session of the General Assembly, the general debate again afforded a suitable occasion for the expression of the political will of the Member States. Participating in it were the largest number of delegations in the history of our Organization. A number of Heads of State and many Ministers for Foreign Affairs participat~d. In its ideological plurality and unbounded freedom, the general debate once again reminded us of the purpose for which our Organization was founded: to prOVide a forum for those who previously had no voice, for the wise, that they might give counsel and for the powerful, that they might show their capacity for political compromise. The creation of a peaceful forum for constructive dialogue among the nations of the earth is in itself sufficient justification for tne founding of our Organization. 177. I should be abusing the patience of the General Assembly if I were to recapitulate all the issues that were covered in the general debate. I intend, therefore, to single out for summary only a few issues on which many delegations spoke and which I can therefore regard as parameters of international life. 178. International peace and security are a constant concem of States, for which the preservation of that peace and security is a matter requiring constant vigilance. The bilateral tensions which have arisen in some continents 'always carry with them the fear that a conflict of little consequence may, owing to the international alignment of those involved,turn into another world holocaust, this tT',e with fatal consequences for mankind. As a natural consequence of this fear, States stressed in the Assembly the urgent need to arrive at a spiritual and physical disarmament of nations, to end propaganda designed to exacerbate contentious sentiments and to redirect huge military 177. I should be abusing the patience of the General Assembly if I were to recapitulate all the issues that were covered in the general debate. I intend, therefore, to single out for summary only a few issues on which many delegations spoke and which I can therefore regard as parameters of international life. 178. International peace and security are a constant concern of States, for which the preservation of that peace and secmity is a matter requiring constant vigilance. The bilateral tensions which have arisen in ~"me continents 'always carry with them the fear that a conflict of little consequence may, owing to the international alignment of those involved, turn into another world holocaust, this tT',e with fatal consequences for mankind. As a natural consequence of this fear, States stressed in the Assembly the urgent need to arrive at a spiritual and physical disarmament of nations, to end propaganda designed to exacerbate contentious sentiments and to redirect huge military 179. In establishing the "Committee of 41",3 the General Assembly demonstrated its preoccupation with the public information policies of the United Nations. Many developing countries have complained that information on the important tasks of the Organization does not reach their peoples and that a large part of the Organization's budget benefits the very countries which, because oftheir fmancial circumstances, have better public information media. Undoubtedly, the United Nations needs to'publicize its work,. especially in the developing countries, since most of the questions discussed are very relevant to the vital problems of their peoples; but the private media in the developed countries should call a halt to their campaigns to discredit our Organization, since these affect its authority as a world body. 180. Each year there is an increase in the numbe developing countries calling for the establishment ora international economic order and, of course, fo effective realization in dealings between nations. Ac ingly, mention should be made ofthe agreement reache the negotiating capacity of the Committee which, alth beset by enormous difficulties, is dealing with the N South dialogue. These negotiations are now assu capital importance, owing to the recurrence of cr situations for developing countries and the progre widening of the gap between them and the wealthy nat In this connexion, the Assembly continued at this se the preparations for its special sessionin 1980, when it consider problems of decisive importance to the econ equilibrium of the world and will deal with inflation, w is so ominous a threat to the peoples of the earth, with need to accelerate the process of transfer of technolog developing countries and with the continuous rise in prices. 180. Each year there is an increase in the number -of developing countries calling for the establishment of a new international economic order and, of course, fot its effective realization in dealings between nations. Accoruingly, mention should be made ofthe agreement reached on the negotiating capacity of the Committee which, although beset by enormous difficulties, is dealing with the North- South dialogue. These negotiations are now assuming capital importance, owing to the recurrence of critical situations for developing countries and the progressive widening of the gap between them and the wealthy nations. In this connexion, the Assembly continued at this session the preparations for its special session in 1980, when it will consider problems of decisive importance to the economic equilibrium of the world and will deal with inflation, which is so ominous a threat to the peoples of the earth, with the need to accelerate the process of transfer of technology to developing countries and with the continuous rise in fuel prices. 181. The General Assembly also showed concern ove need to find ways of universalizing the investigations human rights violations in some States and obtai acceptance of their fmdings by the countries responsibl such violations. The Commission on Human Rights asked to study the proposal to create a post of U Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights an submit its conclusions for consideration by the Ge Assembly at its next session. But emphasis was alsopl on the interest of MemberStates in the fun implementa not only of political rights but also ofeconomic, socia cultural rights, the exercise of which is in jeopardy in present international economic situation, because of imbalance in the terms oftrade, the restrictions on tran of technology, the high costs of transfer offmancial ca and the resurgence of protectionism in the wealthy c tries. 181. The General Assembly also showed concern over the need to find ways of universatizing the investigations into human rights violations in some States and obtaining acceptance of their fmdings by the countries responsible for such violations. The Commission on Human Rights was asked to study the proposal to create a post of United Natiuns High Commissioner for Human Rights and to submit its conclusions for consideration by the General Assembly at its next session. But emphasis was also placed on the interest of Member States in the fun implementation not only of political rights but also ofeconomic, social and cultural rights, the exercise of which is in jeopardy in the present international economic situation, because of the imbalance in the terms oftrade, the restrictions on tr~.nsfer of technology, the high costs of transfer offmancial <.:apital and the resurgence of protectionism in the wealthy countries. 3 Committee to Review United Nations Public Inform Policiesand Activities. 183. Five months after its temporary closure, the General Assembly resumed its session solely to consider the question of Namibia. Many delegations participated in the debate, and the draft resolution on the question of the illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa and the refusal of the South African Government to comply with decisions of the General Assembly an'" the Security Council received the backing of the largest number of sponsors in the history of our Organization. The General Assembly on this occasion wisely and prudently kept its pronouncements strictly within the limits of the powers vested in it by the ;t'harter of the United Nations, as can be seen from its clear recommendations to the Security Council. 183. Five months after its temporary closure, the General Assembly resumed its session solely to consider the question of Namibia. Many delegations participated in the debate, and the draft resolution on the question of the illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa and the refusal of the South African Government tu comply with decisions of the General Assembly aJ'Tti. the Security Council received the backing of the largest number of sponsors in the history of our Organization. The General Assembly on this occasion wisely and prudently kept its pronouncements strictly within the limits of the powers vested in it by the Charter of the United Nations, as can be seen from its clear recommendations to the Security Council. 184. On behalf of the General Assembly, I should like to reiterate our thanks to the Secretary-General of the Organization, Mr.Kurt Waldheim, and to all his staff for the efficient services they rendered us in our work. All of them perform their General Assembly tasks' with special loyalty to the United Nations.. 184. On behalf of the General Assembly, I should like to reiterate our thanks to the Secretary-General of the Organization, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, and to all his staff for the efficient services they rendered us in our work. All of them perform their General Assembly tasks' with special loyalty to the United Nations..

I invite representatives to stand and observe one minute of silf:nt prayer or meditation. The members stood in silence. The meetingrose at 6.05 p.

I declare closed the thirty-third session of the General Assembly.