A/35/PV.94 General Assembly

— Session 35, Meeting 94 — UN Document ↗

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Pagt'

121.  Urgent measures for reducing the danger of war 1. Mr. KENSMIL (Suriname), Rapporteur of the First Committee: I have the honour of presenting to the General Assembly the reports of the First Com- mittee on its work concerning agenda items 31 to 35, 37 to 46, 48 and 49 on the question of disarmament and item 50 on the implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security. At the 79th meeting, the Assembly adopted resolution 35/46 on agenda item 36 concerning the Declaration of the 1980s as the Second Disarmament Decade and resolution 35/47on item 44 (c) relating to the establish- ment of a Preparatory Committee for the Second Special Session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament. In that connexion, a draft decision contained in document A/35/L.47/Rev.I, is before the General Assembly regarding the scheduling of the second substantive session of the Preparatory Com- mittee for the Second Special Session on Disarmament in accordance with previous General Assembly resolutions. 2. Regarding agenda item 121 entitled "Urgent measures for reducing the danger of war", I wish to state that the First Committee, which considered that item, had before it on 13 October, draft resolution A/C.l/35/L.I, submitted by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. At the 42nd meeting of the First Committee, on 25 November, the Soviet delegation stated that it would not insist on a vote on that text since the basic provisions of the draft resolution had already been reflected in texts adopted by the First Committee under other items, namely draft resolutions A/C.1/35/L.36/Rev.l and A/C.l/35/L.44. 3. Before introducing the reports of the First Com- mittee, I also wish to report on item 47, which was aIlocated to the First Committee by the Genreal Assembly. This item relates to the strengthening of the security of non-nuclear-weapon States and was the subject of a report by the Committee on Disarrna- First Committee is to be found in paragraph 11. 10. The report on agenda item 37 is contained in docu- ment A/35/689. The First Committee recommends the adoption of two draft resolutions, one on the imple- mentation of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa and the other on South Africa's plan and capability in the nuclear field, which are to be found in paragraph 9 of the report. 11. The report on agenda item 38 is contained in document A/35/690; the recommendation appears in paragraph 9 of the report. 12. The report on agenda item 39 is contained in document A/35/691, and the recommendation on this item can be found in paragraph 7. 13. The report on agenda item 40 is contained in document A/35/692, and the recommendation of the First Committee can be found in paragraph 7 of the report. 14. The report on agenda item 41 is contained in document A/35/693, and the recommendation of the First Committee can be found in paragraph 8 of the report. 15. The report on agenda item 42 is contained in document A/35/694, and the recommendation with regard to that item can be found in paragraph 7. 16. The report on agenda item 43 is contained in document A/35/695, and the relevant recommendation of the First Committee is contained in paragraph 8 of that report. 17. Part 11 of the report of the First Committee on agenda item 44 appears in document A/35/665/ Add.I. Under that item, the First Committee adopted 10 draft resolutions dealing with the United Nations programme of fellowships on disarmament, nuclear weapons in all aspects, non-use of nuclear weapons and the prevention of nuclear war, the implementation of the recommendations and decisions of the tenth special session, the report of the Disarmament Com- mission, paragraph 125 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session, the programme of research 21. The report on agenda item 48 is contained in document A/35/699. Under this item the First Com- mittee adopted 11 draft resolutions dealing with a study on conventional disarmament, confidence- building measures, the non-stationing of nuclear weapons on the territories of States where there are no such weapons at present, the study on all aspects of regional disarmament, the study on the relationship between disarmament and international security, the study on nuclear weapons, the conclusion ofan interna- tional convention prohibiting the development, produc- tion, stockpiling and use of radiological weapons, the prohibition of the production of fissionable material for weapons purposes, the report of the Committee on Disarmament, disarmament and international security, and strategic arms limitation talks. The Com- mittee's recommendation on this item can be found in paragraph 34 of its report. 22. The last report on the disarmament items is that on agenda item 49, and is contained in document A/35/700. The Committee's recommendation on that item can be found in paragraph 7 of the report. 23. As at previous sessions, the work of the First Committee reflected the General Assembly's deep concern at the pace of disarmament and expressed a definite desire for action, in particular for the imple- mentation, on the eve of the second special session on disarmament, of the decisions and recommenda- tions of the first special session. This year the First Committee adopted 20 draft resolutions by consensus and a large number by a substantial majority-indi- cating, let us hope, a trend, however slow, towards the enlargement of areas of agreement in the field of disarmament. Highlights of this session were the establishment of the Preparatory Committee for the Second Special Session of the General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament and the adoption of the Declaration of the 1980s as the Second Disarmament Decade. Many other draft resolutions laid stress on the need for action in the field of disarmament. 24. I wish now to introduce to the Assembly the report of the First Committee relating to agenda item 50 on the implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security contained in

The President #4913
I should like to point out that a draft decision has been submitted in addition under agenda item 44 and an additional draft resolution has been proposed under agenda item 50. 29. Statements will be limited to explanations of vote. The positions ofdelegations regarding the various recommendations of the First Committee have been made clear in the Committee and are reflected in the relevant official records. 30. May I remind members rllat, in decision 34/401, the Assembly agreed that: "When the same draft resolution is considered in a Main Committee and in the plenary meeting, a delegation should, as far as possible, explain its vote only once, i.e., either in the Committee or in the plenary meeting, unless that delegation's vote in the plenary meeting is different from its vote in the Committee." May I also remind members that, in accordance with this decision, explanations of vote should not exceed 10 minutes and should be made by representatives from their places.
The President #4914
The Assembly will now take a decision on draft resolution B. The report of the Fifth Committee on the administrative and financial implica- tions of that draft resolution appears in document A/35/755. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
Mr. Elliott BEL Belgium [French] #4915
The evolution of draft resolution A/C.l/35/ L,43/Rev.2 as adopted by the First Committee gave rise to a certain perplexity that Belgium was not alone in feeling. 48. My country took time to reflect before deciding upon its attitude with regard to the draft resolution that is now before the Assembly. The draft resolution contains several difficulties, not the least of which is its hybrid structure, which is the result of the, to say the least, surprising way in which it was conceived. It is also a fact that the text upon which we must take a decision is a mixture of two things. 49. Our concern here, and I believe this to be shared by all, has to do with the use of chemical weapons. That question is the subject of one of the most im- portant international instruments drafted during this 55. That clarification so necessary to future efforts leading to disarmament and trust among States seems to us more important by far than the faults of the draft resolution adopted by the First Committee. For that reason, Belgium will vote in favour of the draft resolution.
The President #4916
The Assembly will now take a decision on the three draft resolutions recommended by the First Committee in paragraph 15 of the report. The First Committee adopted draft resolution A without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution A WlIS adopted (resolution 35/144 A).
The President #4917
The First Committee also adopted draft resolution B without a vote. May I again consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise? J League of Nations. Treaty Series. vol. XCIV (1929), No. 2138, p.65.
The President #4918
The Assembly will now consider the report of the First Committee on agenda item 35 [A/35/688]. 60. I call on the representative of the United Republic of Cameroon who wishes to make a statement. 61. Mr. TOWO ATANGANA (United Republic of Cameroon) (interpretation from French).' My delega- tion spoke during the vote in the First Committee, stating that it had intended to vote in favour of the draft resolution, but there had been a. technical error and the machine had indicated a negative vote. We shall of course vote in favour of the text that is now before us.
The President #4919
The Assembly will now take a decision on the two draft resolutions recommended by the First Committee in paragraph 11 of its report. 4 The delegations of Guyana and Mali subsequently informed the Secretariat that they wished to have their votes recorded as abstentions.
The President #4920
The Assembly will now vote on draft resolution B. A recorded vote has been re- quested.
A recorded vote was taken.
Draft resolution B was adopted by 129 votes to none, with 16 abstentions (resolution 35/145 B).
The President #4921
We turn now to the report of the First Committee on agenda item 37 [A/35/689]. The Assembly will now take a decision on the two draft resolutions recommended in paragraph 9 of the report. 65. First I put to the vote draft resolution A, entitled "Nuclear capability ofSouth Africa" . The report of t~e Fifth Committee on the administrative and financial implications of that draft resolution appears in docu- ment A/35/757. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
The draft resolution was adopted(resolution 35/147).
The President #4922
I shall now call on those representatives who wish to explain their votes.
Mr. Eilan ISR Israel #4923
Israel went along with the consensus expressed by the General Assembly in sup- Abstaining: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argen- tina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Central African Republic, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, German Democratic Republic, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malawi, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sweden, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Re- publics, United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland, Viet Nam, Yugoslavia.
The draft resolution was adopted by 96 votes to 3, with 44 abstentions (resolution 35//48).
The President #4924
We now come to the report on agenda item 40 [A/35/692]. The Assembly will vote on the draft resolution recommended in paragraph 7. A recorded vote has been requested,
A recorded vote was taken.
Vote: A/35/689] Consensus
The President #4925
We shall now take up the report of the First Committee on agenda item 43 [A/35/695]. The draft resolution recommended by the First Committee in paragraph 8 was adopted by the First Committee without a vote. May I consider that the Assembly wishes to do the same? The draft resolution was adopted(resolution 35//53). 103. The PRESIDENT: Now the General Assembly will consider part U of the report of the First Com- mittee on agenda item 44 [A/35/665/Ar/d./]. In addition to the 10 draft resolutions recommended by the First Committee, the Assembly has before it a draft decision [A/35/L,47/Rel'./]. 104. The Assembly will now take a decision on the 10 draft resolutions recommended by the First Com- mittee in paragraph 27 of its report. 105. We turn first to draft resolution A, entitled "United Nations programme of fellowships on dis- armament", which was adopted by the First Com- mittee without a vote. May I take it that it is the wish of the Assembly to do the same? 5 The delegation of Canada subsequently informed the Secre- tariat that it wished to have it vote recorded as having been against the draft resolution, 6 The delegations of Togo and Zaire subsequently informed the Secretariat that they wished to have their votes recorded as abstentions. 7 The delegation of Greece subsequently informed the Secretariat that it wished to have its vote recorded as having been against the draft resolution. R The delegation of Togo subsequently advised the Secretariat that it wished to have its vote recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. Against: None. Abstaining: Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Israel, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Mongolia, Poland, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Re- publics, United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America.
Abstaining: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malawi, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey. Draft resolution C was adopted by /24 votes to 4, with /7 abstentions (resolution 35//52 C). 108. The PRESIDENT: Now we turn to draft resolution 0, entitled "Non-use of nuclear weapons and prevention of nuclear war". A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vote was taken. In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colom- bia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Demo- cratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Para- guay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia,' Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,· Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuni- sia, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Against: Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Ita!y, Japan, Luxembourg, Nether- lands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ire- land, United States of America. Abstaining: Austria, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada," Czechoslovakia, German
Vote: 57/60 Recorded Vote
✓ 99   ✗ 6   38 abs.
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Draft resolution J was adopted by /32 votes to none, with /3 abstentions (resolution 35//52 J).
The President #4926
I now invite members to turn their attention to the draft decision contained in document A/35/L.47/Rev.1. I call on the representa- tive of Nigeria to introduce that draft decision.
Mr. Ayewah NGA Nigeria #4927
The General Assem- bly, by its resolution 33/71 H of 14 December 1978, decided to convene a special session devoted to dis- armament in 1982and to set up at its thirty-fifth session a Preparatory Committee for that special session. During the current session. and precisely on 3 Decem- ber 1980, the General Assembly established the Pre- paratory Committee [resolution 35/47] made up of 78 Member States. On 4 and 5 December the Prepara- tory Committee held an organizational session. \ 117. As a result of consultations during that session. my delegation, on behalf of the delegations of Cyprus, Costa Rica, the German Democratic Republic, Portugal and the Sudan, representing all the geographical regions, has been given the mandate to request the General Assembly to waive for its thirty-sixth session the provisions of paragraphs 24 and 34 of its decision 34/401 of25 October 1979. which would have the effect of prohibiting the holding of the meeting of any sub- sidiary organ during any ordinary session of the General Assembly. In other words. the General Assembly is being requested to allow the Preparatory Committee for the Second Special Session Devoted to
The draft decision was adopted (decision 35/430). 122. The PRESIDENT: We shall now turn to the report of the First Committee on agenda item 45. which is contained in document A/35/696. 123. I call on the representative of Albania in explana- tion of vote before the vote.
Mr. Baleta ALB Albania [French] #4928
When draft resolution A/C.1/35/L.44 was put to the vote in the First Committee on 24 November. my delegation voted against it. That negative vote was a confirmation of its constant attitude towards the demagogic proposal to conclude a so-called interna- tional convention on what is called the strengthening of the security of non-nuclear-weapon States. My delegation voted against the draft resolutions adopted in previous years as well for the same reason-that they were demagogic and dangerous. 125. The two imperialist super-Powers-the United States and the Soviet Union-have always speculated about the so-called negative guarantees to non-nuclear weapon States. It is precisely those two super-Powers that continue to increase and perfect their nuclear arsenals and maintain them as permanent blackmail against all peoples and countries. 126. A few days after the adoption of draft resolu- tion A/C.1/35/L.44. it was announced in the First Com- mittee that that draft resolution was intended to fulfil certain functions described in draft resolution A/C.I/ 35/L.1. which had been withdrawn because of the general discontent that it provoked. That is yet another reason for our delegation's opposition to the draft Against: Albania, United States of America. Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bhutan, Burma, Canada, Central African Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Cameroun, Zaire. 129. May I now invite members to turn their atten- tion to the recommendation of the First Committee in paragraph 7. A recorded vote has been requested.
The draft resolution was adopted hy 110 votes to 2. with 31 abstentions (resolution 35/154). 128. The PRESIDENT: We now turn to the report of the First Committee on agenda item 46 [A/35/697].
A recorded vote was taken.
Mr. Gay Ama COG Congo [French] #4929
In the First Committee my delegation abstained in the voting on the draft resolution entitled "Report of the Committee on Disarmament" because we wished to have certain supplementary information, Having obtained that information, my delegation would like to indicate now its intention of voting in favour of draft resolution I.
The President #4930
The Assembly will now take a decision on the II draft resolutions recommended by the First Committee in paragraph 34 of its report [A/35/699]. Draft resolution A is entitled "Study on
The President #4931
Draft resolution C is entitled "Non-stationing of nuclear weapons on the territories of States where there are no such weapons at present" . A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
Draft resolution F was adopted by /26 votes to none, with /9 abstentions (resolution 35/ /56 F).
The President #4932
Draft resolution G is entitled "Conclusion of an international convention prohibiting the development, production, stockpiling and use of radiological weapons". The Committee adopted draft resolution G without a vote. May I consider that the Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution G was adopted (resolution 35//56 G).
The President #4933
Draft resolution H is entitled "Prohibition of the production of fissionable material for weapon purposes". A recorded vote has again been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
The President #4934
We come now to agenda item 49. The First Committee's report is contained in document A/35/700. 147. I call on the representative ofIsrael who wishes to explain his vote before the vote.
Mr. Eilan ISR Israel #4935
Responsible and informed observers of the international community have long decried the growing politicization of the United Nations. Some have claimed that the United Nations itself has become the major obstacle to peace and stability in certain parts of the world-the exacerbator, not the mitigator, of conflict. Others have protested as one specialized agency after another-the ILO, WHO and UNESCO, among others-succumb to the plague of irrelevant and debilitating political machina- tions. The sad truth is that to the extent these sup- posedly technical and apolitical organizations have become entangled in United Nations politics, they have lost respect, expert personnel and vital funding. In short, their effective functioning has been sacrificed to the political manipulations of parochial interests. 149. This time the poison of politicization has spread to another arm of the United Nations-the Centre for Disarmament. Two years ago the international com- munity recognized the urgent need to set aside political differences in a common effort to confront the over- riding dangers posed by the ever-increasing arms build-up. Accordingly, it convened a special session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to disarmament. Unfortunately, the constructive spirit of that historic endeavour was marred by an attempt to inject partisan interests into the session's universal goals and concerns. As the 1979 yearbook of the Swedish International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) recounts, this attempt was rejected because of the overwhelming feeling among representatives that the introduction of this highly controversial initiative "would diffuse the focus of the session and undermine the consensus on the Final Document". 150. These, then, are the origins of the Iraqi draft resolution on which the Assembly is voting today. This draft resolution, by its very terms, prejudges the outcome of the study for which it calls. The Centre for Disarmament, instead of being allowed to devote 153. Israel's offer to the Arab States of the region and to States adjacent to the region was, and is, an unlinked deal. Nevertheless, the offer was turned down. As one Ambassador, a prominent leader in the field of disarmament, noted with regret, Israel was compelled to withdraw its draft resolution. Neverthe- less, as he correctly recognized, that withdrawal by no means indicated that Israel had changed its posi- tion on the subject matter. Israel, for its part, took note with satisfaction of the numerous and encouraging statements made in response to its initiative. 154. For these reasons, we urge all States genuinely concerned with achieving the ideal of disarmament to refuse to support this draft resolution.
The President #4936
The Assembly will now vote on the draft resolution recommended by the First Com- mittee in paragraph 7 of its report [A/35/700]. A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vote was taken. In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Dji- bouti, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Abstaining: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Burma, Canada, Central African Republic, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malawi, Nepal, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The draft resolution was adopted by 99 votes to 6, with 38 abstentions (resolution 35/157).
The President #4937
The representative of Iraq wishes to exercise his right of reply. I call upon him.
Mr. Awanis IRQ Iraq [Arabic] #4938
My delegation listened to the statement made a few moments ago by the representative of the Zionist entity in which he tried to justify his vote on the draft resolution just adopted. 158. The representative of the Zionist entity atternp' -d to deceive the international community and blatant.y ran counter to the noble tradition of the Orga- nization, by criticizing the views of 99 independent countries that freely voted in favour of draft resolution A/C.I/35/L.25. 159. My delegation, like delegations of other coun- tries, has during the past three years in the General Assembly always wondered why the Zionist entity did not adhere to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of NUclear Weapons, and why Israel has refused to submit its nuclear installations to full international control, including that of IAEA. Since the representative of the Zionist entity has no logical, rational reply to this question he attempts to ignore it every year, as he did a few moments ago, which constitutes in our view a recognition that the Zionist entity does possess the nuclear weapon. As usual he accused many countries, Iraq among them, of trying to obtain nuclear weapons, whereas in fact those countries adhere completely to the Non-Proliferation Treaty and submit to full interna- tional controls. 160. However the representative of the Zionist entity tries, he will not be able to convince the international community of the innocence of the military nuclear activities of his country. 169. In resolution 35/152 G, which has just been adopted, the General Assembly calls for the dissolution of existing military alliances and, as a first step, for refraining from actions conducive to the expansion of existing military groupings. The speedy implementa- tion of that appeal would not only be very important in itself but would open up further possibilities for limiting the arms race and resolving the whole range of disarmament problems. That resolution contains an appeal to the States permanent members of the Security Council and the countries which have military agreements with them to resolve not to increase their armed forces and conventional weapons, effective from an agreed date. The task now is to translate the timely decision of the General Assembly into practical actions to be taken by States. 170. An important matter taken up during the session was the strengthening of the security of the non-nuclear States against the use or threat of the use of nuclear weapons. The Soviet Union remains a staunch sup- porter of the conclusion of the appropriate convention on this matter with the participation of all nuclear and non-nuclear States. However, we are prepared, ifother nuclear Powers wish to do so, to examine various other solutions of the question of strengthening the security of non-nuclear States. 171. On our initiative, the General Assembly called upon all nuclear-weapon States to make solemn declarations, identical in substance, concerning the non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear States having no such weapons on their territories. In resolu- tion 35/154 the General Assembly recommends that the Security Council examine those declarations and adopt an appropriate resolution approving them. My delegation notes with satisfaction that at this session of the General Assembly the question of a general and complete ban on nuclear-weapons test has oc- cupied an important place. On the basis of the recommendations contained in the First Committee's report, two resolutions on this matter were adopted. We should like to stress in particular the positive side of those resolutions and the demand they contain for a speedy conclusion of the treaty on a general and complete ban on nuclear-weapons tests. The conclusion of that treaty would mean that no State would ever conduct a single nuclear test explosion and that a serious obstacle would thus be created to the development of nuclear weapons. 172. My delegation abstained in the vote on the two draft resolutions on the cessation of nuclear tests only because we had reservations about certain specific provisions. In particular, we believe that the participa- tion of all nuclear-weapon States 'is essential to a moratorium on experimental nuclear tests, and the moratorium itself should have a fixed time frame. resolution A/C.I/35/L.62, which was submitted L/ my delegation and others on the question of non-inter- ference in the internal affairs of States. As is stated in paragraph 8 of the report, because of insufficient time, the First Committee did not take a decision on the draft resolution, and it was agreed that the: identical draft 185. My delegation would like to make some observa- tions on the question of non-interference and non- intervention in the internal affairs of States as this relates to the consideration of that item during this session. 191. My delegation calls on those delegations which have so far excluded themselves from formal par- ticipation in the preparation of a declaration not to allow, through their non-participation in the process the adoption of a declaration from which their very valuable contributions would be missing. 186. Weak countries must rely for their protection on the legal and moral force of international instruments prepared and adopted by the international community to encourage restraint in the conduct of States. The differing interpretations to which, in particular, Arti- cle 2, paragraph 4, of the Charter has been subjected have introduced an uncertainty and a climate of doubt among, small States as to the sanctity of their terri- torial integrity and political independence when they attract the attention of a disapproving larger and more powerful State. It is no secret that a large number of the members of that group of States have been victims of those new interpretations. There is need, urgent need, for some reassurance to be given to all States, but especially to those small States concerned about the evolution of what appear to be new interpretations, in practice, of States concerning the principle of non- interference and non-intervention in the internal affairs of States. 192. I shall call on those representatives who wish to explain their votes before the vote. I call on the repre- sentative of Luxembourg, who will speak on behalf of the European Community.
Mr. Peters LUX Luxembourg on behalf of nine member States of the European Community and Greece #4939
Speaking on draft resolution A/35/L.43 and Add.I on behalf of the nine member States of the European Community and Greece, I should like to put on record the fact that we continue to have serious reservations about the proposal to have a draft declaration on non-interference in the internal affairs of States discussed in the First Committee. 194. Although the Community will not oppose the renewal of the mandate oftheAd Hoc Working Group, I should recall that for the reasons set out by Ireland on behalf of the Community at the 55th meeting of the First Committee, on 7 December 1979, they voted against the text adopted as Assembly resolution 34/10I, which set up the Group in the first instance. 187. I make the point to emphasize the fact that the group of States making up the non-aligned movement, which has proposed for four sessions past the adop- tion of a declaration on non-interference and non- intervention in the internal affairs of States, is com- mitted to its adoption and sees the support of the remainder of the international community as being complementary to that end. 195. Certain States members of the Community par- ticipated in the Working Group when it met during the early stages of this session of the General Assembly. Their purpose in doing so was to suggest that the First Committee alone is not qualified to consider questions which impinge so widely upon the com- petences of other Committees, in particular the Sixth Committee. 188. The hand of co-operation offered by the mem- bers of the non-aligned movement and their efforts to encourage the participation by all Members of the United Nations in the process of discussion and consideration aiming at a consensus should not con- 199. My country recognizes that those problems are the by-product of the growing mistrust between States, as evidenced by the daily reports of increasing areas of tension. 200. In our view, the draft resolution recommended in document A/35/701 and the report prepared by the Group of Governmental Experts, on which the draft resolution has been based, are timely in that they seek to remind us of our obligations and responsibilities under the Declaration, and have thereby helped to focus attention on crucial elements which should help in reducing tensions and in promoting world peace. 201. In this connexion, it must be pointed out that the one-sided yearly debates on this item seriously detract from the purpose of the exchange of views on the item. While some delegations are eager to speak on the item and have never failed to use the debates as a platform for projecting their own ideological propaganda, most delegations, regrettably, prefer not 205. The General As .mbly is now being called upon to take a decision on that same draft resolution which the First Committee recommends in paragraph 9 of its report. The delegation of Albania would like at this stage to make a few remarks in explanation of the stand it will take when that text is put to the vote. 206. It goes without saying that the establishment and safeguarding of genuine peace and security have always been the great aspiration of peoples throughout the world. Today more than ever before peace-loving peoples throughout the world are interested in and desirous of seeing peace and lasting security estab- lished. That is why anxiety and concern are increasing everywhere, in view of rhe existing tense and explosive situation in the world 'and by the dangers and threats created by the hegemonistic and aggressive policy of the super-Powers and imperialist powers, in their unprecedented arms race and their unparallelled preparations for war. That anxiety and concern are reflected to a certain extent in the text of the draft resolution now before the Assembly. That draft resolu- tion, like previous texts, contains a certain number of considerations and conclusions that are accurate with respect to many aspects of the international security situation. The text also takes up principles and norms that are well known in international law and are included in the Charter. We support all that. But our delegation, on the other hand, does have comments and reservations to express on certain ideas and some of the wording of the text. 207. We cannot share the view that the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security has played an important role in international life during the past to years. During that entire period, peace and security have been further threatened and there have been breaches of the peace, more than in the past. 208. The preamble of that draft resolution admits that violations of the principles of the Charter and the prin- ciples embodied in the Declaration itself have been 209. We disapprove of the appeals that are made to the permanent members of the Security Council in operative paragraph 6. The imperialist super-Powers will not heed that type of appeal, and will do quite the contrary of what is being requested of them. 210. Nor can we support the view expressed in para- graph 12 concerning what should be done to strengthen the effectiveness of the Security Council. We cannot expect a strengthening of the effectiveness of that body, since it suffers from the obstructionism of the imperialist super-Powers. 211. Serious events in the world this year, in Europe in particular, mean that paragraph 9 runs counter to the facts even more than might have been the case. We have seen a dangerous heightening of tension in Europe and have become more aware that there is no security or stability there. The second review session of the Conference on Security end Co-opera- tion in Europe, being held at Madrid, demonstrates once more the failure of the so-called European security system. 212. We have just listed a few reasons why the Albanian delegation cannot support the draft resolu- tion, and why we shall not participate in the vote.
Mr. Khan PAK Pakistan #4940
The delegation of Pakistan will vote in favour of the procedural draft resolution contained in document A/35/L.43 and Add.I, because we attach the utmost importance to the adoption of a declaration on non-intervention and non-interference in the conduct of international relations. 220. The draft declaration that was considered this year by the Ad floc Working Group in the First Committee gives rise to the same kinds of difficulties which my delegation had with last year's draft resolu- tion, and which we articulated in our explanation of vote last year.'? The draft resolution now before the Assembly in many sections seeks to reinterpret and rephrase-often inaccurately-previously agreed prin- ciples contained in the Charter, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accord- ance with the Charter of the United Nations and in the Definition of Aggression. This is a practice which can only serve to weaken the fundamental principles involved. 214. The principle of non-intervention and non- interference is embodied in the Charter of the United Nations. It is a central theme of non-alignment, and it represents an imperative condition for the strength- ening of international peace and security and for political world order based on respect for the sover- eignty, political independence and territorial integrity of States. 215. At the heart of the deepening political crisis in the present-day world is the increasing resort to use of force and military intervention by major Powers against the smaller and medium-sized nations. Pakistan, being a third-world country, preoccupied with safeguarding its independence and with the task of socio-economic development, has therefore a funda- mental interest in the elimination of such intervention and interference from the international scene. 216. While underlining the importance of the need for early adoption of a declaration on non-intervention and non-interference, my delegation would wish to take this opportunity to make its position clear on one particular aspect of the procedural draft resolu- tion A/35/L.43 and Add.l. This draft resolution refers to the report submitted by the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the First Committee at the 52nd meeting of the Committee. This report mentions 12 See Offici«! Re, 01'<1.\ I!( ttu. Genera! A.\.\('II/hh. Ihirtv-Ionnh Session, First COII/II/ill!'('. 55th meeting. and ihid.. Scssion«! Fasci- clc corrigcndum. 221. My delegation believes that the problem does not lie in an insufficiency of commonly agreed prin- ciples, declarations and definitions. Rather, the problem clearly lies in the failure of some States to observe the principles, declarations and definitions to which they have agreed. 222. My delegation understands the very real con- cerns and laudable motives of the sponsors of the draft
A recorded vote was taken.
The President #4941
I now put to the vote the draft resolution as a whole, as amended by the adoption of the amendment in document A/35/L.48. A recorded vote has been requ..sted.
A recorded vote was taken,
Mr. Troyanovsky Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [Russian] #4942
The consideration by the General Assembly of the item concerning implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security is this year taking place in special circumstances. It is the tenth anniversary of the adoption of that Declaration. The resolution just adopted by the General Assembly correctly emphasizes the important role played by that Declaration in strengthening the peace and security of peoples and in promoting co-operation among States on the basis of the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 235. During the past decade the Declaration has pro tided a broad programme of action to develop and implement international detente, to prevent the danger of another war, to adopt appropriate measures in the field of disarmament and to put an end to the policies of hegemonism, colonialism, racism and apartheid in international life. 236. The annual examination at sessions of the General Assembly on the situation with regard to the implementation of the provisions of the Declaration has allowed all States to focus attention on the carrying out ofthe main task of the United Nations: to guarantee world peace and to develop all-round mutually advantageous co-operation among States with different social systems. 237. However, during this present discussion it was quite correctly noted that there are still hotbeds of tension and new conflicts between States have arisen which threaten international peace and security, and the arms race is continuing and is increasing. The profound concern is understandable since the process of international detente has met with serious obstacles. In this respect, we are satisfied that the General Assembly has quite definitely come out in favour of detente. It has urgently called upon all States, in particular the permanent members of the Security Council, to take the necessary steps to prevent the weakening or wrecking of the process of detente and to refrain from any actions which might worsen the international situation or complicate the elimination of hotbeds of tension in various regions of the world. 238. As for Europe, the General Assembly in that resolution has expressed the hope that the second review session of the Conference on Security and Co- operation in Europe, being held at Madrid, will promote the maintenance and progress of the process ofdetente in Europe, as well as peace and stability throughout the world. 239. The adoption 20 years ago of the historic Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples has played an im- with the participation of the nuclear Powers; to respect the sovereign right of the States of that region to their natural resources; not to create any obstacles or threats to normal trade relations and the use of maritime routes which connect States of that region with other countries of the world." 241. Mr. Brezhnev expressed the view that that type of agreement, in which, naturally, the States of that 243. The universal principles of international law are an integral part of an organic whole and, as such, they should be dealt with with great care, without losing sight of the possible implications that any exclusively political treatment could have for their effective implementation. 244. On the basis of those concerns, my delegation felt obliged to abstain again this year. We voted in favour of the amendment in document A/35/L.48 for obvious reasons, which I do not need to explain more fully in the Assembly. But, as far as the draft resolu- tion on the strengthening of international security is concerned, although we fully appreciate the consider- able effort made by the sponsors in order to prepare a generally acceptable text, I must say that certain elements, as for example those contained in operative paragraph 10, led us to abstain this year again, for reasons that I shall not go into as they have been explained in the two previous years in the General Assembly and the First Committee.
The meeting rose at 6.20 p.m .