A/RES/35/157 GA

III. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the First Committee 79 (c) Stressed that in the Programme of Action it was established that, in the task of achieving the goals of nu- clear disarmament, all nuclear-weapon States, in partic- ular those among them which possess the most im- portant nuclear arsenals, bear a special responsibility,7' Recalling that the SALT II agreement-which bears the official title of "Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms"-was final- ly signed on 18 June 1979, after six years of bilateral nego- tiations, and that its text, together with the texts of the Protocol to the Treaty and of the joint statement of prin- ciples and basic guidelines for subsequent negotiations on the limitation of strategic arms, both signed on the same date as the Treaty, and that of a joint com- munique, also issued on 18 June 1979, were reproduced as a document of the Committee on Disarmament, 76 Reaffirming that, as stated in its resolution 34/87 F of 11 December 1979, it shares the conviction expressed by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America in the joint statement that early agree- ment on the further limitation and further reduction of strategic arms would serve to strengthen international peace and security and to reduce the risk of outbreak of nuclear war, Bearing in mind that in the same resolution it ex- pressed its trust that the SALT II Treaty would enter into force at an early date, inasmuch as it constituted a vital element for the continuation and progress of the negotiations between the two States possessing the most important arsenals of nuclear weapons, Recalling that, at its first special session devoted to disarmament, it proclaimed that existing arsenals of nu- clear weapons alone were more than sufficient to destroy all life on earth, that the increase in weapons, es- pecially nuclear weapons, far from helping to strengthen international security, on the contrary weakened it, and that the existence of nuclear weapons and the con- tinuing arms race posed a threat to the very survival of mankind, for which reasons the General Assembly declared that all the peoples of the world had a vital in- terest in the sphere of disarmament, Noting that the Disarmament Commission, at its ses- sion held in 1980, agreed, while examining the "Ele- ments of the Declaration of the 1980s as the Second Dis- armament Decade", to include, among the concrete measures which should be given the highest priority, the ratification of the strategic arms limitation agreement (SALT II) and the commencement of negotiations for a SALT Ill agreement, 77 Noting also that in the debates of the Committee on Disarmament during its session held in 1980 the need for prompt ratification of the Treaty was constantly stressed, Convinced that the signature in good faith of a treaty, especially if it is the culmination of prolonged and con- scientious negotiations, carries with it the presumption that its ratification will not be unduly delayed, 1. Deplores that the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT II) has not yet been ratified, notwithstanding that it was signed on 18 June 1979 and in spite of the many other reasons existing for such ratification as ii- " Ibid., pafa. 48. "See CD/53/Appendix 111/Vol.l, document CD<'X 77 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirti-fifth Session. Supplement No. 42 (A/35/42), para. 19_ · lustrated by those summarized in the preamble of the present resolution; 2. Urges the two signatory States not to delay any further the implementation of the procedure provided for in article XIX of the Treaty for its entry into force, taking particularly into account that not only their national interests but also the vital interests of all the peoples are at stake in this question; 3. Trusts that, pending the entry into force of the Treaty, the signatory States, in conformity with the pro- visions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 78 will refrain from any act which would defeat the object and purpose of the Treaty; 4. Reiterates its satisfaction, already expressed in its resolution 34/87 F, at the agreement reached by both parties in the joint statement of principles and basic guidelines for subsequent negotiations on the limitation of strategic arms, signed the same day as the Treaty, to the effect of continuing to pursue negotiations, in ac- cordance with the principle of equality and equal secu- rity, on measures for the further limitation and reduc- tion in the number of strategic arms, as well as for their further qualitative limitation which should culminate in the SALT III treaty, and to the effect also of endeavour- ing in such negotiations to achieve, inter alia, the fol- lowing objectives: (a) Significant and substantial reductions in the numbers of strategic arms; (b) Qualitative limitations on strategic offensive arms, including restrictions on the development, testing and deployment of new types of strategic offensive arms and on the modernization of existing strategic offensive arms; 5. Invites the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America to keep the General Assembly appropriately informed of the results of their negotiations, in conformity with the provisions of paragraphs 27 and 114 of the Final Docu- ment of the Tenth Special Session of the General As- sembly; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-sixth session the item entitled "Strategic arms limitation talks". 94th plenary meeting 12 December 1980 35/157. Israeli nuclear armament The General Assembly, Recalling its relevant resolutions on the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Mid- dle East, Reaffirming its resolution 33/71 A of 14 December 1978 on military and nuclear collaboration with Israel, and its resolution 34/89 of 11 December 1979 on Israeli nuclear armament, I. Takes note of the progress report of the Secretary- General on the work of the Group of Experts to Pre- pare a Study on Israeli Nuclear Armament;?' 2. Requests the Secretary-General to pursue his ef- forts in this regard and to submit his report to the Gen- eral Assembly at its thirty-sixth session; '' See Official Records of the United Nations Conference on the law of Treaties. Documents of the Conference (United Nat ions publication, Sales No. E.70.V.5), document A/CONF.19/27. ,, t\, 35/458 80 General Assembly-Thirty-fifth Session 3. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-six~h session the item entitled "Israeli nuclear armament" 94th plenary meeting I 2 December I 980 35/158. Implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security The General Assembly. Having considered the item entitled "Review of the Implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security" and the report 80 of the Secretary-General prepared with the assistance of the Group of Governmental Experts on the Implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of I nterna- tional Security, Taking note of the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration on the Strengthening of Interna- tional Security81 and the important role it has played in consolidating peace and security and promoting co- operation among States on the basis of the purposes and principles of the United Nations, Noting with satisfaction that the vast majority of Member States has adhered and actively contributed to the implementation of the provisions and principles of the Declaration, Profoundly disturbed by the escalation of acts of viola- tion of the Charter of the United Nations and the princi- ples and provisions embodied in the Declaration by recourse to the threat or use of force, military interven- tion, interference and occupation, resulting in breaches of the peace and threats to international peace and se- curity, Deeply concerned at the continued existence of crises and focal points of tension, the emergence of new con- flicts among States endangering international peace and security, the continuation and escalation of the arms race, particularly the nuclear-arms race, and the further increase of military expenditure, the pursuance of the policy of rivalry, the confrontation and struggle for the division of the world into spheres of influence and domination, the continuance of colonialism, neo- colonialism, racism in all its manifestations and apartheid, the further aggravation of the international economic situation and the widening of the gap between the developed and the developing countries, which remain the main obstacles to the strengthening of inter- national peace and security, Noting that, increasingly, the Security Council has not been able to act in accordance with its mandate under the Charter and that in several instances the General As- sembly has been called upon in special and emergency special sessions to consider critical international problems affecting or threatening international peace and security, Noting with deep concern that the process of relaxation of intern~tional tension~, which has evolved during the decade smce the adopt10n of the Declaration, has re- mained limited, both in scope and in its geographical ap- plication, and has encountered a serious setback, 1. Solemnly reaffirms, on the occasion of the thirty- fifth anniversary of the United Nations and the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration on the '" A/35/505 and Add.1-3. "' Resolution 2734 (XXV). Strengthening of International Security. the universal and unconditional validity of purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations as the basis of rela- tions among States, irrespective of their size. geograph- ical location, level of development or their political. economic, social or ideological systems, as a basic way to ensure international peace and security; 2. Strongly condemns any act of violation of the Charter, particularly of its principles of sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity of States and of the inalienable rights of peoples under colonial or racist regimes, foreign occupation and alien domina- tion to self-determination and independence in pur- suance of their national destiny, in accordance with their political, economic, social and ideological aspirations, by the use of military force or intervention and inter- ference or by tnore subtle and insidious means of sub- version and destabilization, or by any form of political, economic, military, psychological, financial or ideologi- cal pressure; 3. Urges all States to abide strictly, in their inter- national relations, by their commitments under the Charter and, to that end, to implement consistently the principles and provisions of the Declaration; 4. Commends all efforts of Member States directed towards the consolidation of political and legal founda- tions for strengthening international peace and security and the peaceful coexistence of States on the basis of the Charter, particularly those in respect of the consolida- tion of the principles of the non-use of force in interna- tional relations, non-intervention and non-interference and the peaceful settlement of disputes between States, the early completion of which would contribute to the strengthening of peace and security and promote mutually beneficial co-operation and friendly relations among States; 5. Again invites all States to reject any support for or encouragement of any form of intervention or inter- ference in the internal or external affairs of States for any reason whatsoever and to refuse recognition of situations brought about by the threat or use of force against any Member State; 6. Urges all States, particularly the permanent mem- bers of the Security Council, to take all the necessary steps to prevent further erosion or disruption of the pro- cess of detente and ro refrain from any act which may aggravate the international situation, impede the reso- lution of crises and the elimination of focal points of tension in various regions of the world and hamper the implementation of the decisions and recommendations adopted at the tenth special session of the General Assembly 82 on halting and reversing the arms race, par- ticularly the nuclear-arms race, which are essential for the preservation of international peace and security; 7. Reaffirms the decision, taken at its tenth special session, by which it called upon the Security Council to take appropriate effective measures to prevent the non- fulfilment of the objectives of the denuclearization of Africa, 81 and notes with alarm that the nuclear capability of South Africa poses a serious danger to the security of African States and to international peace and security; 8. Expresses its satisfaction that the process of decolonization is nearing its end and reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples under colonial or racist regimes, foreign domination and alien occupation "' See resolution S-10/2. "' Ibid., para. n3 I cl

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