A/36/PV.102 General Assembly

On behalf of the spon- sors, I have the honour to introduce the draft resolution entitled "Women and children under apartheid", con- tained in document Al36/L.44 and Add.l. The draft reso- lution is composed of five preambular paragraphs and five operative paragraphs. I should like to draw the attention of the General Assembly to the major paragraphs in the draft resolution. 3. In the preambular part, the General Assembly ex- presses its grave concern about the inhuman oppression of millions of women and children under apartheid, resulting in the killing, detention and torture of schoolchildren protesting against racial discrimination, the enforced sepa- ration of women from their husbands and mass starvation in the reserve area. It commends the Special Committee against Apartheid and its Task Force on Women and Chil- dren for giving special attention to the plight of women and children under apartheid. The General Assembly notes the wide observance of 9 August 1981 as the Inter- national Day of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women in South Africa and Namibia and also notes with apprecia- tion the establishment of the International Committee of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women in South Africa and Namibia. 4. In operative paragraph I of the draft resolution the Assembly would invite all Governments and organizations to observe 9 August annually as the International Day of NEW YORK Solidarity with the Struggle of Women in South Africa and Namibia. This date marks the anniversary of the his- toric demonstration of South African women against the pass laws in Pretoria on 9 August 1956. By observing the International Day, the international community would ex- press its solidarity with the women suffering under the apartheid regime and its support for their righteous strug- gle to eliminate this repressive system. 5. In operative paragraphs 2 and 3, the General Assem- bly would encourage the Special Committee against Apartheid to intensify activities in support of women and children oppressed by apartheid, and authorize it to or- ganize conferences, seminars and missions for this pur- pose. The Assembly would appeal to all Governments and organizations to provide generous contributions to the projects of the national liberation movements and front- line States assisting the refugee women and children from South Africa. 6. Furthermore, in operative paragraphs 4 and 5 it would invite the co-operation of all Governments and organizations with the Special Committt.e in promoting solidarity with and assistance to the women and children of South Africa in their struggle for libei'ation and would request the Secretary-General to ensure the closest co-op- eration by the Centre against Apartheid and the Centre for Social and Humanitarian Affairs, as well as the Depart- ment of Public Information of the Secretariat, with a view to maximum publicity for the plight of women and chil- dren under apartheid and their struggle for national liber- ation. 7. On behalf of the sponsors, I would call on the Gen- eral Assembly to support this important draft resolution.

I wish, on behalf of its sponsors, to introduce draft. reso- lution A/36/L.45 and Add. 1, entitled "Public information and public action against apartheid and role of the mass media in the struggle against apartheid". 9. Since solidarity movements, trade unions, religious organizations and women's and youth organizations, as well as student organizations, do have an impact on the decision-makers, the mass media are a peaceful and prac- tical means of working to exert pressure or influence on certain countries so that they will change their attitude regarding the policy of apartheid. More intense efforts should be made promptly to keep the world p'Jblic in- formed at the level of the situation in South Africa and southern Africa as a whole with a view to isolating the apartheid regime completely and to supporting the legiti- mate struggle of the national liberation movements. 10. Draft resQlutio.n N36/L.45 and Add. I expresses the urgent need to mobilize at the international level, the en- tire world so as to eliminate this most loathsome policy. It refers to the International Seminar on Publicity and Role of Mass Media in the International Mobilization against Apartheid, held at Berlin from 31 August to 2 September 11. Operative paragraphs 7 and 8 deal with collabora- tion with the apartheid regime. In operative paragraph 7 the Assembly would call on non-governmental organizations to desist from any fonn of collaboration with the apartheid regime. In operative paragraph 8 the Assembly would request the Secretary-General to lend his co-opera- tion to the Special Committee in investigating and pub- licizing the collaboration of certain non-governmental organizations with the apartheid regime with a view to persuading them to desist from such collaboration. 12. I call attention to operative paragraph 9 of this draft resolution in. which the Assembly would appeal to all Governments to contribute generously to the Trust Fund for Publicity against Apartheid. 13. There are many positive and constructive aspects to this draft resolution and I believe that it should enjoy the support of all Member States. In the hope that we shall adopt this draft resolution unanimously, the Egyptian del- egation believes that there is no question about our view on the need to eliminate apartheid, that most inhuman policy. We also believe that there is unanimity on the important and decisive role played by the mass media.

On behalf of my delegation and the other sponsors of .draft resolution A/36/CA6 and Add. I, it is an honour for me to introduce that text, which is entitled "Relations be- tween Israel and South Africa". 15. I am sure that everybody here is aware of and well infonned about the deterioration of the situation and the dangers it involves in view of the bilateral relations and collaboration, which is intensifying, between the two rac- ist regimes of Israel and South Africa. Annex I of the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid in doc- ument A/36/22 and Corr. I emphasizes recent develop- ments in the relations and collaboration between South Africa and Israel in the military. political, nuclear. eco:- nomic and cultural fields, as well as the exchange of mili- tary and technical information and experiences, particU- larly in the tield of nuclear energy. In addition to the exchange of official visits. there was. for example. as published in The New York Times of 14 December 1981. an account of the recent visit of the Israeli Minister of Defence to South Africa. During that visit there was a re- view of the South African occupation forces in Namibia. 16. The Special Committee has emphasized in its report the efforts and the participation of the racist South Af- rican regime in the establishment of new settlements in Israel and the ever-increasing trade and economic rela- tions. South African exports to Israel rose from $8.1 mil- lion in 1971 to $79.9 million in 1979. Israeli exports: to South Africa rose from $9.4 million in 1971 to $37.7 million in 1979. During the first nine months of 1980, Israeli exports to South Africa rose to $33 million and its imports from there amounted to $63 million. 23. Some countries may find the scope of the draft reso- lution too limited. Howeve:-, as was the case in previous 17. The preambular part of this draft resolution recalls years, the sponsors have fonnulated the operative part in resolution 35/206 H, in which the General Assembly con- such a way as to make it possible for the widest range of demned the continued and growing co-operation b~tween countries to vote for it. The broadest possible support for 18. In the operative part of the draft resolution the Gen- eral Assembly strongly condemns the continuing and in- creasing collaboration by Israel with the racist regime of South Africa and demands that Israel desist from all fonns of collaboration with South Africa, particularly in the military and nuclear fields, and abide scrupulously by the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council. It also requests the Special Committee against Apartheid to keep the matter under constant re- view and to report to the General Assembly and line Se- curity Council as appropriate. 19. We have every confidence that the international community will do everything possible to take all neces- sary action and to exert all necessary pressure on these two racist regimes, which have been condemned by the Assembly in the past, and we trust that there will be full support for draft resolution A/36/L.46 and Add.l.

On behalf of the spon- sors. my delegation has'ttle honour of introducing the draft resolution contained in document A/36/L.48 and Add.1 entitled "Investments in South Africa". 21. During its previous sessions the General Assembly adopted by an increasing majority resolutions urging the Security Council to consider steps to achieve the 'cessation of further foreign investments in South Africa as eco- nomic sanctions aimed at putting pressure on the Govern- ment of South Africa to dismantle its apartheid system. At the International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa, held in Paris in May, the need for further concrete sanctions against South Africa was underlined with the support of a broad range of countries. We regret- fully note, however, although the question of South Africa has been before the Security Council, it has so far been . unable to reach agreement on steps to achieve the cessa- tion of further foreign" investment in and financial loans to South Africa. 22. Since the Assembly adopted resolution 35/206 Q last year, the motives for taking steps in that direction h~ve remained equally pressing. A diminishing inflow of capital for investments and other purposes into South Af- rica would be an effective means of pressing the South African regime to change its racial and aggressive policies. Among other things, it would make it more difficult for that country to carry out the increasingly costly build-up of its military and nuclear capacity and of its energy re- serves for the purpose of withstanding internal and inter- national pressure. Therefore the sponsors of draft resolu- tion A/36/L.48 and Add. I believe it is urgent to strengthen efforts to stem the flo\l' of resources to South Africa for the purpose of investments.

I have the honour to intro- duce, on behalf of several sponsors, the draft resolution contained in document A/36/L.49 and Add. I, entitled "United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa". 26. The United Nations has a clear obligation, in ac- cordance with the principles of the Charter, to work for the t<?tal eradication of the policy of apartheid. Until this objective is achieved the States in the international com- munity should do whatever they can to alleviate the suf- ferings caused by that policy and to assist the victims of apartheid. That is the principal objective of the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa, which was estab- lished by the General Assembly in 1965. 27. As pointed out in ·the Secretary-General's report [A/36/6/9 and CO"./] the Fund gives grants to voluntary organizations, to Governments of host countries receiving refugees from South Africa and to other appropriate bodies for the following purposes: first, legal assistance to persons persecuted under South Africa's repressive and discriminatory legislation; secondly, relief to such persons and their dependants; thirdly, education of such persons and their dependants; fourthly, relief for refugees from South Africa; and, fifthly, relief and assistance to persons persecuted under repressive and discriminatory legislation in Namibia. 28. The South African authorities' systematic repression of opponents of apartheid continues. The situation for the opponents is extremely difficult, and the assistance ren- dered by the Trust Fund, is therefore, increasingly needed. 29. Fortunately, the contributions to the Trust Fund have gradually increased as a sign of growing international sol- idarity with the victims of apartheid. The Secretary-Gen- eral's report lists a great number of countries which have contributed to the Fund for 1981. The Committee of Trustees of the Fund points out, however, in the report that still larger contributions are necessary in order to meet the increased requirements: 30. It is against this background that I have the honour to introduce draft resolution A/36/L.49 and Add.l. The large number of sponsors is another testimony to the in- ternational concern for the plight of the victims of apartheid and the need for increased assistance. It con- tains an appeal for generous contributi~ns to the Trust Fund and to the voluntary agencies concerned. The spon- sors trust that this appeal will receive a positive. response. Furthermore, we believe that the General Assembly will again demonstrate its solidarity with the victims of apartheid and adopt the draft resolution unanimously.

I shall now call on those repre- sentatives who wish to explain their votes before the vote.

The Constitution of the Portuguese Republic re- jects all forms of racism and racial discrimination, and this reflects the most profound feelings of the Portuguese 33. The subjection of the majority of the South African people to laws imposed by the white minority is made possible only by the authoritarian regime of Pretoria which, as the years pass, is obliged to have recourse to increasing militarization, which is the only way of ensur- ing the maintenance of apartheid. Furthermore, the very maintenance of the apartheid regime creates instability and insecurity in all of southern Africa, for, owing to the moral and material assistance they lend to the cause of the oppressed peoples of South Africa, the front-line States are faced with reprisals by the Pretoria Government that tend to increase as the internal tension in South African society increases. 34. In recent years it has been thought that some of the decisions of the South African Government suggested a change in respect of the rigidity of apartheid and the rac- ist measures characteristic of it. Usually, these have been short-lived hopes. The South African Government has obstinately refused to put an end to its policy of establh:h- ing bantustans. The Pretoria authorities, indifferent to the clearly stated and unanimous international rejection of the bantustans that already exist, nevertheless arrogate to themselves the right to continue their inhuman policy of shifting populations, the most recent example' being the institutionalization of Ciskei. 35. My Government still believes that confrontation be- tween the various ethnic groups in South Africa can be avoided if fundaPlental and structural changes occur in its society. The existence of internal forces within the white minority that desire a change in the system is a fact which deserv'es the encouragement and the support of the international community. Accordingly, my delegation wel- comed the remarks of the Chairman of the Special Com- mittee against Apartheid, Mr. Maitama-Sule-and here I should like to pay a tribute to him for his work-when he recalled in his statement at the 75th meeting of the Assembly that not only the Coloured population but also white men and women had boycotted the celebrations or- ganized last May by the Pretoria Government. 36. The conviction that the white minority will in- creasingly become aware of the non-viab.tity of building a society based on racial inequality leads my Government to withhold its agreement to the complete isolation of South Africa. Portugal is unequivocally in favour of inter- national pressure to put an end to the aberrant system of apartheid, but we cannot lend our support to measures that make dialogue absolutely impossible, because that is the only way to furnish the forces of justice with the nec- essary courage and energy to bring about the changes that are essential in South African society. 37. Those principles will determine my delegation's position on the draft resolutions on which we shall be voting. Portugal firmly condemns the violence of apartheid. ~at is why we unhesitatingly support cam- paigns such as those for the releage of political prisoners, the defence of the rights of women Clt1d children under apartheid and the denunciation of aggression against neighbouring countries, whether it be the illegal occupa- tion of Namibia or the armed raids into Angola and 38. Portuguese support for all efforts to promote a new society in South Africa in which all discrimination based on race, colour or creed would be eliminated requires that we attempt to avoid hampering the initiatives of those who within the country are struggling for fundamental changes in the current system. This means that contact must.be kept with the people of South Africa, and ac- cordingly, my delegation cannot vote in favour of draft resolutions such as those contained in documents A/36/ L.35 and Add. I and A/36/L.42 and Add.l. ::..-s... 39. The important work done by the Special Committee against Apartheid is dl!ly appreciated by my Government. For this reason, despite our reservation with regard to op- erative paragraph 4, my delegation will support the pro- gramme of work contained in draft resolution A/36/L.47 and Add.I. 40. Mr. de PINIEs (Spain) (interpretation from Spanish): Our objection of the policy of apartheid of the Govern- ment of South Africa and our condemnation of the system of bantustans are a constant feature of Spain's foreign pol- icy, which has been reflected in many statements by my delegation. Because we share the concern over the social injustices inherent in racial discrimination which have been brought on by the policy of apartheid, the delega- tion of Spain, as in past years, has given its support to the great majority of the draft resolutions before us. Of the 16 draft resolutions introduced, Spain will vote in favour of 12 of them, and has co-sponsored three. 4I. Unfortunately, some of the measures which are con- templated in certain of the draft resolutions and the harshness of the language contained in them, with dis- criminatory and unacceptable references to certain coun- tries, make it impossible for us to support all of the draft resolutions. 42. My delegation will abstain on draft resolution A/36/ L.34 and Add.1 because it does not deem suitable the references to certain countries in operative paragraphs 3, ,8 and I I. Although we support the right of the oppressed 'peoples of South Africa to free themselves from the odious system of apartheid, we do not believe that the reference to armed struggle contained in operative para- graph 13 is appropriate in the context of what the Organ- ization is striving to achieve. In connection with operative paragraph 6, the delegation of Spain is not convinced that comprehensive'and mandatory sanctions, universally and indiscriminately applied, are the best means of helping the oppressed people of South Africa in their legitimate struggle. Nevertheless, although we shall abstain on the draft resolution as a whole, in view of the financial im- plications of operative paragraphs 17 and 18, which pro- 44. We shall also vote against draft resolution A/36/L.38 and Add. I, because it reiterates the condemna- tion of ce,:tain Western countries and mentions certain groups of countries in an arbitrary and ambiguous manner in the preamble and in operative paragraphs I and 4. 45. As regards draft resolution A/36/L.45 and Add. I on the role of the mass media in the struggle against apartheid, the delegation of Spain will abstain as a matter of principle, because any attempt to impose guidelines on the media is incompatible with the system of freedom of the press established in our Constitution, although the goals of the campaign in question are worthy of respect. 46. On the other hand, we shall vote in favour of draft resolution A/36/L.36, and Add. I, despite the fact that we disagree with some of the ideas it contains, because we consider that the continuing acts of aggression by South Africa against independent African countries deserve se- rious condemnation. 47. We shall also vote in'. favour of draft resolut\ons A/36/L.39 and Add. I and A/36/L.40 and Add. I, relating, respectively, to an arms embargo and an oil embargo. As I have already said in meetings of the Security Council on the question of Namibia, we voted in favour of specific provisions on an oil 'embargo and on the strengthening of the arms embargo already imposed by the Council. I should, however, like to point out that in the opinion of the Spanish delegation, and according to the division of authority established in the Charter, the imposition of sanctions is the responsibility of the Security Council. This reservation applies to all the references contained in various paragraphs of the draft resolutions before us urg- ing the Council to adopt measures under Chapter VII of the Charter. 48. We should like to express our reservations regarding references to certain countries, such as those contained in the preamble to draft resolution A/36/L.42 and Add. I, to New Zealand and the United States, and in general re- garding attempts to direct the mass media to carry out campaigns against certain countries.

New Zealand has willingly accepted a comfiJitment to work with the inter- national community to put an end to the apartheid system. We have done so for many reasons, not least of which is that apartheid attacks the standards, ,principles and values upon which our own society is based. We 50. Some of the draft resolutions before us today do not seek to attract such a consen~us. Others imply that we should be prepared to set aside some of our own princi- ples and standards in order the better to overcome the injustices of a system which we abhor precisely because it has rejected those and other standards. That is something we are not prepared to do. 51. New Zealand is committed to upholding the princi- ples of the Charter. We accordingly do not endorse the unqualifie<! support that some of the texts lend to the con- cept of armed struggle. We cannot support proposals which seek to pre-empt the functions of the Security Council. We have reservations about the attempts in cer- tain draft resolutions to politicize the specialized agencies and we do not support draft resolutions which single out particular countries for specific criticism, even after the selective and discriminatory nature of those references has been demonstrated beyond doubt. 52. In the light of these comments, though there is much in the draft resolutions that has our full support, my delegation is obliged to vote against draft resolutions A/36/L.34 and Add. I, on the situation in South Africa, A/36/L.37 and Add. I, on comprehensive and mandatory sam:tions against South Africa, A/36/L.38 and Add. I, on miUtary and nuclear collaboration with South Africa, and A/36/L.46 and Add. I, on relations between Israel and South Africa; and we shall abstain on draft resolution A/36/L.40 and Add.), on the oil embargo against South Africa. 53. New Zealand will abstain on four other draft resolu- tions. With regard to A/36/L.35 and Add.) we do not agree .with the idea of the General Assembly designating an international year of mobilization for sanctions, not be- cause we are opposed to the imposition of selective sanc- tions but because we think this is the wrong way to go about it. In addition, we cannot support the endorsement in operative paragraph ) of the Paris Declaration adopted by the International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa, since that Declaration contains several ele- ments with which we have difficulty. 54. New Zealand has reservations about the General As- sembly calling for an international conference of trade unions for sanctions against South Africa and will abstain on draft resolution A/36/L.4I and Add. I. To the extent that the proposals on public information activities in draft resolution A/35/L.45 and Add. I imply support for gov- ernment interference in the press and media we cannot support them. In addition, we have a number of reserva- tions concerning the Declaration of the Imernational Sem- inar on Publicity and Role of Mass Media in the Int~rna­ tional Mobilization against Apartheid, which is referre~ to in operative paragraph 4. 55. New Zealand will abstain on draft resolution A/36/L.47 and Add.1 because we do not endorse the re- port of the Special Committee, which is what is proposed in operative paragraph I. We take particular exception to 60. During the debate on agenda item 32, th~ 10 mem- the allegations in paragraph 149 of that report that the ber States of the European Community condemned New Zealand Government failed to take action within its apartheid, unequivocally rejected it as an unacceptable power to stop the recent Springbok tour of New Zealand system and expressed their desire to see it replaced by a 56. New Zealand will vote against draft resolution A/36/L.42 and Add. I, on academic, cultural and sports boycotts against South Africa. We support the basic pur- pose of the draft resolution ami have voted in favour of it in the past. But the comment directed at New Zealand in the sixth preambular paragraph is at variance with the facts, as everybody who took note of the New Zealand statement at the 79th meeting during the debate on tbis item knows. Moreover, as the Special Committee's regis- ter of sports contacts with South Africa shows, the sin- gling out of just two countrie& for special mention is se- lective and discriminatory. I would remind all delegations that the freedom of sports bodies to invite overseas sportsmen and sportswomen to New Zealand and, in the case ef the Rugby Union, to display deplorable judgement in doing so, was matched by the freedom of New Zea- landers to demonstrate against that folly and against apartheid. In doing so they upheld the purposes of this draft resolution to far greater effect than an unwarranted expression of disapproval of the Government which de- fended their fight to demonstrate will ever do. As to oper- ative paragraph 2, which applauds the sports register, we have yet to be convinced th&! it is appropriate or defensi- ble for any Uni~ed Nations body to make judgements con- cerning the actions of individual citizens of Member States, however much we may disapprove of those ac- tions. 57. New Zealand will vote in favour of draft resolution A/36/L.36 and Add. I, concerning acts of aggression by the apartheid regime against Angola and other indepen- dent African States, because we deplore South Africa's use of force against its neighbours in persistent violation of the principles of the Charter and the basic nonns of international beJ-;aviour. Nevertheless, we have reserva- tions about the third preambular paragraph and operative paragraph I as we believe that the Organization has cer- tain standards to uphold. One of them is that no country, not even South Africa, should be condemned before the evidence establishes the facts beyond reasonable doubt. The circumstances surrounding the recent deplorable events in Seychelles are not yet clear. In condemning South Africa or any country before the facts are in, we only do ourselves and the Organization a disservice. 58. New Zealand will vote in favour of draft resolutions A/36/L.39 and Add. I, on the arms embargo, A/36/L.43 and Add. I, on political prisoners and A/361L.44 and Add. I, on women and child~,:1 under apartheid. New Zealand is again a sponsor of the draft resolution on in- vestments in South Africa contained in document N36/L.48 ard Add. I, because we believe it offers a prac- tical way of bringing pressure to bear on that country peacefully and effectively. Similarly, we will vote in favour of draft resolution A!36/L.49 and Add. I, on the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa, because we wholly support its humanitarian objectives. 59. Miss FORI' (United Kingdom): I have the honour to speak on behalf of the 10 member States of the European Community. 61. The members of the Community believe that the general opposition to apartheid of the world community would have more effect were all the draft resolutions be- fore us able to attract unanimous support. The members are disappointed that a greater effort was not made to re- flect in those draft resolutions the views of the whole membership in texts which could have been supported by all. They regret that once again extraneous elements should have been introduced into certain draft resolutions. 62. ioe commitment of the European Community to the Charter and its division of competences remains un- changed. The Community understands the despair felt by people in South Africa. f-levertheless, the members remain firmly convinced that peaceful change is still pos- sible. It is the responsibility of the United Nations in ac- cordance with the Charter to seek peaceful solutions. Ar;- cordingly, the 10 members of the Community disassociate themselves from any form of endorsement of armed strug- gle in the draft resolutions. 63. The Community reaffirms its adherence to the prin- ciple of universality. The members believe that the opposition to apartheid is not a struggle against a colonial Power: it is intended to establish a multiracial free and democratic society. 64. The members of the Community do not support de- mands to break off all relations with South Africa. They believe that existing lines of communication must be used to allow for the free expression of views on all political. social and economic questions of concern to the people of South Africa. 65. They strictly adhere to the· Olympic principle of non-discrimination and reject any form of apartheid in sport. While respecting the independence of private organizations and the fundamental right of people to travel abroad freely. the Governments of the 10 States members of the European Community will continue to discourage - sporting contacts involving racial discrimination. 66. The personal rights of our citizens in the fields of freedom to travel and freedom of informatinn and ex- pression do not permit the imposition of constraint. Our Governments cannot support texts implying a limitation of those fundamental human rights. In particular. we cannot support formulae implying that the press. broadcasting services or journalists are subject to governmental dic- tate. That would be contrary to the freedom of the press. to which our countries are traditionally attached. 67. The 10 members of the Community reject all arbi- trary and unjustified attacks on Member States. whether by name or implicitiy. 68. The members of the Community regret that. for the reasons I have just indicated. it will not be possible for them to support all the texts contained in the draft resolu- tions before the Assembly. .

The delegation of France would like to add the following considerations te the explanation of vote presented on be- half of the 10 countries of the European Community by the representative of th~ United Kingdom. 71. The French Government extends its unreserved sup- port to the cause of those to whom the most elementary rights are being denied. That is why France has decided this year to be a sponsor of draft resolutions N36/L.43 and Add. 1, on political prisoners in South Africa, and N36/L.49 and Add.I. on the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa. 72. The support that my country intends to extend to those who are fighting for justice and freedom will be confirmed by the French authorities to the Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid during his forth- coming visit to Paris. 73. At the 2300th meeting of the Security Council, de- voted to the complaint by Angola, on 31 August this year, France voted in favour of the draft resolution con- demning the armed attack perpetrated by South African forces against the territory of the People's Republic of Angola. We regret that certain elements, which were not contained in the draft resolution submitted to the Security Council have been introduced in draft resolution N36/L.36 and Add. I , which compels the delegation of France to abstain this time. 74. Furthermore. certain provisions contained in" draft resolution N36/L.39 and Add.l are perceptibly removed from Security Council resolution 418 (1977), which justi- f,ies our abstention on that draft resolution. My delegation would recall that France is strictly applying the arms em- bargo adopted on 4 November 1977 by the Security Council. in k~eping with the provisions of the Charter. 75. Mr. TANc; (Turkey): My delegation will support the 16 draft resolutions. We are pleased to be a sponsor of the draft resolutions on women and children under apartheid [A/36/L.44 and Add./], investments in South Africa [A/36/L.48 and Add.I] and the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa (A/36/L.49 and Add./). 76. Our views on the apartheid policies of the Govern- ment of South Africa have been expressed in detail in our statement to the Assembly at the 78th meeting. We have repeatedly stated in this respec? our firm commitment to the efforts being expended to eradicate the infamous pol- icy of llpartheid in southern Africa and our belief that effective mandatory measures should be taken against the South African Government in order to make it realize the gross injustice and futility of its policies. Our support for the draft resolutions before us is an indication of our finn commitment in this regard. ' 77. In our consideration of these draft resolutions. we have also taken note of the various efforts which were made in order to eliminate from the texts selective refer- ences to some countries. However. it is not possible to say that the maximum possible result has been achieved in this direction. That is partiq.Jlarly true with regard to draft resolutionN36/L.38 and AOd.l. on military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa. which also contains an unwarranted referenc~ to the North Atlantic Treaty Organ- ization (NATO). As my delegation has indicated on pre- 79. Moreover, certain exceptional provisions of these draft resolutions may not conform entirely· to existing Turkish laws and regulations. Such provisions have been outlined in the explanations of vote my delegation· has made previously, especially during our discussion of sim- ilar draft resolutions at the thirty-fifth session. I do not wish to repeat them in detail. The understanding on our part, which I should like to place on record, is that we support and accept certain paragraphs of these draft reso- lutions to the extent that they conform to existing Turkish laws aiid regulatifHls and to the basic principles of our foreign policy.

The Netherlands fully subscribes to the common explanation of vote of the 10 member States of the European Community made by the representative of the United Kingdom. With this in mind, my delegation wishes to explain our national point of view on the draft resolutions in somewhat greater de- tail. 81. I wish to stress, first of all, that the Netherlands remains fully committed to the pursuit of all efforts to eliminate apartheid in South Africa. My Government un- reservedly condemns the system of racial segregation practised in that country. We support the aspirations of the people of South Africa to create a pluralistic, demo- cratic society based on true respect for human rights. My delegation is encouraged by the willingness on the part of the sponsors to broaden the group of sponsors, but regrets that it is not in a position to vote in favour of all the draft resolutions. 82. My British colleague mentioned a number of princi- ples to which we adhere in our opposition to apartheid. Ihey are: the search for peaceful solutions to the prob- lems facing South Africa; objections regarding armed struggle; our view that apartheid is to be seen as a grave violation of human rights, leaving unimpaired, however, South'Africa's rights as a sovereign State; our adherence to the classical freedoms' and the freedom of the press; and finally our objection to unwarranted attacks on indi- vidual States Members of the United Nations. The enu- meration of these principles will explain why my delega- tion will be forced to vote against the draft resolutions concerning 'the situation in South Africa, comprehensive and mandatory sanctions, military and nuclear col12'bora- tion, and the relations between Israel and South Africa. 83. The support for armed struggle is seen by my dele- gation in the context of the growing despair caused by the harshness of the apartheid system and the immobility of the South African Government amidst calls on it to act towards meaningful reform. But encouragement of vio- lence must be resisted, because the Charter contains only very specific and exceptional provisions for the use of force. It would also be irresponsible not to reflect on the appalling consequences of armed strife in southern Af- rica. Another element is the reference to the liberation movement in South Africa. My Government supports the 84. The Netherlands will vote in favour of the draft res- olution on the international year of mobilization for sanc- tions against South Africa because its thrust accords with our objective to promote peaceful change in South Africa by increasing the pressure, both through the United Na- tions and nationally. My Government participated in the International Conference on Sanction£ against South Af- rica held in Paris this year. On its outcome, the Paris Dec- laration on Sanctions against South Africa, however, we have had to express our reservations. The Netherlands does not support the imposition of global sanctions against South Africa. We believe that the total isolation of tha: country will only lead to increased oppression and hardship for the population and cause damage to neigh- bouring States. We therefore reserve our position on cer- tain passages of the special report in question of the Spe- cial Committee against Apartheid. 85. My Government has announced its intention to con- sider initiatives on an autonomous basis but with due re- gard for the Netherland's international obligations. These could take the form of actions in the field of oil supply, investments, and the limitation of certain imports. In keeping with this policy, my delegation will vote in favour of the draft resolution on cessation of new invest- ments and the oil embargo, although we consider that se- lective enforcement measures should preferably be ck.- cided upon by the Security Council. My Government is ready to consider modalities for participating in the exist- ing voluntary oil supplies embargo against South Africa. 86. The Netherlands has abrogated the cultural treaty with South Africa, and, together with our Benelux part- ners, has decided to impose visa requirements for South Africans. For this reason we voted in favour of the text adopted at the thirty-fifth session concerning academic, cultural ID.~. other boycotts. This year the draft resolution. on that question has been combined with the draft resolu- tion on apartheid and sports. My Government actively· seeks to discourage sporting contacts with South Africa, but cannot accept any infringement of certain traditional freedorns in otir country, such as the autonomy of sports organizations and the right of nationals to leave the coun- try. For those reasons, we also have reservations about the proposed convention against apartheid in sports. Conse- quently, we shall have to abstain in the vote on the draft resolution. 87. The Netherlands is concerned about the tendency to endorse and to .base further action by the United Nations on the conclusions and recommendations of seminars with a limited participation by Member States. The draft reso- lutions on the arms embargo and the one on public infor- mation and public action against apartheid and on the role of mass media in the struggle against apartheid, refer 89. Because of the endorsement of the Declaration of the International Seminar on Publicity and Role of Mass Media in the International Mobilization against Apartheid, held in East Berlin, we shall abstain on the draft resolu- tion on that subject. The efforts of non-governmental organizations in my country towards better information and increased awareness of the apartheid problem are en- couraged and supported by the Government. However, the press in my country is traditionally free and cannot be subjected to governmental dictate. 90. The Netherlands condemns the South African armed attacks against Angola and other neighbouring States. These actions cause tension in the area and severe hard- ships to the local populations. My Government equally condemns the recent raid by mercenaries against Seychelles. In this latter case, my Government has not as yet obtained information pointing to complicity by the South African Government in the attack. Meanwhile, we shall vote for the draft resolution on the matter and will await, of course, the report of the commission of inquiry established by Security Council resolution 496 (1981). 91. The call in operative paragraph 5 of draft resolution A/36/L.36 and Add. I for material support to the pe- ripheral States is seen by my Government as consonant with our policy of support for these countries in their efforts towards increased mutual co-operation and self-re- liance. 92. Finally, we will vote for the draft resolution on the programme of work of the Special Committee against Apartheid because of the importance we attach to the work of this United Nations body. We have reservations, however, about the provisions in that draft resolution, and also in the draft resolution on the strengt.hening of the arms embargo, which entrust the Special Committee with tasks that fall within the competence of the Security Council arms embargo Committee established by its reso- lution 421 (1977).

The United States Government-a Government founded on the proposition that all men are created equal-has al- ways opposed apartheid and has always voiced such posi- tion consistently, clearly and unequivocally. We have done so in the General Assembly and in other arenas and on every occasion when the subject has been raised, most recently in our statement at the 77th meeting in the debate on apari!heid. 94. We must, however, oppose these draft resolutions, not because we wish to defend such a policy as apartheid -we certainly do not and we certainly would not-but because their intemperate language and the impracticable 95. We particularly regret that the authors of the draft resolutions seem not to have intended the draft resolutions to be supported by the United States Government. The language in these draft resolutions, various phrases hostile to the United States, goes beyond even the distortions we have endured in the past. Rather than seeking our co-· operation-which was genuine-these draft resolutions tend to put .the United States in the dock alongside the Government of South Africa. We resent this. 96. Operative paragraph 3 of draft resolution A/36/L.34 and Add. I , on the situation in South Africa, goes far be- yond anything remotely reasonable by stating that the As- sembly: "Reiterates its firm convictIOn that the apartheid regime has been encouraged to undertake these crimi- nal acts by the protection afforded by major Western Powers against international sanctions, especially by the pronouncements, policies, and actions of the Government of the United States of America". 97. That statement is a despicable perversion of the truth. It is re~dly outrageous. I cannot put our position too strongly, for this is an outright attack against the good name of the United States and all my Government is at- tempting-seriously, patiently, realistically attempting-to accomplish in southern Africa. The adoption of such a draft resolution including such a phrase would undercut our efforts and the support of the American people for such efforts. Condemning the United States in such· a ma- licious manner is not the way to encourage our efforts to ensure serious steps against apartheid. 98. The position of my Government on the substantive issues of these draft resolutions is well known by all Members here. Therefore, I will devote but little time to comments on them. Certain aspects of them should, how- ever, be highlighted once again, since our past statements have not been reflected in these draft resolutions. 99. First, I again denounce, and again in the strongest possible terms, the malicious fabrications contained in draft resolution A/36/L.38 and Add. I , on military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa. As the United States representative pointed out at the thirty-fifth session of the General Assembly and on many other occasions, the United States was the first country in the world to impose an arms embargo against South Africa. This hap- pened some 14 years before such a measure was adopted by the United Nations in 1977. We were in the forefront of this move and have ever since vigorously supported the United Nations arms embargo and our own. lOO. Secondly, the United States, contrary to the mali- cious charges in this draft resolution. does not export nu- clear fuel nor provide nuclear facilities to South Africa. 101. We have asked for a separate vote on operative paragraph I-the worst panlgraph of this draft resolution A/36/L.38 and Add.l-in order to ascertain which among the members of the Assembly are interested in es- tablishing the truth and which are interested 091y in a propaganda exercise, even if this means unjustly con- 102. Thirdly, and just as shocking, there is the false charge in this most flawed of draft resolutions that the United States Administration intends to create a "South Atlantic Treaty Organization" with the participation of South Africa. This too is a canard. These charges are so specious, so demonstrably false, as to be worthy of noth- ing more than ridicule. Let us hope that none of the rep- resentatives take them as anything more than ridiculous. 103. Various draft resolutions dwell on sanctions and boycotts. I can only reiterate the firm conviction of my Government that these are ineffective ways through which to attempt the eradication of apartheid. History is quite clear on this point: such measures have not brought about constructive. political- reforms in any instance in modem times. Talk of such measures diverts us from considering and then implementing more positive and productive . actions. 104. This is especially true in terms of cultural and sports exchanges. As my delegation has stated so often, yet to such little effect, sports in the United States are not a matter for government control. Sports are private ac- tivities, engaged in or not by free individuals as they see fit. Unlike many States which would and do go to almost any length to regiment the lives of their citizens, the United States Government believes there are many areas of human endeavour in which the Government has no role to play. Sports are one such area. 105. Besides, I would point out to the members in this Hall that sports are one of the few, and the all too few, areas in South Africa in which racial integration is evi- dent and is, in fact, spreading. To the extent that sports teams in South Africa become fully integrated and sports facilities-that is, the playing fields. gymnasiums, locker rooms, spectator areas-are open to members of all races, without discrimination, sports become a microcosm of the kind of interracial society we and the whole world seek in South Africa. Sports, because of their vanguard role in real-life integration and because South Africans are so en- amoured of sports events, could thus become the seed from which wider integration of the races in the whole society grows. It is quite revealing that the authors of this draft resolution condemn sports contacts with South Af- rican teams altogether, rather than take the more practical and constructive step of encouraging yet more integration in South African sports activities. again as a spearhead of the movement towards far greater integration in South Africa as a whole. 106. In the matter of public information and the role of the mass media in relation to apartheid, I would reiterate the United States stance that mobilizing world public opin- ion is an activity singularly unsuited to the Organization. The United Nations is an assemblage of Governments. Its appeals are properly directed to Governments. not to so amorphous an entity as "world public opinion". For the Organization to undertake to mobilize world public opin- ion-be it for disarmament, against apartheid, or for any other worthy goal-would constitute a serious departure from its legitimate role, that of a forum of nations. More- over, we have quite reasonable fears that the gross distor- tions of truth found in the draft resolutions before us now could well find their way into United Nations "int()rma- 108. Violence begets violence. Until all the parties to the conflict agree to set aside their weapons and to com- mit themselves wholly to the negotiation process, this tragic loss of life and property is likely to escalate. 109. In closing, I should like to reiterate our deep regret that the authors of these draft resolutions chose the path of confrontation rather than co-operation in their approach to this critical issue. 110. Apartheid is a consensus item. Apartheid should be the subject of a consensus resolution. Apartheid is so repugnant in and of itself that it needs no exaggeration. Indeed, exaggerating the real evils of apartheid raises doubts about credibility and diminishes the noble cause which unites us all. It would have been an easy matter to frame draft resolutions that would have· won the unan- imous support of members of the Assembly. III . We were eager to co-operate; we wanted to co-op- erate. Rather than doing that, however, the framers of these draft resolutions chose to fabricate and distort in an attempt to make this system appear even worse than it actually is. For reasons that I am at a loss to explain, they also sought to attack Governments, including my own, whose co-operation one would have thought they would seek to enlist.

At the outset we should like to thank the representative of the United Kingdom who, on behalf of the European Community, delivered the com- mon explanation of vote. My delegation shares the views expressed in that explanation. Nevertheless, we should like in addition to state the following in our national ex- planation of vote. 113. Greece's long-standing and strong opposition to the policies and practices of apartheid is well known to all, and therefore we need not elaborate on it today. We should like, however, to point out once again that we un- reservedly condemn any form of racism or racial discrimi- nation. and in particular apartheid. We consider that apartheid is an odious offence to the conscience of man- kind. Its complete eradication is therefore' not only a moral imperative but also a legal and political one, and it is the responsibility of the entire world community, and especially of the United Nations, to exert its best efforts to put an immediate end to all its policies and manifesta- tions. . 114. It is in that spirit that Greece supports all the fun- damental principles and the basic objectives contained in the 16 draft resolutions under consideration, principles and objectives which are in accordance with the Charter. 116. Secondly, we shall vote in favour of draft resolu- tions A/36/L.35 and Add.I, on the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa, A/361 L.36 and Add.I, on acts of aggression by the apartheid regime against Angola and other independent African States, A/36/L.39 and Add. I, on an arms embargo, Al36/L.41 and Add. I, on the International Conference of Trade Unions on Sanctions against South Africa, and Al36/L.42 and Add. I, on academic, cultural and sports boycotts of South Africa. We shall also vote in favour of draft resolution Al36/L.45 and Add. I, on public informa- tion and public action against apartheid and the role of the mass media in the struggle against apartheid, because we firmly believe in freedom of the press and information and in the constructive role that the mass media can play in the enlightenment of world public opinion relating to the tragic consequences of apartheid on the life and fate of millions of persons. 117. However, the Greek delegation wishes to reserve its position in respect of the endorsement of certain ideas and recommendations contained in the Decl~ation of the In- ternational Seminar on Publicity and Role of Mass Media in the International MobiHzation against Apartheid, refer- ence to which is made in particular in operative para- graphs 2, 3 and 4 of draft resolution Al36/L.45 and Add.l. We also express our reservation on certain recom- mendations of the Special Committee contained in para- graph 401 of its report, reference to which is made in operative paragraph 10 of that draft resolution. 118. Also, we shall vote in favour of draft resolution Al36/L.47 and Add.I, on the programme of work of the Special Committee against Apartheid, although we have some difficulty with certain points concerning the pro- posed activities of the Special Committee contained in op- erative paragraph 2. 119. Likewise, we shall vote in favour of draft resolu- tion Al36/L.48 and Add. I, on investments in South Af- rica, because we are convinced that it provides practical means of bringing a kind of pressure on the Government of South Africa. 120. Thirdly, we shall abstain on draft resolution Al36/L.34 and Add.I, on the situation in South Africa. although we strongly condemn the policy of bantustaniza- tion, which is designed to depdve thousands of African people of their basic rights and fundamental freedoms. We shall also abstain on draft resolution A/36/L.40 and !\dd.I, on an oil embargo, and draft resolution A/36/ L.46 and Add.I, on relations between Israel and South Africa. 121. Finally, we shall vote against draft resolutions Ai36/ L.37 and Add. I. on comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa, and A/36/L.38 and Add.l. on mili- tary and nuclear collaboration with South Africa. 122. The main reason for which we shall abstain on the aforesaid three draft resolutions and vote against the two last mentioned is that we regret to see certain co~ntries

Once again this year, my delega- tion will vote in favour of all the draft resolutions on the policies of apartheid of the Government of South Af- rica-except for draft resolution A/36/L.46 and Add. I, on which we shall abstain. 124. Our support for these draft resolutions stems from our continuing and total opposition to the abhorrent prac- tice of apartheid and the excesses that are committed un- der it. It remains our hope that South Africa will soon see the wisdom of abandoning the despicable system of apartheid in favour of a genuine democratic government, thereby allowing peaceful change in the country. To the extent that operative paragraph 13 of draft resolution Al36/L.34 and Add.1 advocates such a course of action, my ddegation has no difficulty in supporting it. 125. Moreover, my delegation would also reserve its positiOll on the singling out of countries and institutions as, for instance, enumerated in operative paragraphs 3 and I1 of draft resolution A/36/L.34 and Add. I and in the sixth preambular paragraph of draft resolution A/36/ L.42 and Add. I , entitled 'J\cademic, cultural and sports boycott of South Africa". Concerning the last-cited draft resolution, my delegation feels that, because of the selec- tive singling out of two countries, it detracts from the main purpose of the draft resolution, that is, as large a support as possible for the boycott of South Africa in the different fields specified in the draft resolution, to which we are committed. This kind of support and commitment is desirable in order to give a clear and unequivocal indica- tion to South Africa that it cannot forever stand aloof from the long-standing support of the international com- munity for genuine and speedy transition to majority rule in that country.

At the 78th meeting, during the debate on this item, I set out in detail the views of my Government on the apartheid question. The General Assembly is now about to take decisions on 16 draft reso- lutions on this issue. Ireland has co-sponsored three of these draft resolutions. Altogether we shall vote in favour of 11 of the 16 texts; we shall abstain on two; and we shall vote against three. Our voting position on all these draft resolutions has been decided in view of our serious concern at the unjust and dangerous situation in South Africa. Because of this concern, we have thought it right to vote in favour of certain draft resolutions, even though we have reservations about some aspects of the texts. Of course, we also share the reservations held in common by member States of the European Community which have been set out by the representative of the United Kingdom in his statement on the draft resolutions. 127. In explaining our votes, I shall first refer to the draft resolutions which we support. We believe that the international community should apply pressure on South Africa in a careful, graduated and co-ordinated manner to bring it to change its disastrol.1s apartheid policies. Ac- cordingly we shall support three draft resolutions which deal with sanction measures against South Africa. We shall vote in favour of draft resolution A/36/L.39 and Add. I, calling for a strengthening of the arms embargo. and in favour of draft resolution A/36/L.40 and Add. I. 128. While we shall support those three draft resolu- ti.ons, I must refer to certain specific points on which we have reservations. We have reservations concerning oper- ative paragraph 2, in draft resolution A/36/L.39 and Add. I, which calls on Member States to take specific measures unilaterally. At least some of these measures could give rise to legal and constitutional difficulties for my Government. I should also say that our support for that draft resolution should not be seen as an endorsement of the Declaration of the London Seminar on the Rein- forcement of the Arms Embargo. With regard to draft res- olution A/36/L.40 and Add. I, I would emphasize that we support consideration by the Security Council of an oil embargo. We have reservations about some provisions of the present text, such as operative paragraphs 2 and 3, which appear to pre-empt such consideration by the Council. 129. My delegation will support draft resolution A/36/L.35 and Add. I, which designates the year 1982 as the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa. Operative paragraph I endorses the Paris Declaration on Sanctions. Ireland was represented at the Paris Conference, and I would recall that our delega- tion made a statement at the conclusion of the Conference in which it explained fully the basis of its support for the Paris Declaration. Our support for the present draft reso- lution should be understood in the light of that statement. 130. My delegation will support draft resolution A/36/L.36 and Add. 1, which deals with acts of aggres- sion by the apartheid regime against Angola and other in- dependent African States. However, since operative para- graph I includes a reference to the recent attack on Seychelles, I should mention that we voted earlier this week in the Security Council for resolution 496 (1981), which established a commission of inquiry to investigate the circumstances surrounding that attack. My delegation will wish to study the report of that Commission before reaching final conclusions about the background of the attack. In supporting this draft resolution, therefore, we wish to make it clear that we do not prejudge the conclu- sions of the Security Council Commission of Inquiry. 131. My delegation will support draft resolution A/36/L.47 and Add. I, on the programme of work of the Special Committee. Our attitude towards the recommen- dations in the report must, naturally, be understood in ac- cordance with the general policy which my delegation has outlined in this and previous statements of our position. 132. We shall also vote in favour of draft resolution A/36/L.42 and Add. 1, on academic, cultural and sports boycotts of South Africa, although we are concerned about the way in which certain Governments' have been singled out for criticism in the text. We think that this is not helpful in securing wide support for the basic princi- ples which we hold in common. For its own part, my Government fully supports the Olympic principle of non- discrimination in sport. Indeed, the Irish Government had occasion earlier this year to use all means legally and constitutionally available to it to discourage sports con- tacts with South Africa. We shall. of course, examine with interest the international convention against apartheid in sports when this is completed. However, we 133. I turn now to the draft resolutions on which we shall abstain. We shall abstain on draft resolution A/36/L.34 and Add. I, on the situation in South Africa. In deciding to do so, we have balanced the positive elements in it against a number of other inappropriate formulations which include the explicit endorsement of armed struggle, the call for comprehensive and mandatory sanctions and the arbitrary naming of certain States in its preambular and operative paragraphs. We would hope that at the next session the general resolution on the situation in. South Africa will be one which will command the support of all Members of the United Nations. 134. We shall also abstain on draft resolution A/36/L.45 and Add. I, on the role of the mass media, because of reservations which we share with other member States of the European Community and which were set out clearly by the representative of the United Kingdom on behalf of the 10 members. 135. There are three of the 16 draft resolutions before us which we are obliged to vote against. These draft reso- lutions A/36/L.37 and Add. I, on comprehensive and mandatory sanctions A/36/L.38 and Add. I, on military and nuclear collaboration. A/36/L.46 and Add. I, on rela- tions between Israel and South Africa. 136. As I stated earlier, my Government supports the application by the Security Council of certain selective measures against South Africa. However. we have doubts about the wisdom of calls for comprehensive sanctions at the present juncture. Had the draft resolution on compre- hensive and mandatory sanctions corresponded to the res- olution adopted at the thirty-fifth session of the Assembly, my delegation would have abstained. However, a new and divisive element has been introduced to the draft resolu- tion this year, that is, the arbitrary condemnation of a number of countries in operative paragraph 4 of draft res- olution A/36/L.37 and Add. I. Because of this, my dele- gation has decided to vote against that draft resolution. 137. As ~n previous years, Ireland will vote against ~.le draft resolution on Israel, which is contained in docu- ment A/36/L.46 and Add. I, as we believe it singles out one Member for selective condemnation in an inappropri- ate manner. 138. We would have wished to vote in favour of a draft resolution calling for an end to military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa. However, with reluc- tance, we must vote against draft resolution A/36/L.38 and Add. I, as it too contains what we feel is a selective and arbitrary condemnation of a number of States, includ- ing at least some that have categorically denied the alle- gations in question. 139. We support, and, indeed, we have co-sponsored the draft resolution on the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa: May I therefore take this opportunity to an- nounce that the Irish Government will shortly make sup- plementary contributions to a number of these United Na- tions trust funds, which are in addition to the contributions we have made earlier this year. These will

The Assembly is well aware of Swaziland's geographical position and its eco- nomic vulnerability. Hence, my delegation will vote in favour of some of the draft resolutions before us today and will abstain on others. Our position was made clear, I hope, when we spoke in explanation of our vote on the question of Namibia. However, as for draft resolution A/36/L.34 and Add. I, my delegation will vote in favour of the text but reserves rts position on all paragraphs that call for economic sanctions explicitly or implicitly. 141. Last but not least, I wish to reiterate that the Gov- ernment of the Kingdom of Swaziland believes in the principles embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and believes that all the people of South Africa have a right to participate in the decision-making process of the country of their birth.

My delegation, for reasons well known, reserves its position on operative paragraph I of draft resolution A/36/L.39 and Add. I, in so far as it refers to the Paris Declaration on Sanctions against South Africa. We also reserve our position on op- erative paragraphs 6 and 11 of draft resolution A/36/L.45 and Add. I, operative paragraph 2 (a) of draft resolution A/36/L.47 and Add. I and operative paragraphs 3, 6, 7, 8 and II of draft resolution A/36/L.34 and Add.l.

Austria has unequivo- cally rejected the policies of apartheid of the South Af- rican Government and has most recently, at the 75th meeting, during the general debate on this agenda item, maintained that such an institutionalized policy of racial discrimination can never be the basis of a viable demo- cratic society. 144. This firm conviction will find expression in Aus- tria's vote in favour of the majority of the draft resolu- tions before the General Assembly. There are, however, several draft resolutions on which Austria, mostly for constitutional reasons which would prohibit their imple- mentation on a national level, has to abstain. 145. I wish to reaffirm that, in Austria's view, the United Nations should concentrate all its efforts on bring- ing about political and social change by peaceful means only, as foreseen in the Charter, and should not endorse or support armed struggle or the use of force as instru- ments for change. 146. I also wish to point out that Austria's vote in favour of some of the draft resolutions cannot be inter- preted as endorsing recommendations of conferences of non-governmental organizations to which some of the texts refer. I wish to reiterate once again Austria's position that the arbitrary singling out of Member States or groups of States for condemnation or criticism in General Assem- bly resolutions is unjustified and counter-productive and does not serve to advance the causes of the oppressed people in South Africa. We have, furthermore, serious objections against any interference with the due process of consideration-by the Security Council and will not sup- port prejudging its prerogatives and decisions. bn~ed on dignity, justice and fraternity and therefore to understanding among men. 148. In the debate both on Namibia and on apartheid my country has stated its position on those questions and there is no need for me to repeat it. However, we should like to recall our commitment to sparing no effort to bringing about the triumph of justice and law for our brothers in Africa. In that spirit our country has always hoped for the implementation of the relevant decisions of the General Assembly on these matters. In the same spirit my country has no difficulty in voting in favour of the draft resolutions which have been submitted to us and we are a sponsor of some of them. My delegation, however, feels that the wording of certain paragraphs-operative paragraph 4 of draft resolution A/36/L.37 and Add. I and operative paragraph I of draft resolution A/36/L.38 and Add.l-would have been improved had they taken into greater account the facts which have been condemned. In the area of apartheid we feel we should denounce without any discrimination all the acts committed by South Africa which might encourage or foster the continuation of the scourge of apartheid. The wording of the paragraphs I have referred to should also take into account these facts that I have just mentioned. That is why my delegation believes that it will have to enter certain reservations re- garding these two points. 149. My delegation wishes to take this opportunity to express once again my country's commitment to the struggle by the international community against apartheid and we shall therefore vote in favour of all these draft resolutions before us.

The Government of Lesotho welcomes efforts by the international community to dismantle the phenomenon known as apartheid. Lesotho, by virtue of sharing a common border with South Africa where the policy of apartheid is practised, feels and has to grapple with the effects of this policy virtually on a daily basis, and we shall certainly rejoice the day apartheid disappears from South Africa. The in- ternational community's efforts, however, envisage courses of action some of which present us with consider- able problems by virtue of our geopolitical situation as regards South Africa. 151. Despite our earnest desire to see an end to apartheid we are, however, expressing our reservations on the question of economic sanctions for the reason just stated and which we believe the international community appreciates. More specifically we should like to state that despite our positive vote on draft resolution A/36/L.34 and Add. I, which has some difficult formulations, we re- serve our position on operative paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 thereof. The same applies to operative paragraph 2 of draft resolution A/36/L.36 and Add.l. This reservation also applies with equal force to preambular paragraphs making references to the question of economic sanctions which largely determines our pattern of voting on the draft resolutions on agenda item 32. . 153. 'We shall vote in favour of all the draft resolutions before us, in keeping with our strong beliefs and convic- tions. Victory to the struggling people of South Africa so that they may achieve a truly democratic society with their inalienable rights. We also pay a tribute to all those who have sacrificed their lives for the freedom of Africa.

The representati-1e of the Umted Kingdom, speaking on behalf of the 10 member States of the European Commu- nity, has already commented on" the draft resolutions to be voted upon by recalling some of the political principles shared by our 10 countries. I fully endorse her statement and should like to make the following additional observa- tions. 155. My delegation regrets that in spite of its statements in the Fourth Committee and the Assembly by which it has made its position clear, some of the draft resolutions we are going to vote upon still contain allegations against, and condemnation of, my country. 156. I want to rcpcat once morc that the Federal Re- public of Germany rejects in the strongest terms the accu- sations of collusion in the nuclear field and of military co-operation with South Africa. These allegations are not only unjustified and unacceptable, they are also harmful to friendly co-operation. 158. The same observation applies to draft resolution A/36/L.45 and Add.1 and in particular to its operative paragraph 4, referring to the recommendations of the In- ternational Seminar on Publicity and Role of Mass Media in the International Mobilization against Apartheid held this year in East Berlin. My Government cannot support any recommendation implying a limitation of the freedom of the press, broadcasting services or journalists. 159. Finally, my delegation disapproves of draft resolu- tion A/36/L.42 and Add. I. The Federal Republic of Ger- many does not support demands to break off all relations with South Africa. It deems certain contacts with South Africa in the academic and cultural fields necessary in order to maintain a critical dialogue in the interests of the South African people as a whole. 160. The Federal Government, Ilowever, maintains its policy, within the scope of its legal possibilities, of dis- couraging sports organizations and athletes from having contacts with South Africa if and in so far as they pro- mote and practise racial discrimination in sport. In partic- ular, my delegation has reservations about the singling out of individual countries in the sixth preambular paragraph of draft resolution A/36/L.42 and Add. I, as well as about operative paragraph 2. 161 . We regret that elements have been introduced into several draft resolutions which make it difficult for us to demonstrate through our vote our firm support for the en- deavours of the international community to put an end to racial discrimination everywhere in the world and, in par- ticular our solidarity with all those who are working for the early abolition of the inhuman system of apartheid.

From its very inception, Bangladesh has opposed all forms of racial dis- crimination, oppression, colonialism and alien domina- tion. The policy of apartheid pursued by the racist regime of South Africa has been universally condemned. The Government of Bangladesh, in protest against this anach- ronistic and inhuman policy of racial discrimination, d~s not have any relations whatsoever with that country, be they in trade, "ommerce, tourism, sport or any other field. 163. The draft resolutions before us are yet another at- tempt by the international community to prevail upon South Africa to abandon the policy of apartheid and to allow the majority population of the country to enjoy their basic human rights as free citizens of their own country. We believe, in this regard, that the cessation of co-opera- tion with South Africa would greatly contribute to that

Canada has strongly and repeatedly condemned in the Assembly the abhorrent practice of apartheid. Most recently, at the 6th plenary meeting, 21 September, the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs, Mr. Mark MacGuigan, expressed his belief that justice for the victims of racism in South Af- rica is inevitable. Future peace, prosperity and security for all South Africans are dependent upon the Govern- ment of South Africa recognizing the inevitability of change and accommodating the just demands of all its citizens for basic rights of freedom and equality. 166. Our support for the eradication of apartheid, how- ever, does not blind us to the growing trend towards pol- emics in the resolutions at the expense of substance. The content of some resolutions has become almost ritualistic without apparent consideration of whether or not they contribute to the goal we all seek. Thus, several of the draft resolutions now before the Assembly are of limited benefit and may, in fact, detract from serious considera- tion of this important question. 167. As in the past, various propositions and positions are expressed in the draft resolutions which my delegation considers work against our common cause. Canada does not support violence as a means of either promoting or preventing change in South Africa. We must point out once again that the question of sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter is a strict prerogative of the Security Council. Adherence to the Chart~r is crucial to the legit- imacy of actions of the United Nations. 168. 0 For those reasons, Canada regretfully must vote against several of the draft resolutions. 169. We support the. laudable efforts of States in the re- gion to increase their economic independence of South Africa. At the same time, we note that the high degree of dependence on South Africa is a current reality which States in the region themselves recognize. We consider that the impact on regional States of sanctions against South Africa is an important aspect to bear in mind. 170. Canada has in the past contributed substantial as- sistance to the victims of apartheid. This direct assistance will continue. However, as a matter of principle, Canada must reiterate its opposition to the allocation of funds from the regular United Nations budget for the mainte- nance of individual liberation organizations. 171. While Canada supports the spirit of other draft res", olutions, we shall be forced to abstain or to vote against some of them because of the inclusion of emotive or un- substantiated generalizations, such as the alleged effect and intent of international business dealings with South Africa and allegations of collaboration with South Africa by private and public institutions. 172. One example of a proposition which every Mem- ber of the Assembly ought to be able to support is· the 173. With regard to draft resolution A/36/L.42 and Add. 1, concerning an academic, cultural and sports boy- cott of South Africa, Canada has taken effective steps in the area of apartheid in sports by denying visas to sports- men and officials representing South Africa or South Af- rican sporting organizations. Nevertheless, we continue to have serious reservations concerning the appropriateness and- utility of the proposed international convention against apartheid in sports, as its generalizations and the constitutional framework of Canada's federal system would probably make it impossible for Canada to sub- scribe to such a convention. Further, Canada believes that to end academic and cultural interchanges with South Af- rica is to deny the academic and cultural communities the opportunity of demonstrating in meetings and discussions the total unacceptability of apartheid and the need for change. Inward-looking societies with no outside stimula- tion are surely the most difficult to change. 174. We believe that universal support for the principles of a declaration against apartheid exists within the As- sembly. We consider it unfortunate that the draft resolu- tions continue to include extraneous passages which only serve to divide unnecessarily the unanimous opposition of world opinion to apartheid. Canada itself has a strong desire to support the full range of anti-apartheid draft res- olutions, but it is prevented from doing so by the ex- tremes of language, jurisdictional problems and the lack of realism in many of the draft resolutions. It would seem a simple matter to draft strong resolutions which would clearly express world opinion on the subject of apartheid and which would attract'unanimous support in the Assem- bly. It is regrettable that the drafters chose not to do so.

In relation to draft resolution A/36/L.42 and Add. I, I should like to say that Papua New Guinea has always voted in favour of United Nations resolutions which oppose apartheid in all its forms, including apartheid in sports. We have done so on the basis that such discrimination demeans and lowers the status and dignity of man. It is also contrary to the ideals and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. But, most of all, it is a crime against humanity. 176. We are therefore always ready and willing to give our unreserved support to draft resolutions opposing apartheid in sports or any discrimin,ltion in sports based upon a person's colour. 177. There are times when elements of some draft reso- lutions are considered to be upfair and to serve little pur- pose in advancing the fight against apartheid. In this in- stance I refer to the sixth preambular paragraph of the draft resolution, which in our view unfairly singles out for accusation the Governments of New Zealand and the

The policies of apartheid are so repugnant to all of us that it is the Aus- tralian delegation's view that it ought to have been possi- ble to' arrive at a series of draft resolutions that could be adopted unanimously. It is a matter of regret that this will not be the case. 180. We regard the first draft resolution, on the situa- tion in South Africa, as the most important, and because of our absolute opposition to the policies of apartheid would have liked l~ ¥ote in favour of it. However, it is only with some difficulty that we shall abstain on it rather than vote against it because of the extreme language used in a number of preambular and operative paragraphs. As we have stated on a number of occasions, we are opposed to the selective naming of countries, which we regard as unhelpful and tendentious. This has seriously marred the frrst draft resolution, and also the draft resolutions on military and nuclear collaboration, on relations between Israel and South Africa, and on economic, cultural and sporting links. 181. The emphasis placed on and the approval given to armed struggle is objectionable to my delegation. The efforts to have apartheid abandoned should be pursued by peaceful means. 182. .Australia did not paI1icipate in the International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa, and does not subscribe to the Paris Declaration. For that reason we shall abstain on draft resolution A/36/L.35 and Add. I. 183. On previous occasions, Australia condemned the South African incursion into Angola, and since this is the general thrust of draft resolution A/36/L.36 and Add. 1 we shall support it. Again, however, ~here are formulations in it which we find badly worded. Also, we would prefer to wait for the report of the Commission of Inquiry to be appointed by the Security Council before automatically including the recent deplorable events in Seychelles in a condemnation of South Africa. 184. Australia fully supports the arms embargo against South Africa; indeed, we imposed a unilateral arms em- bargo well before the Security Council acted. However, we shall abstain on each of the draft resolutions' which entail .some sort of widening of embargoes against .South Africa because we regard that as something properly within the competence of the Security Council. 185. .Delegations will be aware of Australia's strict ad- herence to the Commonwealth Gle.neagles A~ement dealing with. sporting contacts with South Africa. We' . woulq support- draft" resolution A/36/L.42 and Add. 1 were it not for the extremely selective naming of particu- lar countries. 187. One of the disappointments of the voting about to take place is that the South African Government will take some comfort from the fact that few of the draft resolu- tions will have been adopted unanimously. It would have been far preferable for the Assembly to give the South African Government an unequivocal message. A predilec- tion for extravagant wording and sometimes inaccurate as- sertions has thwarted this. For its part, the Australian Government will continue to make known, both within the Assembly and directly to the South African Govern- ment, its total opposition to the policies of apartheid.

In my statement, at the 76th meeting, during the debate on the policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa I remarked that the need- less insertion of unending diatribes against my country has severely undermined the very purpose of the annual debate on apartheid. I also took that opportunity to re- state Israel's position on apartheid and its unequivocal re- jection of racism and racial discrimination in any form. 189. I observed that for the Special Committee against Apartheid the facts seem irrelevant. Reality must not be allowed to intrude on a sacred ritual. If we had not been presented today with a special draft resolution concerning Israel, it would have amounted to an admission that such a policy in the past had been mistaken and misguided. And so the Assembly is being asked to vote today on a rehashed concoction of malicious lies that have become an embarrassment to the stature and prestige of the Organization. 190. The sponsors of draft resolution A/36/L.46 and Add.l have seen fit to ignore official communications from my Government, contained in official documents of the United Nations, refuting the false allegations against Israel. Instead, they have relied on the unsupported distor- tions, innuendos and speculative press reports contained in the special report of the Special Committee. It is on "evidence" like this that draft resolution A/36/L.46 and Add.l is based. A report based on such "non-evidence" must be considered a "non-report"; a debate based on such a "non-evidence" must be considered a "non-de- bate", and the resultant draft resolution must be seen for what it is: pure and unadulterated nonsense. 191. It is high time that a serious assessment of this ritual took pla.:e, before it backfires completely. When certain States IJersist in turning an apartheid debate into a Middle East debate, tlley succeed only in showing their disdain for, and disinterest in, a subject of vital concern to both Africa and the world. Since draft resolution A/36/ L.46 and Add. 1 contains particularly obnoxious falsehoods, it is worth considering who in fact is commit- ting a hostile act against Africa. It is precisely this double standard that. undermines the international campaign ag~nst racism and racial discrimination. 192. Because Israel ha~ been singled out in this agenda item as the oIily country in the world for specific con- • demnation on its own in a special draft resolution based on patent falsehoods, my delegation will not participate in the voting on thjs item. I request that this non-participa- tion be duly reflec~d in the record. We take this stand to express our abhorrence at the cynical debasement mthis entire discussion. 194. This morning we have heard almost every delega- tion here condemn the evil that is apartheid. But, unfor- tunately, some reservations have been made to some of the draft resolutions because of language-calling it imprac- tical, intemperate, extravagant or extreme. It is ironic that, whereas these draft resolutions are being objected to by virtue of the fact that the language in them might be considered intemperate, extreme or extravagant, not every delegation finds it possible to condemn the intemperate use of force by South Africa against Angola, or South Africa's intemperate bulldozing of houses in Nyanga. We should like to emphasize this irony. 195. It cannot seriously be contended that certain pro- nouncements of late have not indeed lent succour to South Africa and, if anything, made the regime.in South Af- rica more intransigent. Therefore, the reflection of this position in the draft resolutions cannot be criticized as showing a lack of objectivity or as being excessive. 196. There is substantial evidence, which has yet to be contradicted or disproved, to support operative paragraph I of draft resolution A/36/L.38 and Add. 1. There is also evidence of a fiendish attempt by the South African re- gime to draw others into a so-called South Atlantic Treaty Organization. The draft resolution. condemns such ma- noeuvres and my delegation fails to see why those who would have nothing to do with such an organization should be exercised by the reference to it. 197. Great play was made with the fact that in South Africa today there are mixed sports. To say the least, it is diversionary-scrapi~g the bottom of the barrel, as it were-to provide evidence that there is change taking place in South Africa. The real issue that is being dis- cussed is that the regime in South Africa has refused to share power with the majority of its people, and also that a man is condemned from his cradle to his grave for something over which he has no control. 198. Finally, it is in the interests of all of us here to support these draft resolutions, which have been so ably prepared, to show our abhorrence of the apartheid syst~m of South Africa. After all, what we are discussing here is a moral question. The apartheid system of Souih Africa denies the essence of man. I do not think anyone should find an escape clause-whether on the .basis·of language or of anything else-in those -draft resolutions showing - our abhorrence of the apartheid regime. If the sponsors of . the draft resolutions agree., my delegation \Yould like to become a sponsor, too.

The General Assembly will now take decisions on the various draft resolu'ions before it. The report of the Fifth Committee on the administrative and financial implications of these draft resolutions is contained in document A/36/832. In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Ar- gentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Be- lize, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colom- bia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gam- bia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hun- gary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Re- public, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Ara- bia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Re- public, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emi- rates, .United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yeme~'t, Yligoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Against: Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Bri~ain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Finland, Greece, Guatemala, Iceland, Ireland, Liberia, Norway, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Spain, Swe- den, Upper Volta. . 201. The PRESIDEN.T: The Assembly will now vote on draft resolution A/36/L.35 and Add. I, entitled "Interna- tional Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested.

We return now to draft resolu- tion A/36/L.36 and Add. I, entitled ''Acts of aggression by the apartheid regime against Angola and other indepen- dent African States". A recorded vote has been requested.

We now turn to draft resolution A/36/L.38 and Add. I, entitled "Military and nuclear col- laboration with South Africa". A separate vote has been requested on operative paragraph I. A recorded vote has been requested on that paragraph.

I now put to the vote draft reso- lution A/36/L.38 and Add.1 as a whole. A recorded vote has been requested. In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina. Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize. Benin, Bhb~an, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma. Burundi. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde. Central African Republic. Chad, China, Co- lombia. Congo. Costa Rica. Cuba. Cyprus. Czechoslo- vakia. Democratic Yemen. Djibouti. Dominican Republic, Ecuador. Egypt. El Salvador, Ethiopia. Fiji. Gabon. Gam- bia, German Democratic Renublic~ Ghana, Grenada. Guinea. Guinea-Bissau. Guyari'a, Haiti, Honduras. Hun- gary, India. Indonesia, Iran, Iraq. Ivory Coast, Jamaica. Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait. Lao People's Democratic Re~blic. Lebanon, Lesotho. Liberia. Libyan Arab Jam- ahiriya. Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali. Malta, Mauritania. Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal,. Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria. Oman, Pakistan. Panama. Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines. Poland, Ro~nania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa. Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal. Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia. Sri Lanka, Sudan. Suriname, Swaziland. Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand. Togo, Trinidad and Tobago. Thnisia. Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon. United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Uruguay. Venezuela, Viet Nam. Yemen. Yugoslavia. Zaire, Zambia. Zim- babwe. Against: Australia, Belgium, Canada. Denmark. France, L;ermany. Federal Republic of, Greece. Iceland" Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg. Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United States of America. Abstaining: Austria, Finland, Guatemala, Sweden. The droft resolution as a whole was adopted by 119 votes to 19. with 4 abselltions (resolution 361172 E).) In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria. Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Bunna, Burundi, Byelorus- sian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada, Cape Verde, Cen- tral African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark. Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethi- opia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic,. Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary. Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mo"ngoIia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romainia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone. Sin- gapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan. Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden. Syrian Arab Republic. Thailand. Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey. Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emir- ates, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, 'femen. Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia Zimbabwe. Against: None. Abstaining: France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Guatemala. Italy, Portugal, U~ited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. The draft resolution wa:;'adopted by 138 votes to none. with 7 abstelltions (resoluton 36/172 F). I 207. The PRESIDEN'F: We now turn to draft resolution A/36/LAO and Add. I , entitled "Oil embargo against South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested. In favour: Afghanistan. Albania, Algeria. Angola, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria. Burma. Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China. Colom·· bia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba. Cyprus. Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea. Democratic Yemen. Denmark. Djibouti, Dominican Republic. Ecuador. Egypt. El Sal- vador, Ethiopia. Fiji. Finland. Gabon. Gambia. German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada. Guinea. Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras. Hungary. Iceland. India, Indonesia. Iran. Iraq. Ireland. Ivory Coast. Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait. Lao People's Demo- cratic Republic, Lebanon. Liberia. Libyan Arab 1am- ahiriya, Madagascar. Malaysia. Maldives. Mali. Malta. Mauritania. Mauritius. Mexico, Mongolia. Morocco. Mozambique. Nepal, Netherlands. Nicaragua. Niger. Nigeria. Norway. Oman. Pakistan. p..mama, Papml New Against: Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Luxembourg, United Kingdom of Great Brit- ain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Botswana, Chile, Greece, Guatemala, Italy, Japan, Lesotho, New Zealand, Portugal, Swaziland. The draft r~solution was adopted by 126 votes to 7. with 12 abstentions (resolution 361172 Gp

The Assembly will now vote on d:aft resolution A/36/LAl' and Add.l, entitled "Interna- tional Conference of Trade Unions on Sanctions against South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested.

The Assembly will now proceed to take a decision on draft resolution A/36/L.43 and Add. 1, entitled "Political prisoners in South Africa".· May I take it that the General Assembly decides to adopt this draft resolution? 21.1. The PRESIDENT: The Assembly will now proceed to vote on draft resolution A/36/L.44 and Add. 1, entitled "Women and children under apartheid". A recorded vote has been requested.

Draft resolution A/36/L.45 and Add. 1 is entitled "Public information and public action against apartheid and role of the mass media in the strug- gle against apartheilf'. A recorded vote has been re- quested. In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, ~:gentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, PjeIize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bul- garia, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Re- public, Cape Verde. Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Demo- cratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Ger- man Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hon- duras, Hungary, India, Indoneisa, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Demo- cratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Mo- rocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Phil- ippines, Poland, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Prin- cipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet So- cialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon, Unite.d Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Draft resolution A/36/L.46 and Add.l is entitled "Relations between Israel and South Af- rica". A recorded vote has been requested. In favour: Afghanistan. Albania. Algeria, Angola. Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados. Benin. Bhutan. Botswana, Brazil. Bulgaria. Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Chad. China. Colombia. Congo, Costa Rica;' Cuba. Cyprus. Czechoslovakia. D~mocratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen. Djibouti. Ecuador, Egypt. Ethiopia, Gabon. Gambia. German Dem- ocratic Republic. Ghana. Grenada. Guinea. Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti. Honduras. Hungary. India. Indo- nesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica. Jordan, Kenya. Kuwait. Lao People's Democratic Republic. Lebanon. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Madagascar, Malaysia. Maldives. Mali. Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius. Mexico. Mongolia. Mo- rocco~ Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger. Nigeria. Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines. Poland, Romania. Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia. Senegal. Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia. Spain. Sri Lanka. Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland. Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago. Tunisia. Turkey. Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon. United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Voila, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen. Yugoslavia. Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Against: Australia, Austria,. Belgium, Canada, Den- mark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Guatemala, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. ... Abstaining: Argentina, Bahamas, Burma, Chile, Do- minican Republic, Fiji, Greece, Ivory Coast, Japan, Lesotho, Liberia, Nepal, Pdpua New Guinea, Portugal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Singapore.

We come now to draft resolu- tion A/36/L.47 and Add. I, entitled "Programme of work of the Special Committee against Itpartheilf'. A recorded vote has been requested.

We come now to draft resolu- tion N36/L.48 and Add. I, entitled "Investments in South Africa". I shall put that draft resolution to the vote. A recorded vote has been requested.

Finally, we turn to draft resolu- tion N36/L.49 and Add. I, entitled "United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa". May I take it that the General Assembly decides to adopt that draft resolution?

In view of the lateness of the hour, we shall hear explanations of vote at this afternoon's meeting. The meeting rose at 1.45 p.m. NurEs I The delegations of Qatar and Vanuatu subsequently informed the Secretariat that they had intended to vote in favour of the draft resolu- tion. ~ The delegation of Ecuador subsequently informed the Secretariat that it had intended to abstain in the vote on the paragraph: the delegation of Qatar that it had intended to vote in favour. , The delegation of Costa Rica subsequently informed the Secretariat that it had intended to abstain in the vote on the draft resolution: the delegations of Qatar and Vanuatu that they had intended to vote in favour.