A/RES/31/178 GA

80 General Assembly-Thirty-first Session shall also be empowered to receive contributions from interna- tional organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, and from other private sources. 2. Contributions to the Fund may also be made by means of pledging conferences convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the first pledging conference to be convened not later than twelve months after the adoption of the statute of the Fund. Contributions as pledged to the Fund shall be payable within the twelve months following the pledge. 3. Cash contributions shall be made in convertible cur- renc\es or in currency readily usable by the Fund. 4. Contributions shall be made without limitation to a specific recipient country. Article 4 ORGANIZATION AND SUPERVISION 1. The policies and procedures of the Fund shall be for- mulated by a Board of Governors, composed of representatives of thirty-six States Members of the United Nations or mem- bers of specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency, elected by the General Assembly keeping in view inter alia, the need for balance among the representation of the beneficiary land-locked developing countries and their transit neighbours, on the one hand, and potential donor countries, both developed and developing, on the other. States elected to the Board of Governors shall do their utmost to ensure that their representatives possess the expertise required for the efficient operation of the Fund. 2. The members of the Board of Governors shall be elected for a term of three years, provided, however, that, of the members elected at the first election, the terms of one third of the members shall expire at the end of one year and the terms of a further one third of the members at the end of two years. Retiring members shall be eligible for re-election. 3. The Board of Governors shall report annually to the General Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. The comments of the Council on the report shall also be transmitted to the Assembly. 4. The Board of Governors shall meet at least once a year and as often as may be necessary for the conduct of the work of the Fund. 5. The Board of Governors may, in the light of require- ments, establish an Executive Committee which shall supervise the operations of the Fund on a continuous basis and report to the Board on its activities at regular intervals. Beneficiary land-locked developing countries and their transit neighbours, on the one hand, and potential donor countries, on the other, shall be represented on the Executive Committee in proportions similar to such representation on the Board of Governors. Article 5 QUORUM AND VOTING 1. A majority of the members of the Board of Governors or of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum. 2. Each member of the Board of Governors and each member of the Executive Committee shall have one vote. 3. Decisions on all questions shall as far as possible be made on the basis of consensus. In the absence of consensus, decisions shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting. For the purpose of the present article, the phrase "members present and voting" means members present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. Members which abstain from voting are considered as not voting. Article 6 MANAGEMENT 1. The chief executive officer of the Fund, who shall be appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations subject to confirmation by the General Assembly, shall be the Executive Director of the Fund. 2. The Executive Director shall discharge his functions under the guidance and supervision of the Board of Governors and the Executive Committee, if established, in whose delibera- tions he will participate without the right to vote. He shall exercise over-all responsibility for the day-to-day operations of the Fund and shall report directly, on a regular basis, to the Board of Governors, or through the Executive Committee, if established, on the operations of the Fund. 3. The Executive Director shall be assisted by a small secretariat within the framework of the United Nations Secre- tariat. The Fund may enter into management contracts with the competent international organizations, including the re- gional development banks, to conduct its operations. The contracts shall ensure the full and effective control, at all times, of the Fund over the operations. The Executive Director shall make effective use of the existing facilities of the United Nations Secretariat, including those of the United Nations Con- ference on Trade and Development, the regional commissions and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, as well as those of the United Nations Development Pro- gramme. Where appropriate, the Fund may also use the facilities of the specialized agencies. Article 7 MODES OF OPERATION 1. To carry out its purposes as specified in article 1, the Fund is empowered to make grants and Joans, including loans on concessionary terms, and, as appropriate, to participate in investments and to allocate assistance in kind under its control and direction. 2. The Fund shall ensure an equitable distribution of its resources, taking into account the needs of each of the land- locked developing countries as well as relevant problems at the regional and subregional levels. Article 8 RESPONSIBILITIES OF GOVERNMENTS OF RECIPIENT COUNTRIES Governments of recipient countries shall ensure the effective utilization of the resources provided by the Fund, shall main- tain the records required by the Fund in connexion with the administration of its financial and technical assistance and shall report fully on the utilization of such assistance. Article 9 FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION 1. The financial regulations for the Fund shall be drafted by the Secretary-General of the United Nations in consultation with the Executive Director of the Fund, for approval by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Board of Governors. In the preparation of these regulations, account shall be taken of the special requirements of the operations of the Fund. 2. Pending the approval by the General Assembly of financial regulations for the Fund, the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations102 shall apply. Article 10 FUTURE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS The General Assembly shall review, in the light of expe- rience, the effectiveness and further evolution of these institu- tional arrangements with a view to deciding upon such changes and improvements as may be necessary in order to meet fully the purposes of the Fund. 31/178. Implementation of General Assembly resolutions 2626 (XXV), 3202 (S-VI), 3281 (XXIX) and 3362 (S-VII) The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974 containing the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a 102 ST/SOB/Financial Rules/1/Rev.1 and Amend.1-5. V. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Second Committee 81 New International Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974 containing the Charter of Eco- nomic Rights and Duties of States and 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on development and interna- tional economic co-operation, Recalling also its resolution 3506 (XXX) of 15 December 1975 on the implementation of the decisions adopted by the General Assembly at its seventh special session, Recalling further its resolution 2626 (XXV) of 24 October 1970 containing the goals, targets and policy measures of the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade, which have been complemented and strengthened by its resolutions on the establishment of a new interna- tional economic order and its resolution 3517 (XXX) of 15 December 1975 on the mid-term review and appraisal of progress in the implementation of the In- ternational Development Strategy, NotinR the reports on the fourth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, held at Nairobi from 5 to 31 May 1976,103 and the interim report of the Conference on International Eco- nomic Co-operation,104 as well as other relevant reports, Noting further the pertinent decisions on the estab- lishment of the new international economic order adopted at the Third Ministerial Meeting of the Group of Seventy-seven, held at Manila from 26 January to 7 February 1976, 105 the Fifth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Colombo from 16 to 19 August 197 6,106 and the Conference on Economic Co-operation among De- veloping Countries, held at Mexico City from 13 to 22 September 197 6,101 Considering with deep and increasing concern that parts of the developing world are still subject to foreign aggression and occupation, apartheid, racial discrimina- tion and colonial and neo-colonial domination, which constitute major obstacles to the economic emancipa- tion and development of the developing countries as a whole as well as major threats to international peace and security, Noting the regret expressed by the developing coun- tries that the developed countries have yet to display the necessary political will to implement these funda- mental decisions of the United Nations and fulfil their commitments and obligations and to adjust their policies for this purpose, Deeply concerned that during the current Second United Nations Development Decade the terms of trade of the majority of developing countries have deteriorated, together with unprecedented and growing balance-of-payments deficits, that the burden of debt has reached unmanageable proportions in many devel- oping countries and growth in the developing countries is expected to fall short not only of the 6 per cent target of the International Development Strategy but 103 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Fourth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.76.II.D.10); A/31/276. 104 A/31/282, annex. 105 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Fourth Session, vol. T, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.76.II.D.10), annex V. 1oasee A/31/197, annex JJ. 101 See A/C.2/31/7. also of the rate of growth achieved in the First United Nations Development Decade and that, for many developing countries, particularly among the least de- veloped, land-locked, island and most seriously af- fected developing countries, real per capita income could, if present trends persist, be lower in 1980 than at the start of the Decade, Considering that the inequity in economic relations between the developed and the developing countries is one of the primal issues confronting the international community, a situation which could adversely affect international economic co-operation and the promo- tion of world peace and security, I 1. Affirms that its resolutions on the establishment of a new international economic order reflect a com- mitment on the part of all countries to ensure equitable economic relations between developed and developing countries and a deliberate, sustained and planned ef- fort to contribute to the development of the developing countries; 2. Emphasizes the conclusions reached in the mid- term review and appraisal of progress in the implemen- tation of the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade, con- tained in its resolution 3517 (XXX), which specifi- callv identified serious shortfalls in the implementation of frs resolution 2626 (XXV) during the first half of the Decade; 3. Expresses its deep concern and disappointment at the failure of the Conference on International Eco- nomic Co-operation to achieve thus far any concrete results; 4. Reaffirms that urgent, more vigorous and con- crete steps and actions still remain to be taken, collec- tively and individually, by all members of the interna- tional community to end without delay all forms of foreign aggression and occupation, racial discrimina- tion, apartheid, colonialism and neo-colonialism and that it is also the duty of all States effectively to sup- port and extend assistance to the countries, territories and peoples subjected to them so as to restore their national sovereignty, their territorial integrity and their inalienable and fundamental rights in order to promote development and international co-operation, peace and security; 5. Expresses deep concern, despite some progress in certain areas, at the slow pace of progress in the implementation of the measures specified in the reso- lutions and decisions of the General Assembly adopted at its sixth and seventh special sessions and at the limited nature of agreements reached at the fourth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; 6. Urges the international community, particularly the developed countries, to display the necessary politi- cal will in the ongoing negotiations in different United Nations forums and elsewhere so as to reach the con- crete and urgent solutions necessary to promote the establishment of a new international economic order; II 1. Decides to undertake during the course of its thirty-second session a detailed assessment of the prog- 82 General Assembly-Thirty-first Session ress made in the implementation of its resolutions 2626 (XXV), 3202 (S-VI), 3281 (XXIX) and 3362 (S-VII) under a single item entitled "Assessment of the progress made in the implementation of General As- sembly resolutions 2626 (XXV), 3202 (S-VI), 3281 (XXIX) and 3362 (S-VII) entitled, respectively, 'In- ternational Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade', 'Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order' 'Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States' 'and 'Development and international economic co-operation'''; 2. Requests the Economic and Social Council and the Committee on Review and Appraisal to prepare a preliminary assessment, for considerati_on by th~ Ge?- eral Assembly at its thirty-second session, beanng m mind the provisions of the preceding paragraphs and the reports at the sectoral and regional le~el ~ubmitted by the United Nations organs and orgamzations con- cerned, and such other developments as may take place in the interim; 3. Requests the Secretary-General and the heads of the United Nations bodies and organizations concerned, in preparing for the review and assessment, and M~m- ber States, in preparing their national reports on the im- plementation of the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade, to take fully into account the provisions of the present resolution, in particular section II, paragraph 1. J 06th plenary meeting 2 J December 1976 31/179. United Nations Conference on Technical Co-operation among Developing Coun- tries The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 3251 (XXIX) of 4 De- cember 1974 and 3461 (XXX) of 11 December 1975, and other relevant resolutions of the General As- sembly, Recalling its resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974, containing the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, and 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on development and in- ternational economic co-operation, Noting the recommendations made at the Fifth Con- ference of Heads of State or Government of Non- Aligned Countries, held at Colombo from 16 to 19 August 1976,108 and at the Conference on Economic Co-operation among Developing Countries, held at Mexico City from 13 to 22 September 1976,109 Bearing in mind Economic and Social Council reso- lution 2023 (LXI) of 4 August 1976, Recalling further the relevant decisions adopted by the Governing Council of the United Nations Devel- opment Programme at its eighteenth,110 nineteenth,111 108 See A/31/197. 109 See A/C.2/31/7. 110 Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, Fifty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 2A (E/5543/Rev.1), para. 224. 111 fbid., Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 2 (E/5646), para. 164. twentieth,112 twenty-first113 and twenty-second114 ses- sions, Taking note with appreciation of the statement made by the Administrator of the United Nations Develop- ment Programme emphasizing the _importanc~ of tech- nical co-operation among developmg countries as an integral part and a new dimension . of mutual co- operation for development and ?f his ~ssurance of making a great success of the Umted Nations Conf_er- ence on Technical Co-operation among Developmg Countries, 115 Further taking note of the reports on the first and second sessions of the sessional Committee on Tech- nical Co-operation among Developing Countries, con- tained in the report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme on its twenty- second session, of the reports of the participating and executing agencies of the United Nations development system and of the conclusions of the regional meeti?gs on technical co-operation among developing countries, held in Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and Africa, 1. Decides to convene the United Nations Confer- ence on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries at Buenos Aires from 27 March to 7 April 1978; 2. Requests the Administrator of the United Na- tions Development Programme, in view of the im- portance of the Conference, to act as the Secretary- General of the Conference; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to invite: (a) All States to participate in the Conference; ( b) Representatives of organizations that have received a standing invitation from the General As- sembly to participate in the sessions and the work of all international conferences convened under its auspices, in the capacity of observers, in accordance with As- sembly resolution 3237 (XXIX) of 22 November 1974; ( c) Representatives of the national liberation move- ments recognized in its region by the Organization of African Unity, in the capacity of observers, in accord- ance with General Assembly resolution 3280 (XXIX) of 10 December 1974; (d) The United Nations Council for Namibia to participate as an observer; ( e) The specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, the regional commissions, as well as interested organs of the United Nations, to be represented at the Conference; (f) Interested intergovernmental organizations to be represented by observers; (g) Interested non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Coun- cil to be represented by observers; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the necessary arrangements are made for the effective participation in the Conference of the representatives referred to in paragraph 3 ( b) and ( c) above, includ- ing the requisite financial provisions for their travel expenses and per diem; l1 2 /bid., Supplement No. 2A (E/5703/Rev.l ), para. 332. 113 Jbid., Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 2 (E/5779), para. 302. 114 fbid., Supplement No. 2A (E/5846/Rev.1 ), para. 512. 115 Ibid., para. 462.

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