A/RES/3171(XXVIII) GA

52 General Assembly-Twenty-eighth Session ment,59 and General Assembly resolution 2971 (XXVII) of 14 December 1972, Recognizing that, as a result of the geographic situ- ation of the land-locked developing countries, of the high cost of transportation and of the poor development of their infrastructure in all fields, the expansion of their trade and economic development is inhibited, Recognizing the need for the urgent extension of financial and technical assistance to land-locked devel- oping countries by the international community and international organizations on the basis of the recom- mendations of the United Nations system as a whole, particularly in the field of infrastructure of all kinds, Recalling the decision taken in this respect by the Fourth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Algiers from 5 to 9 September 1973,60 Conscious of the urgent needs of the land-locked developing countries and the special measures that must be considered and implemented in their favour, l. Invites all Member States and the competent international organizations to assist the land-locked developing countries in facilitating, within the frame- work of appropriate agreements, the exercise of their right of freedom of access to and from the sea; 2. ]!..equests the Secretary-General, in the imple- mentatwn of Economic and Social Council resolution 1755 (LIV) of 16 May 1973 and in consultation with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Develop- ment, to undertake a complete study on the establish- ment ~f a fund in favour of the land-locked developing countries; 3. Invites the Economic and Social Council to re- port to the General Assembly at its twenty-ninth session on the implementation of the provisions of the present resolution and other related resolutions of the various organs of the United Nations system. 2203rd plenary meeting 17 December 197 3 3170 (XXVIII). International years and anniversaries The General Assembly, Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 1800 (LV) of 7 August 1973, Decides to instruct its subsidiary bodies to propose the designation of international years only on t:1e most important occasions and, where possible, to propose instead celebrations of brief duration. 2203rd plenary meeting 17 December 1973 3171 (XXVIII). Permanent sovereignty over natural resources The General Assembly, Reiterating that the inalienable right of each State to the full exercise of national sovereignty over its 119 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Third Session, vol. I, Report and .Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No.: E.73.11.D.4), annex I.A. eo A/9330 and Corr.I, p. 77. natural resources has been repeatedly recognized by the international community in numerous resolutions of various organs of the United Nations, Reiterating also that an intrinsic condition of the exercise of the sovereignty of every State is that it be exercised fully and effectively over all the natural re- sources of the State, whether found on land or in the sea, Reaffirming the inviolable principle that every coun- try has the right to adopt the economic and social sys- tem which it deems most favourable to its development, Recalling its resolutions 1803 (XVII) of 14 Decem- ber 1962, 2158 (XXI) of 25 November 1966, 2386 (XXIII) of 19 November 1968, 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, 2692 (XXV) of 11 December 1970 and 3016 (XXVII) of 18 December 1972 and Secur- ity Council resolution 330 (1973) of 21 March 1973 which relate to permanent sovereignty over naturai resources, Recalling, in particular, the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,61 which proclaims that no State may use or encourage the use of economic political or any other type of measures to coerce an~ other State in order to obtain from it the subordination of th~ exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from 1t advantages of any kind, Considering that the full exercise by each State of sovereignty over its natural resources is an essential condition for achieving the objectives and targets of the Second United Nations Development Decade and that this exercise requires that action by States ~imed at achieving a better utilization and use of those re- sources must cover all stages, from exploration to mar- keting, Taking note of section VII of the Economic Dec- laration adopted by the Fourth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries held at Algiers from 5 to 9 September 1973,62 ' Taking note also of the report of the Secretary- General on permanent sovereignty over natural re- sources, 63 1. Strongly reaffirrm the inalienable rights of States to permanent sovereignty over all their natural re- sources, on land within their international boundaries as well as those in the sea-bed and the subsoil thereof within their national jurisdiction and in the superjacent Waters; 2. Supports resolutely the efforts of the developing countries and of the peoples of the territories under colonial and racial domination and foreign occupation in their struggle to regain effective control over their natural resources; 3. Affirms that the application of the principle of nationalization carried out by States, as an expression of their sovereignty in order to safeguard their natural resources, implies that each State is entitled to deter- mine the amount of possible compensation and the mode of payment, and that any disputes which might arise should be settled in accordance with the national legislation of each State carrying out such measures; 61 Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex. 62 A/9330 and Corr.I, p. 66. 43 E/5425 and Corr.I, E/5425/ Add.I. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Second Committee 53 4. Deplores acts of States which use force, armed aggression, economic coercion or any other illegal or improper means in resolving disputes concerning the exercise of the sovereign rights mentioned in paragraphs 1 to 3 above; 5. Re-emphasizes that actions, measures or legis- lative regulations by States aimed at coercing, d~rectly or indirectly, other States or peoples engaged m the reorganization of their internal structure or in the ex- ercise of their sovereign rights over their natural re- sources, both on land and in their coastal waters, are in violation of the Charter of the United Nations and of the Declaration contained in General Assembly res- olution 2625 (XXV) and contradict the targets, ob- jectives and policy measures of the International De- velopment Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade, 64 and that to persist therein could constitute a threat to international peace and security; 6. Emphasizes the duty of all States to refrain in their international relations from military, political, economic or any other form of coercion aimed against the territorial integrity of any State and the exercise of its national jurisdiction; 7. Recognizes that, as stressed in Economic and Social Council resolution 1737 (LIV) of 4 May 1973, one of the most effective ways in which the developing countries can protect their natural resources is to es- tablish, promote or strengthen machinery for co-opera- tion among them which has as its main purpose to concert pricing policies, to improve conditions of access to markets, to co-ordinate production policies and, thus, to guarantee the full exercise of sovereignty by developing countries over their natural resources; 8. Requests the Economic and Social Council, at its fifty-sixth session, to consider the report of the Secretary-General mentioned in the last preambular paragraph above and requests the Secretary-General to prepare a supplement to that report, in the light of the discussions that are to take place at the fifty-sixth session of the Council and of any other relevant devel- opments, and to submit that supplementary report to the General Assembly at its twenty-ninth session. 2203rd plenary meeting 17 December 1973 3172 (XXVIII). Holding of a special session of the General Assembly devoted to develop- ment and international economic co-opera- tion The General Assembly, Recognizing the need fully to study and review the general status of international development co-opera- tion, Aware of the growth of interdependence in the world economy and of the urgent need for international co- operation to be adapted to the requirements of economic and social development throughout the world, particu- larly in the developing countries, Recalling resolution 2626 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, by which it adopted the International Develop- ment Strategy for the Second United Nations Develop- ment Decade, and other relevant decisions of the General Assembly, M Resolution 2626 (XXV). Disturbed by the growing gap between the developed and developing countries and by the slow rate of prog- ress in the implementation of the goals and objectives of the International Development Strategy, Noting that the Fourth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Algiers from 5 to 9 September 1973, called for the convening of a special session of the General Assembly devoted exclusively to development problems,65 1. Decides to hold a special session of the General Assembly at a high political level on an appropriate date just before the thirtieth regular session for the purpose of examining the political and other implica- tions of the state of world development and interna- tional economic co-operation, expanding the dimensions and concepts of world economic and developmen- tal co-operation and giving the goal of development its rightful place in the United Nations system and on the international stage, and also decides that at the special session the Assembly will, in the light of the implementation of the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade: (a) Consider new concepts and options with a view to promoting effectively the solution of world eco- nomic problems, in particular those of developing countries, and assist in the evolution of a system of world economic relations based on the equality and common interests of all countries; ( b) Initiate the necessary and appropriate struc- tural changes to make the United Nations system a more effective instrument of world economic co- operation and for the implementation of the Interna- tional Development Strategy; 2. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare, in consultation with the various specialized organs of the United Nations, a preliminary report based on the points included in paragraph I above, and to submit it to the Economic and Social Council at its fifty- seventh session; 3. Calls upon the Economic and Social Council at its fifty-seventh session: (a) To consider that preliminary report; (b) To prepare a draft agenda for the special ses- sion; (c) To appoint, if necessary, a preparatory com- mittee and to transmit that committee's report on these issues to the General Assembly at its twenty-ninth session; 4. Further calls upon the Economic and Social Council to propose to the General Assembly a date for the special session and to take all necessary meas- ures concerning the organization of that session, in- cluding the final preparation of the documentation. 2203rd plenary meeting 17 December 1973 3173 (XXVIII). Assistance to Zambia The General Assembly, Recalling all previous resolutions adopted by the Security Council concerning the question of assistance to Zambia, in particular resolution 329 (1973) of 10 March 1973, 65 See A/9330 and Corr.I, p. 99.

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