A/RES/3264(XXIX) GA

Resolutions adopted on the reporta of the First Committee 27 bly at its thirtieth session of any measure adopted by those States; 4. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirtieth session an item entitled "Implementation of General Assembly resolution 3262 (XXIX) con- cerning the signature and ratification of Additional Protocol I of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America ( Treaty of Tlatelolco) ". 2309th plenary meeting 9 December 1974 3263 (XXIX). Establishment of a nuclear-weapon- free zone in the region of the Middle East The General Assembly, Having considered the question of the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East, Desiring to contribute to the maintenance of inter- national peace and security by bolstering and expand- ing the existing regional and global structures for the prohibition and/or prevention of the further spread of nuclear weapons, Realizing that the establishment of nuclear-weapon- free zones with an adequate system of safeguards could accelerate the process towards nuclear disarmament and the ultimate goal of general and complete disarma- ment under effective international control, Recalling the resolution adopted by the Council of the League of Arab States at its sixty-second session, hel~ in Cairo from 1 to 4 September 1974, on this subject, Recalling the message sent by His Imperial Majesty the Shahanshah of Iran on I 6 September I 974 on the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the re- gion of the Middle East,41 Considering that the establishment of nuclear- weapon-free zones, on the initiative of the States situ- ated within each zone concerned, is one of the measures which can contribute most effectively to halting the proliferation of those instruments of mass destruction and to promoting progress towards nuclear disarma- ment, with the goal of total destruction of all nuclear weapons and their means of delivery, Mindful of the political conditions particular to the region of the Middle East and of the potential danger emanating therefrom, which would be further aggra- vated by the introduction of nuclear weapons in the area, Conscious, therefore, of the need to keep the coun- tries of the region from becoming involved in a ruinous nuclear arms race, Recalling the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa issued by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity in July 1964,4~ Noting that the establishment of a nuclear-weapon- free zone in the region of the Middle East would con- tribute effectively to the realization of aims enunciated in the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa, Recalling the notable achievement of the countries of Latin America in establishing a nuclear-free zone, 41 Official Records of the General As.ffmbly, Twenty-ninth Session. Annexes, agenda item IOI, document A/9693"/ Add.3. ~~ Ibid .. Twentieth Snsiun, A1111exes, agenda item 105, docu- ment A/5975. Also recalling resolution B of the Conference of Non- Nuclear-Weapon States, held at Geneva from 29 August to 28 September I 968, in which the Conference recom- mended that non-nuclear-weapon States not comprised in the Latin American nuclear-free zone should study the possibility and desirability of establishing military denuclearization of their respective zones,43 Recalling the aims pursued by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,44 in particular the goal of preventing the further !.pread of nuclear weapons, Recalling its resolution 2373 (XXII) of 12 June 1968, in which it expressed the hope for the widest possible adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Prolifera- tion of Nuclear Weapons by both nuclear-weapon and non-nuclear-weapon States, l. Commends the idea of the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East; 2. Considers that, in order to advance the idea of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East, it is indispensable that all parties concerned in the area proclaim solemnly and immediately their in- tention to refrain, on a reciprocal basis, from produc- ing, testing, obtaining, acquiring or in any other way possessing nuclear weapons; 3. Calls upon the parties concerned in the area to accede to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; 4. Expresses the hope that all States, in particular the nuclear-weapon States, will lend their full co-op- eration for the effective realization of the aims of the present resolution; 5. Requests the Secretary-General to ascertain the views of the parties concerned with respect to the im- plementation of the present resolution, in particular with regard to its paragraphs 2 and 3, and to report to the Security Council at an early date and, subse- quently, to the General Assembly at its thirtieth session; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirtieth session the item entitled "Establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East". 2309th plenary meeting 9 December 1974 3264 (XXIX). Prohibition of action to influt>nee the environment and climate for military and other purposes incompatible with the maintenance of international security, hu- man well-being and health The General Assembly, Noting the concern of peoples to consolidate pl'.acc and to pursue efforts designed to save mankind from the danger of using new means of warfare, to limit the arms race and to bring about disarmament, Bearing in mind that, under conditions of continuou~ scientific and technological progress, new po-;sibilit1e, arise for using the results of this progress 1101 onlv t,,r peaceful but also for military purposes, Convinced that the prohibition of action tn intluent the environment and climate for military a11d oth: 43 lhid., Twenty-third Senion. agenda item 96. dou•n,: A/7277 and Corr.I and 2, para. 17. H Rc,olution 2373 (XXIJ). annex. General Assembly-Twenty-ninth SeHion hostile purposes, which are incompatible with the main- tenance of international security, human well-being and health, would serve the cause of strengthening peace and averting the threat of war, Taking into account the profound interest of States and peoples in the adoption of measures to preserve and improve the environment and to modify or mod- erate the climate solely for peaceful purposes for the benefit of present and future generations, 1. Considers it necessary to adopt, through the con- clusion of an appropriate international convention, ef- fective measures to prohibit action to influence the en- vironment. and climate for military and other hostile purposes, which are incompatible with the maintenance of international security, human well-being and health; 2. Takes note of the draft international convention on the prohibition of action to influence the environ- ment and climate for military and other purposes in- compatible with the maintenance of international sebi- rity, human well-being and health, submitted to the General Assembly by the Union of Soviet Socialist Re- publics, 411 as well as other points of view and sugges- tions put forward during the discussion of this question; 3. Requests the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament to proceed as soon as possible to achiev- ing agreement on the text of such a convention and to submit a report on the results achieved for considera- tion by the General Assembly at its thirtieth session; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament all doc- uments relating to the discussion by the General Assem- bly at its twenty-ninth session of the item entitled "Pro- hibition of action to influence the environment and cl!mate for !"ilitary and _other purposes incompatible with the maintenance of mtemational security human well-being and health"; ' 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirtieth session an item entitled "Prohibition of action to influence the environment and climate for military and other hostile purposes, which are incompatible with th~ maintenance of international security, human well-bemg and health". 2309th plenary meeting 9 December 1974 ANNEX Union of Soviet Soeiali11t Republics: draft convention on the prohibition of aetion to inftuenee the environment and elimale for military and other purposes incompatible with the maintenance of international security, human well-being and health The States Parties lo this Convention, Guided by the interests of consolidating peace and wishing to contribute to the cause of saving mankind from the danger of using new means of wai-fare, limiting the arms race and brin,ging about disarmament, Taking into account that. under conditions of continuous scientific and technological progress, new possibilities arise for using the results of this progress not only for peaceful but also for military puI1>0Ses, Considering that action to influence the environment and climate for military purposes may represent an exceptional danger lo universal peace and security as well as to human well•being and health, Expressinf? the profound interest of States and peoples in the adoption of measures to preserve and improve the environ- ment for the benefit of present and future generations, 45 See the annex to the present resolution. Desiring to contribute to the deepening of confidence amoog peoples and to the further improvement of the international situation, Striving to co-operate in implementing the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Have agreed on the following: ARTICLE I Each of the Parties to this Convention undertakes not to develop meteorological, geophysical or any other scientific or technological means of influencing the environment, including the weather and climate, for military and other purposes in- compatible with the maintenance of international security, human weld.-being and health, and, furthermore, never under any circumstMJces to resort to such means of influencing the environment and climate or to carry out preparations for their use. ARTICLE II I. For the purposes of this Convention, the activities re- ferred to in article I consist of those active influences on the surface of the land, the sea-bed and the ocean floor, the depths of the earth, the marine environment, the atmosphere or on any other elements of the environment that may cause damage by the following means: (a) Introduction into the cloud systems (air masses) of chemical reagents for the purpose of causing precipitation (formation of clouds) and other means of bringing about a redistribution of water resources; (b) Modification of the elements of the weather, dirnate and the hydrological system on land in any part of the sur- face of the earth; (c) Direct or indirect action to influence the electrical pr~ cesses in the atmosphere; (d) Direct or indirect disturbance of the elements of the energy and water balance of meteorological phenomena (cy- clones, anticyclones, cloud front systems); (e) Direct or indirect modifications of the physical and chemical parameters of the seas and oceans, the seashore, sea- bed and ocean floor that may lead to a change in the hydr~ logical system, water interchange process and ecology of the biological resources of the seas and oceans; (/) Direct or indirect stimulation of seismic waves by any methods or means that may produce earthquakes and accom- panying processes and phenomena, or destructive ocean waves, including tsunami; (g) Direct or indirect action on the surface of all area of water that may lead to a disturbance of the thermal and ga<;eous interchange between the hydrosphere and the atmos- phere; ( h) The creation of artificial continuous electromagnetic and acoustic fields in the oceans a,nd seas; (i) Modification of the natural state of the rivers, lakes, swamps and other aqueous elements of the land by any meth- ods or means, leading to reduction in the water-level, drying up, flooding, inundation, destruction of hydrotechnical instal- lations or having other harmful consequences: (j) Disturbance of the natural state of the lithosphere, including the land surface, by mechanical, physical or other means, causing erosion, a change in the mechanical structure, desiccation or flooding of the soil, or interference with irriga- tion or land improvement systems: ( k) The burning of vegetation and other actions leading to a disturbance of the ecology of the vegetable and animal kingdom: ( /) Direct or indirect action to influence the ionized or ozone layers in the atmosphere, the introduction of heat and radiant energy ahsorhing agents in the atmosphere and the contiguous layer. or other action that might lead to disturbances of the thermal and radiation equilihrium of the earth-atmosphere- sun sy~tem. 2. Subsequently, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, the list of actions enumerated in paragraph I of this article may be supplemented or amended de,pending upon the progress of scientific and technological re~earch. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the First Committee 29 ARTICLE III Each of the Parties to this Convention undertakes to re- frain from assisting, encouraging or inducing any State, group of States or international organizations whatsoever to carry out activities that violate the provisions of the Convention, as well as to refrain from participating either directly or in- directly in such activities carried out by other States or inter- national organizations. ARTICLE IV Each Party to this Convention undertakes, in accordance with its own constitutional procedures, to adopt the necessary measures to prohibit and prevent any activity carried out in violation of the provisions of the Convention anywhere what- soever within its jurisdiction or under its control. ARTICLE V Nothing in this Convention shall impede the economic or scientific and technological development of the Parties to the Convention or international economic and scientific co-opern- tion in the utilization, preservation and improvement of the environment for peaceful purposes. ARTICLE VI I. Any Party to this Convention that learns that any other Party to the Convention is acting in violation of the obliga- tions flowing from the provisions of the Convention may lodge a complaint with the Security Council of the United Nations. Such a complaint shall contain all possible evidence to sup- port the grounds for the complaint, together with a request that it be considered by the Security Council. 2. Each Party to this Convention undertakes to co-operate in carrying out any investigations that the Security Council may undertake in accordance. with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations on the basis of the complaint received by the Council. The Security Council shall inform the States Parties to the Convention of the results of such investigations. ARTICLE VII Each Party to this Convention undertakes to furnish or support assistance provided in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to any Party to the Convention that may make such a request, in the event that the Security Council adopts a decision to the effect that that Party h36 been subjected to danger as a ,result of the violation of the Convention. ARTICLE VIII I. Any Party may propose an amendment to this Conven- tion. Each proposed amendment shall be submitted to the de,positary Governments and shall be transmitted by them to all Parties to the Convention, which shall inform the depositary Governments of the adoption or rejection of the amendment at the earliest possible date after receiving it. 2. The amendment shaH enter into force for each Party accepting it after its adoption by the majority of Parties to the Convention, including the depositary Governments, and subsequently for each remaining Party on the day on which it adopts that amendment. ARTICLE IX Five years after the entry into force of this Convention, or before that date, if the majority of Parties to the Convention so request by submitting a proposal for that purpose to the depositary Governments, a conference of States Parties to the Conve,ntion shaU be convened in . . for the purpose of considering the operation of the Convention, in order to ensure that its provisions are being implemented. During such consideration, account shall be take,n of al•l new scientific and technological achievements that may relate to the Convt'.ntion. ------~ - ----- - ------- ARTICLE X I. This Convention shall be of a permanent nature. 2. Each Party to this Conventio•n shaH have the right, within the context of the realization of its own State sover- eignty. to withdraw from the Convention, if it decides that exceptiona•l circumstances connected with the content of the Convention have threatened the supreme interests of its coun- try. It sha-11 notify all other States Parties to the Convention and the Security Council of the United Nations three months prior to its withdrawal. The notification shall contain an account of the exceptional circumstances which, in the view of that Party, have threatened its SUP£eme interests. ARTICLE XI I. This Convention shaH be open to all States for signa- ture. Any State that does not sign the Convention before its entry into force ;n accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time. 2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification and accession shall be deposited with the Governments of . . . , which are hereby designated the depositary Governments. 3. This Convention shall enter into force after the deposit of the instruments of ratification by Governments, including Governments designated the depositary Governments of the Convention. 4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of this Convention, it shall enter into force on the da-te of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. 5. The depositary Governments shaM promptly notify a-11 States that sign or accede to this Convention of the date of each signature, the date of de,posit of each instrument of rati- fication or accession, the date of the entry into force of the Convention and the receipt by them of other information. 6. This Convention shall be registered by the depositary Governments in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. ARTICLE XII This Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equaHy authentic, shall be de- posited in the archives of the depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of the Convention shaU be forwarded by the depositary Governments to the Governments of the signatory or acceding States. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly furnished with full powers, have signed this Convention. DONE in of copies at on the . day 3265 (XXIX). Declaration and establishment of a nuclear-free zone in South Asia A The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 1378 (XIV) of 20 Novem- ber 1959, which established the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control, Convinced that the 'highest priority should be ac- corded to measures in the field of nuclear disarmament, Recalling its resolutions 1652 (XVI) of 24 Novem- ber I 961 entitled "Consideration of Africa as a denu- clearized zone", 1911 (XVIII) of 27 November 1963 entitled "Denuclearization of Latin America", 2033 (XX) of 3 December 1965 entitled "Declaration on the denuclearization of Africa" and 2286 (XXII) of

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