A/RES/34/180 GA

VI. Resolutions adopted on tbe reportl of the Third Committee 193 Noting with concern the delay in the publication of (b) To ensure an immediate end to torture and other the report of the Special Rapporteur135 and the report of forms of inhuman or degrading treatment and to prose- the Expert on the Question of the Fate of Missing and cute and punish those responsible for such practices; Disappeared Persons in Chile,136 (c) To restore fully the freedom of expression and Noting that both reports in their conclusions clearly information and of assembly and association; indicate that generally the situation of human rights has (d) To restore fuUy trade union rights, especially as not improved, and in a number of areas has even deteri- regards the freedom to form trade unions which can orated, compared with that described in the last report operate freely without government control and exercise of the Ad Hoe Working Group on the Situation of fully the right to strike; Human Rights in Chile,1 37 (e) To allow their citizens freely to enter and leave Deeply concerned about recent reports regarding the the country, and to restore Chilean nationality to those discovery in the main cemetery of Santiago de Chile of who have been deprived of it for political reasons; hundreds of unmarked graves believed to contain the (f) To restore fully the right of amparo (habeas remains of victims of political executions, and expressing corpus); the hope that the judicial investigation initiated to de- (g) To respect the rights, in particular the economic, termine the origins of those graves will be carried out social and cultural rights, of the indigenous population; without hindrance, (h) To adopt measures to improve the enjoyment of Noting with particular concern that the Chilean economic and social rights by the population at large; authorities have failed to take urgent and effective meas- 6_ Expresses its deep concern, although noting that ures, as requested by the General Assembly in resolution no persons are reported to have disappeared in Chile 33/ 175, to investigate and clarify the fate of persons during 1978 and 1979, that the disappearance between reported to have disappeared for political reasons, September 1973 and the end of 1977 of numerous per- Drawing the attention of the Commission on Human sons, whose whereabouts are still unknown, represents Rights to the recommendations contained in the report a continuous situation of gross and flagrant violations of of the Expert on the Question of the Fate of Missing and human rights; Disappeared Persons in Chile1ss when pursuing the ques- 7. Urges the Chilean authorities to investigate and tion of disappeared persons, as requested by the General clarify the fate of persons reported to have disappeared Assembly in resolution 33/173 of 20 December 1978, and when considering resolution 5 B (XXXII) of 5 Sep- for political reasons, to inform relatives of the outcome tember 19791s0 of the Sub-Commission on Prevention and to institute criminal proceedings against those re- of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, sponsible for such disappearances and punish those found guilty; 1. Commends the Special Rapporteur and the Ex- pert on the Question of the Fate of Missing and Disap- 8. Invites the Commission on Human Rights to con- peared Persons in Chile for their work; tinue to give close attention to the situation in Chile and, to this end: 2. Requests the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth session thoroughly to study the report of (a) To extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur the Special Rapporteur and the report of the Expert on on the situation of human rights in Chile, in accordance the Question of the Fate of Missing and Disappeared with paragraph 6 of Commission resolution 11 (XXXV); Persons in Chile; (b) To consider further at its thirty-sixth session the most effective ways of clarifying the whereabouts and 3. Reiterates its indignation at the continued viola- fate of missing and disappeared persons in Chile, taking tion of human rights in Chile and concludes that it should into account the contents of the report of the Expert on continue to exercise vigilance with regard to the situation the Question of the Fate of Missing and Disappeared of human rights in that country; Persons in Chile; 4. Expresses its grave concern that there has been a 9. Further urges the Chilean authorities to co- deterioration in a number of areas, notably in relation to: operate with the Special Rapporteur and the Expert on (a) An increase in the arbitrary powers of security the Question of the Fate of Missing and Disappeared agencies; Persons in Chile; (b) Cases of torture, ill-treatment and unexplained 10. Requests the Commission on Human Rights to deaths; report on the subject, through the Economic and Social (c) Freedom of assembly and association; Council, to the General Assembly at its thirty-fifth (d) Trade union rights; session. (e) The presumption of innocence of accused persons; (f) The treatment of indigenous people; 5. Strongly urges the Chilean authorities to respect and promote human rights in accordance with the ob- ligations Chile has undertaken under various interna- tional instruments and, in particular: (a) To cease the state of emergency, under which continued violations of human rights occur, and to re- store the democratic institutions and constitutional safe- guards formerly enjoyed by the Chilean people; mA/34/583. 186 A/34/583/ Add.I. 187 A/33/331. 188 A/34/583/ Add.I, paras. 193-198. 180 See E/CN.4/1350, chap. XVI, sect. A. 34/180. 106th plenary meeting 17 December 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women The General Assembly, Considering that one of the purposes of the United Nations, as stated in Articles 1 and 55 of the Charter, is to promote universal respect for human rights and fun- damental freedoms without distinction of any kind, in- cluding any distinction as to sex, Recalling the proclamation by the General Assembly, in its resolution 2263 (XXII) of 7 November 1967, of 194 General Allembly-Tblrty-fourth Semon the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Taking into account the conventions, resolutions, declarations and recommendations of the United Nations and of tlte specialized agencies designed to eliminate all forms of discrimination and to promote equal rights for men and women, Noting, in particular, its resolution 33/177 of 20 De- cember 1978 concerning the drafting of a convention on the elimination of discrimination against women, Considering that discrimination against women is in- compatible with human dignity and the welfare of society and constitutes an obstacle to the full realization of the potentialities of women, Affirming that women and men should participate and contribute on a basis of equality in the social, economic and political processes of development and should share equally in improved conditions of life, Recognizing that the welfare of the world and the cause of peace require the full participation of both men and women in society, Convinced that it is necessary to ensure the universal recognition in law and in fact of the principle of equality of men and women, 1. Adopts and opens for signature, ratification and accession the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution; 2. Expresses the hope that the Convention will be signed and ratified or acceded to without delay and will come into force at an early date; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to present the text of the Convention to the World Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women for its information; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its thirty-fifth session a report on the status of the Convention under an item entitled "Status of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women". 107th plenary meeting 18 December 1979 ANNEX Convention on the Ellmination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women The States Parties to the present Convention, Noting that the Charter of the United Nations reaffirms faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women, Noting that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights140 affirms the principle of the inadmissibility of discrimination and proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth therein, without distinction of any kind, including distinction based on sex, Noting that the States parties to the International Covenants on Human Rights141 have the obligation to ensure the equal right of men and women to enjoy all economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, Considering the international conventions concluded under the auspices of the United Nations and the specialized agencies promoting equality of rights of men and women, Noting also the resolutions, declarations and recommendations adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies promoting equality of rights of men and women, uo Resolution 217 A (III). 141 Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. Concerned, however, that despite these various instruments extensive discrimination against women continues to exist, Recalling that discrimination against women violates the principles of equality of rights and respect for human dignity, is an obstacle to the participation of women, on equal terms with men, in the political, social, economic and cultural life of their countries, hampers the growth of the prosperity of society and the family and makes more difficult the full development of the potentialities of women in the service of their countries and of humanity, Concerned that in situations of poverty women have the least access to food, health, education, training and opportunities for employment and other needs, Convinced that the establishment of the new international economic order based on equity and justice will contribute significantly towards the promotion of equality between men and women, Emphasizing that the eradication of apartheid, all forms of racism, racial discrimination, colonialism, neo-colonialism, ag- gression, foreign occupation and domination and interference in the internal affairs of States is essential to the full enjoyment of the rights of men and women, Affirming that the strengthening of international peace and security, the relaxation of international tension, mutual co- operation among all States irrespective of their social and eco- nomic systems, general and complete disarmament, in particular nuclear disarmament under strict and effective international control, the affirmation of the principles of justice, equality and mutual benefit in relations among countries and the realization of the right of peoples under alien and colonial domination and foreign occupation to self-determination and independence, as well as respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity, will promote social progress and development and as a conse- quence will contribute to the attainment of full equality between men and women, Convinced that the full and complete development of a country, the welfare of the world and the cause of peace require the maximum participation of women on equal terms with men in all fields, Bearing in mind the great contribution of women to the wel- fare of the family and to the development of society, so far not fully recognized, the social significance of maternity and the role of both parents in the family and in the upbringing of children, and aware that the role of women in procreation should not be a basis for discrimination but that the upbringing of children requires a sharing of responsibility between men and women and society as a whole, Aware that a change in the traditional role of men as well as the role of women in society and in the family is needed to achieve full equality between men and women, Determined to implement the principles set forth in the Dec- laration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and, for that purpose, to adopt the measures required for the elimination of such discrimination in all its forms and mani- festations, Have agreed on the following: PART I Article 1 For the purposes of the present Convention, the term "dis- crimination against women" shall mean any distinction, exclu- sion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field. Article 2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake: (a) To embody the principle of the equality of men and women in their national constitutions or other appropriate legislation if not yet incorporated therein and to ensure, through VL Resolutiom adopted on the reports of the Third Committee 195 law and other appropriate means, the practical realization of this principle; (b) To adopt appropriate legislative and other measures, in- cluding sanctions where appropriate, prohibiting all discrimina- tion against women; (c) To establish legal protection of the rights of women on an equal basis with men and to ensure through competent na- tional tribunals and other public institutions the effective pro- tection of women against any act of discrimination; (d) To refrain from engaging in any act or practice of dis- crimination against women and to ensure that public authorities and institutions shall act in conformity with this obligation; (e) To take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimina- tion against women by any person, organization or enterprise; (f) To take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or abolish existing laws, regulations, customs and practices which constitute discrimination against women; (g) To repeal all national penal provisions which constitute discrimination against women. Article 3 States Parties shall take in all fields, in particular in the political, social, economic and cultural fields, all appropriate measures, including legislation, to ensure the full development and advancement of women, for the purpose of guaranteeing them the exercise and enjoyment of human rights and funda- mental freedoms on a basis of equality with men. Article 4 1. Adoption by States Parties of temporary special measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between men and women shall not be considered discrimination as defined in the present Convention, but shall in no way entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate standards; these measures shall be discontinued when the objectives of equality of op- portunity and treatment have been achieved. 2. Adoption by States Parties of special measures, including those measures contained in the present Convention, aimed at protecting maternity shall not be considered discriminatory. Article 5 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures: (a) To modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women, with a view to achieving the elimination of prejudices and customary and all other practices which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes or on stereotyped roles for men and women; (b) To ensure that family education includes a proper un- derstanding of maternity as a social function and the recognition of the common responsibility of men and women in the up- bringing and development of their children, it being understood that the interest of the children is the primordial consideration in all cases. Article 6 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to suppress all forms of traffic in women and ex- ploitation of prostitution of women. PART II Article 7 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the political and public life of the country and, in particular, shall ensure to women, on equal terms with men, the right: (a) To vote in all elections and public referenda and to be eligible for election to all publicly elected bodies; (b) To participate in the formulation of government policy and the implementation thereof and to hold public office and perform all public functions at all levels of government; (c) To participate in non-governmental organizations and associations concerned with the public and political life of the country. Article 8 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure to women, on equal terms with men and without any discrimina- tion, the opportunity to represent their Governments at the international level and to participate in the work of interna- tional organizations. Article 9 1. States Parties shall grant women equal rights with men to acquire, change or retain their nationality. They shall ensure in particular that neither marriage to an alien nor change of nationality by the husband during marriage shall automatically change the nationality of the wife, render her stateless or force upon her the nationality of the husband. 2. States Parties shall grant women equal rights with men with respect to the nationality of their children. PART III Article JO States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in order to ensure to them equal rights with men in the field of education and in particular to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women: (a) The same conditions for career and vocational guidance, for access to studies and for the achievement of diplomas in educational establishments of all categories in rural as well as in urban areas; this equality shall be ensured in pre-school, gen- eral, technical, professional and higher technical education, as well as in all types of vocational training; (b) Access to the same curricula, the same examinations, teaching staff with qualifications of the same standard and school premises and equipment of the same quality; (c) The elimination of any stereotyped concept of the roles of men and women at all levels and in all forms of education by encouraging coeducation and other types of education which will help to achieve this aim and, in particular, by the revision of textbooks and school programmes and the adaptation of teaching methods; (d) The same opportunities to benefit from scholarships and other study grants; (e) The same opportunities for access to programmes of con- tinuing education, including adult and functional literacy pro- grammes, particularly those aimed at reducing, at the earliest possible time, any gap in education existing between men and women; (f) The reduction of female student drop-out rates and the organization of programmes for girls and women who have left school prematurely; (g) The same opportunities to participate actively in sports and physical education; (h) Access to specific educational information to help to ensure the health and well-being of families, including informa- tion and advice on family planning. Article 11 1. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of employ- ment in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, the same rights, in particular: (a) The right to work as an inalienable right of all human beings; (b) The right to the same employment opportunities, in- cluding the application of the same criteria for selection in mat- ters of employment; (c) The right to free choice of profession and employment, the right to promotion, job security and all benefits and con- ditions of service and the right to receive vocational training and retraining, including apprenticeships, advanced vocational training and recurrent training; (d) The right to equal remuneration, including benefits, and to equal treatment in respect of work of equal value, as well as equality of treatment in the evaluation of the quality of work; (e) The right to social security, particularly in cases of re- tirement, unemployment, sickness, invalidity and old age and other incapacity to work, as well as the right to paid leave; 196 General Allemllly-Tldrty-foartb Sellloa (f) The right to protection of health and to safety in working conditions, including the safeguarding of the function of reproduction. 2. In order to prevent discrimination against women on the grounds of marriage or maternity and to ensure their effective right to work, States Parties shall take appropriate measures: (a) To prohibit, subject to the imposition of sanctions, dis- missal on the grounds of pregnancy or of maternity leave and discrimination in dismissals on the basis of marital status; (b) To introduce maternity leave with pay or with com- parable social benefits without loss of former employment, seniority or social allowances; (c) To encourage the provision of the necessary supporting social services to enable parents to combine family obligations with work responsibilities and participation in public life, in particular through promoting the establishment and develop- ment of a network of child-care facilities; · (d) To provide special protection to women during preg- nancy in types of work proved to be harmful to them. 3. Protective legislation relating to matters covered in this article shall be reviewed periodically in the light of scientific and technological knowledge and shall be revised, repealed or extended as necessary. Article 12 1. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of health care in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, access to health care services, including those related to family planning. 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article, States Parties shall ensure to women appropriate services in connexion with pregnancy, confinement and the post-natal period, granting free services where necessary, as well as ade- quate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. Article 13 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in other areas of economic and social life in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, the same rights, in particular: (a) The right to family benefits; (b) The right to bank loans, mortgages and other forms of financial credit; (c) The right to participate in recreational activities, sports and all aspects of cultural life. Article 14 1. States Parties shall take into account the particular prob- lems faced by rural women and the significant roles which rural women play in the economic survival of their families, including their work in the non-monetized sectors of the economy, and shall take all appropriate measures to ensure the application of the provisions of the present Convention to women in rural areas. 2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right: (a) To participate in the elaboration and implementation of development planning at all levels; (b) To have access to adequate health care facilities, includ- ing information, counselling and services in family planning; (c) To benefit directly from social security programmes; (d) To obtain all types of training and education, formal and non-formal, including that relating to functional literacy, as well as, inter alia, the benefit of all community and extension services, in order to increase their technical proficiency; (e) To organize self-help groups and co-operatives in order to obtain -equal access to economic opportunities through em- ployment or self-employment; (f) To participate in all community activities; (g) To have access to agricultural credit and loans, market- ing facilities, appropriate technology and equal treatment in land and agrarian reform as well as in land resettlement schemes; (h) To enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in re- lation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, trans- port and communications. PART IV Article 15 1. States Parties shall accord to women equality with men before the law. 2. States Parties shall accord to women, in civil matters, a legal capacity identical to that of men and the same oppor- tunities to exercise that capacity. In particular, they shall give women equal rights to conclude contracts and to administer property and shall treat them equally in all stages of procedure in courts and tribunals. 3. States Parties agree that all contracts and all other private instruments of any kind with a legal effect which is directed at restricting the legal capacity of women shall be deemed null and void. 4. States Parties shall accord to men and women the same rights with regard to the law relating to the movement of per- sons and the freedom to choose their residence and domicile. Article 16 1. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations and in particular shall ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women: (a) The same right to enter into marriage; (b) The same right freely to choose a spouse and to enter into marriage only with their free and full consent; (c) The same rights and responsibilities during marriage and at its dissolution; (d) The same rights and responsibilities as parents, irre- spective of their marital status, in matters relating to their children; in all cases the interests of the children shall be paramount; (e) The same rights to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children and to have access to the information, education and means to enable them to exercise these rights; (f) The same rights and responsibilities with regard to guardianship, wardship, trusteeship and adoption of children, or similar institutions where these concepts exist in national legislation; in all cases the interests of the children shall be paramount; (g) The same personal rights as husband and wife, including the right to choose a family name, a profession and an occupation; (h) The same rights for both spouses in respect of the ownership, acquisition, management, administration, enjoyment and disposition of property, whether free of charge or for a valuable consideration. 2. The betrothal and the marriage of a child shall have no legal effect, and all necessary action, including legislation, shall be taken to specify a minimum age for marriage and to make the registration of marriages in an official registry compulsory. PART V Article 17 I. For the purpose of considering the progress made in the implementation of the present Convention, there shall be es- tablished a Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) con- sisting, at the time of entry into force of the Convention, of eighteen and, after ratification of or accession to the Convention by the thirty-fifth State Party, of twenty-three experts of high moral standing and competence in the field covered by the Convention. The experts shall be elected by States Parties from among their nationals and shall serve in their personal capacity, consideration being given to equitable geographical distribution and to the representation of the different forms of civilization as well as the principal legal systems. 2. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons nominated by States Parties. Each State Party may nominate one person from among its own nationals. VI. Resolatlom adopted on the repor111 of the Third Committee 197 3. The initial election shall be held six months after the date of the entry into force of the present Convention. At least three months before the date of each election the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a letter to the States Parties inviting them to submit their nominations within two months. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all persons thus nominated, indicating the States Parties which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties. 4. Elections of the members of the Committee shall be held at a meeting of States Parties convened by the Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters. At that meeting, for which two thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons elected to the Committee shall be those nominees who obtain the largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting. 5. The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years. However, the terms of nine of the members elected at the first election shall expire at the end of two years; immediately after the first election the names of these nine mem- bers shall be chosen by lot by the Chairman of the Committee. 6. The election of the five additional members of the Com- mittee shall be held in accordance with the provisions of para- graphs 2, 3 and 4 of this article, following the thirty-fifth ratification or accession. The terms of two of the additional members elected on this occasion shall expire at the end of two years, the names of these two members having been chosen by lot by the Chairman of the Committee. 7. For the filling of casual vacancies, the State Party whose expert has ceased to function as a member of the Committee shall appoint another expert from among its nationals, subject to the approval of the Committee. 8. The members of the Committee shall, with the approval of the General Assembly, receive emoluments from United Na- tions resources on such terms and conditions as the Assembly may decide, having regard to the importance of the Committee's responsibilities. 9. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall pro- vide the necessary staff and facilities for the effective perform- ance of the functions of the Committee under the present Convention. Article 18 1. States Parties undertake to submit to the Secretary- General of the United Nations, for consideration by the Com- mittee, a report on the legislative, judicial, administrative or other measures which they have adopted to give effect to the provisions of the present Convention and on the progress made in this respect: (a) Within one year after the entry into force for the State concerned; (b) Thereafter at least every four years and further when- ever the Committee so requests. 2. Reports may indicate factors and difficulties affecting the degree of fulfilment of obligations under the present Convention. Article 19 1. The Committee shall adopt its own rules of procedure. 2. The Committee shall elect its officers for a term of two years. Article 20 1. The Committee shall normally meet for a period of not more than two weeks annually in order to consider the reports submitted in accordance with article 18 of the present Convention. 2. The meetings of the Committee shall normally be held at United Nations Headquarters or at any other convenient place as determined by the Committee. Article 21 1. The Committee shall, through the Economic and Social Council, report annually to the General Assembly of the United Nations on its activities and may make suggestions and general recommendations based on the examination of reports and information received from the States Parties. Such suggestions and general recommendations shall be included in the report of the Committee together with comments, if any, from States Parties. 2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall trans- mit the reports of the Committee to the Commission on the Status of Women for its information. Article 22 The specialized agencies shall be entitled to be represented at the consideration of the implementation of such provisions of the present Convention as fall within the scope of their activities. The Committee may invite the specialized agencies to submit reports on the implementation of the Convention in areas falling within the scope of their activities. PART VI Article 23 Nothing in the present Convention shall affect any provisions that are more conducive to the achievement of equality between men and women which may be contained: (a) In the legislation of a State Party; or (b) In any other international convention, treaty or agree- ment in force for that State. Article 24 States Parties undertake to adopt all necessary measures at the national level aimed at achieving the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Convention. Article 25 1. The present Convention shall be open for signature by all States. 2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is desig- nated as the depositary of the present Convention. 3. The present Convention is subject to ratification. Instru- ments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary- General of the United·Nations. 4. The present Convention shall be open to accession by all States. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instru- ment of accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 26 1. A request for the revision of the present Convention may be made at any time by any State Party by means of a notifica- tion in writing addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2. The General Assembly of the United Nations shall de- cide upon the steps, if any, to be taken in respect of such a request. Article 27 1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession. 2. For each State ratifying the present Convention or acced- ing to it after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratifica- tion or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession. Article 28 1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall receive and circulate to all States the text of reservations made by States at the time of ratification or accession. 2. A reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of the present Convention shall not be permitted. 3. Reservations may be withdrawn at any time by notifica- tion to this effect addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall then inform all States thereof. Such notification shall take effect on the date on which it is received. Article 29 1. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concern- ing the interpretation or application of the present Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. H within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those 198 General Assembly-Thirty-fourth Selillon parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court. 2. Each State Party may at the time of signature or ratifica- tion of the present Convention or accession thereto declare that it does not ,consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of this article. The other States Parties shall not be bound by that paragraph with respect to any State Party which has made such a reservation. 3. Any State Party which has made a reservation in ac- cordance with paragraph 2 of this article may at any time with- draw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 30 The present Convention, the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts of which are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed the present Convention.

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