A/RES/34/197 GA

136 General Aaembly (e) The establishment of multinational marketing enterprises among developing countries; as well as for the studies and necessary meetings pursuant to resolution 1 (1) of 9 May 1977 of the Committee on Economic Co-operation among Developing Countries;16º 25. Welcomes Trade and Development Board deci- sion 186 (XIX) of 17 October 19791 ~9 on trade rela- tions among countries having different economic and social systems and all trade flows resulting therefrom, and urges all States members of the United ~a!ions Conference on Trade and Development to part1c1pate constructively in the consideration of this question at the twenty-first session of the Board; 26. Endorses resolution 107 (V) of 1 June 1979 of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Develop- mentm and requests the Trade and Development Board, at its twenty-first session, to recommend the place, date and duration of the sixth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, bearing in mind the offer made in this regard by the Govemment of Cuba. 109th plenary meeting 19 December 1979 34/197. Effects of the world inftationary phenomenon on the development process The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 2626 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, containing the lntemational Development Strat- egy for the Second United N ations Development Decade, 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974, containing the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New Intemational Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974, containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, and 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on development and international economic co-operation, Recalling its resolutions 34/138 and 34/139 of 14 December 1979 on the global negotiations relating to international economic co-operation for development to deal with raw materials, energy, trade, development and financial and monetary questions, Recalling its resolution 32/175 of 19 December 1977, in which it requested the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to establish a group of high-level govemmental experts to prepare a study of the inflationary phenomenon and to transmit it, together with the comments of the Trade and Development Board, to the General Assembly, so that the Assembly might decide what action should be taken, including the possibility of holding a world con- ference on inflation, Recalling its resolution 33/155 of 20 December 1978, in which it, inter alía, took note of the report of the Group of High-level Governmental Experts on the Effects of the World Inflationary Phenomenon on the Development Process, 101 Noting with regret that the United Nations Confer- ence on Trade and Development, at its fifth session, did not take a firm decision on international policy measures to combat the world inflationary phenomenon or on the conclusions and recommendatlons contained in the report of the Group of Experts, 190 See Official Records of the Trade and Develop_ment Board, Seventeenth Session, Supplement No. 2 (TD/B/6S2), annex l. 161 lbid., Eighteenth Session, Annexes, document TD/B/704. '11drty-fomtb Sesidon Recalling a/so Trade and Development Board deci- sion 144 (XVI) of 23 October 1976, entitled "Arrange- ments to keep under review interrelated problems ~n the field of intemational trade and related areas of mter- national economic co-operation, in particular develop- ment finance and monetary issues", 162 in which, inter alia, the Secretary-General of the United Nations Confer- ence on Trade and Development was requested to keep such problems under continuous review, Bearing in mind that deteriorating internatio~al ~o- nomic conditions and the high rates of world mflat1on are hindering the growth of the econo1;11ies of ali coun- tries, particularly the developing countnes, Bearing in mind also ~hat inflat~on . intem~t~ona_lly transmitted to the developmg countnes ts acqumng m- creasingly alarming proportions, Recognizing the fundamental interconnexion between inflationary pressures, protectionism, growth, balance- of-payments disequilibrium and the uncontrolled crea- tion of international monetary liquidity, Taking note of the proposal made by the Govem- ment of Iraq concerning the establishment of 31n inter- national fund to combat the adverse effects of 1mported inflation on the economies of the developing coun- tries, 168 1. Recognizes that the present world inflationary process seriously affects the economies of the developing countries because, inter alia: (a) It has increased the cost of their essential im- ports, particularly capital goods and manufactures; (b) It has led to instability in the export eamings of their essential commodities; (e) It has caused considerable fluctuations in the exchange rates of the countries with greater trading activity, with resultant adverse effects ~n world ~rade, particularly on the exports of the developmg countnes; (á) It has substantially increased the current ac- count deficit and the debt burden of the developing countries; (e) It has reduced the real value of the flow of official development assistance; (f) It has adversely affected the net flow of real re- sources, thereby aggravating the trade and development problems of the developing countries; (g) It has reduced the real value of the monetary reserves of the developing countries; 2. Affirms, therefore, the urgent need for the im- plementation of policies, particularly by industrialized countries, to control inflation by, inter alía, such meas- ures as elimination of protectionism, fiscal and monetary policies, acceleration of the transfer of real resources to developing countries, structural adjustments and sus- tained real economic growth; 3. Requests the Trade and Development Board, when considering the item entitled "Interdependence of trade problems, development finance and the intema- tional monetary system", which it maintains on its agenda by virtue of its decision 144 (XVI), to discuss measures to combat the world inflationary phenomenon with a view to accelerating the real growtb of the de- veloping countries and increasing their import capacity in a context of just and stable financial markets; m See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-first Session, Supplement No. 15 (A/31/lS and Corr.1), vol. II, annex l. 1e3 lbid., Thirty-fourth Session, Second Committee, 41st meet- ing, para. 41. V. Resolutions adopted on the reports of tbe Second Committee 137 4. Requests the Secretary-General of the United 5. Commends the Governing Council of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, with Nations Development Programme, the United Nations the assistance of experts, if necessary, as envisaged in Conference on Trade and Development and other re- Trade and Development Board decision 144 (XVI), to lated agencies within the United Nations system for the prepare a report on this subject for consideration by the work and assistance they have provided to the land- Trade and Development Board ami subsequently by the locked developing countries; General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session. 6. Invites the United Nations Development Pro- 34/198. 109th plenary meeting 19 Deccmber J 979 Specific action related to the particular needs and problems of land-locked developing countries The General Assembly, Reiterating the specific actions in favour of the land- locked developing countries, particularly those en- visaged in resolutions 63 (III) of 19 May 1972,16' 98 (IV) of 31 May 197616 ·• and 123 ( V) of 3 June 1979'"" of the United Nations Conferencc nn 'frade and Dc- velopment, Bearing in mind various other resolutions adopted by the General Assembly, its related organs and the special- ized agencies emphasizing special and urgent measures in favour of land-locked developing countries, Recognizing that the lack of access to the sea, ag- gravated by great distances to seaports, by remoteness and isolation from world markets, and by the greater difficulties and costs of their international transport services, constitutes a majar and persistent hindrancc to the social and economic development of the land-locked developing countries, Recalling the provisions of its resolutions 31/157 of 21 December 1976, 32/191 of 19 December 1977 and 33/ 150 of 20 December 1978, and other relevant reso- lutions of the United Nations with respect to the exercise of the right of land-locked developing countries to free access to and from the sea as well as their right to free- dom of transit, 1. Reatfzrms the right of land-locked developing countries to free access to and from the sea and their right to freedom of transit; 2. Calls upon ali countries, intemational organiza- tions and financia! institutions urgently to implement the specific actions related to the particular needs and ptob- lems of land-locked developing countries envisaged in resolutions 63 (111), 98 (N) and 123 (V) of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and in other relevant resolutions adopted by the United Nations; 3. Notes with regret that the assistance given thus far falls far short of the needs of the land-locked de- veloping countries; 4. Urges all donor countries as well as the interna- tional organizations concerned to provide land-locked developing countries with appropriate financia! aid and assistance in the form of grants or concessional loans for the construction, improvement and maintenance of their transport and transit infrastructures and facilities; 164 See Proceedings o/ the United Nations Co11fere11ce on Trade and Development, Third Session, vol. I, Report a11d Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.73.II.D.4), annex I.A. 165 lbid., Fourth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.76.II.D.10 and corrigendum), part one, sect. A. 168 lbid., Fifth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.II.D.14), part one, sect. A. gramrne and the financia! institutions of the United Na- tions system to take appropriate and effective measures in order to provide additional resources within their spheres of competence to meet the particular needs of the land-locked developing countries; 7. Invites the Preparatory Committee for the New International Development Strategy to take fully into account, in the formulation of the strategy for the third United Nations development decade, the special prob- lems relating to land-locked developing countries; 8. Further invites the international community to give financia! support to interested transit and land- locked dcveloping countries in the construction of alter- nate routes to the sea; 9. Recommends intensified activities relating to the conducting of necessary studies and the implementation of special actions and action programmes, including those under "economic co-operation among developing countries", as well as those under the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, at the regional and subregional levels, in co-operation with the regional commissions. 109th plenary meeting 19 December 1979 34/ 199. Multilateral trade negotiations The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974, containing the Declaration and the Pro- gramme of Action on the Establishment of a New Tnternational Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12 De- cember 197 4, containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, and 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on development and intemational economic co-operation, Considering that the Tokyo Declaration of 1973 167 called for the Tokyo round of multilateral trade negotia- tions and set forth the framework, principies and objec- tives to govern the negotiations, especially the objectives and commitments in favour of developing countries, particularly those regarding the principie of non- reciprocity in trade relations between developed and developing countries, the special and differential treat- ment for developing countries and the securing of addi- tional benefits for the international trade of developing countries and the maintaining and improving of the generalized system of preferences, Bearing in mind the modified part four of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade stipulating, inter alia, that the developed countries should not expect recipro- city in their trade relations with developing countries, Recalling also its resolution 33/199 of 29 January 1979, in which it, inter alia, reiterated the need for con- tinued efforts aimed at the reform of the General Agree- ment on Tariffs and Trade and the international trade 167 See General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Basic lnstru- ments and Selected Documents, Twentieth Supplemmt (Sales No. GATI/1974-1), p. 19.

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