A/RES/34/199 GA

V. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Second Committee 137 4. Requests the Secretary-General of the United 5. Commends the Governing Council of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, with Nations Development Programme, the United Nations the assistance of experts, if necessary, as envisaged in Conference on Trade and Development and other re- Trade and Development Board decision 144 (XVI), to lated agencies within the United Nations system for the prepare a report on this subject for consideration by the work and assistance they have provided to the land- Trade and Development Board and subsequently by the locked developing countries; General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session. 6. Invites the United Nations Development Pro- 34/198. 109th plenary meeting 19 December I 979 Specific action related to the particular needs and problems of land-locked developing countries The General Assembly, Reiterating the specific actions in favour of the land- locked developing countries, particularly those en- visaged in resolutions 63 (Ill) of 19 May 1972,16' 98 (IV) of 31 May 197616 ·• and 123 ( V) of 3 June 1979'"" of the United Nations Conference on Trade and De- velopment, Bearing in mind various other resolutions adopted by the General Assembly, its related organs and the special- ized agencies emphasizing special and urgent measures in favour of land-locked developing countries, Recognizing that the lack of access to the sea, ag- gravated by great distances to seaports, by remoteness and isolation from world markets, and by the greater difficulties and costs of their international transport services, constitutes a major and persistent hindrance to the social and economic development of the land-locked developing countries, Recalling the provisions of its resolutions 31/157 of 21 December 1976, 32/191 of 19 December 1977 and 33/ 150 of 20 December 1978, and other relevant reso- lutions of the United Nations with respect to the exercise of the right of land-locked developing countries to free access to and from the sea as well as their right to free- dom of transit, 1. Reaffirms the right of land-locked developing countries to free access to and from the sea and their right to freedom of transit; 2. Calls upon all countries, international organiza- tions and financial institutions urgently to implement the specific actions related to the particular needs and prob- lems of land-locked developing countries envisaged in resolutions 63 (III), 98 (N) and 123 (V) of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and in other relevant resolutions adopted by the United Nations; 3. Notes with regret that the assistance given thus far falls far short of the needs of the land-locked de- veloping countries; 4. Urges all donor countries as well as the interna- tional organizations concerned to provide land-locked developing countries with appropriate financial aid and assistance in the form of grants or concessional loans for the construction, improvement and maintenance of their transport and transit infrastructures and facilities; 164 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Third Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.73.II.D.4), annex I.A. 165 Ibid., Fourth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.76.II.D.10 and corrigendum), part one, sect. A. 168 Ibid., Fifth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.II.D.14), part one, sect. A. gramme and the financial institutions of the United Na- tions system to take appropriate and effective measures in order to provide additional resources within their spheres of competence to meet the particular needs of the land-locked developing countries; 7. Invites the Preparatory Committee for the New International Development Strategy to take fully into account, in the formulation of the strategy for the third United Nations development decade, the special prob- lems relating to land-locked developing countries; 8. Further invites the international community to give financial support to interested transit and land- locked developing countries in the construction of alter- nate routes to the sea; 9. Recommends intensified activities relating to the conducting of necessary studies and the implementation of special actions and action programmes, including those under "economic co-operation among developing countries", as well as those under the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, at the regional and subregional levels, in co-operation with the regional commissions. 109th plenary meeting 19 December 1979 34/ 199. Multilateral trade negotiations The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974, containing the Declaration and the Pro- gramme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12 De- cember 197 4, containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, and 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on development and international economic co-operation, Considering that the Tokyo Declaration of 1973 167 called for the Tokyo round of multilateral trade negotia- tions and set forth the framework, principles and objec- tives to govern the negotiations, especially the objectives and commitments in favour of developing countries, particularly those regarding the principle of non- reciprocity in trade relations between developed and developing countries, the special and differential treat- ment for developing countries and the securing of addi- tional benefits for the international trade of developing countries and the maintaining and improving of the generalized system of preferences, Bearing in mind the modified part four of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade stipulating, inter alia, that the developed countries should not expect recipro- city in their trade relations with developing countries, Recalling also its resolution 33/199 of 29 January 1979, in which it, inter alia, reiterated the need for con- tinued efforts aimed at the reform of the General Agree- ment on Tariffs and Trade and the international trade 167 See General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Basic Instru- ments and Selected Documents, Twentieth Supplemmt (Sales No. GATI/1974-1), p. 19. 138 General Assembly-Thirty-fourth Session regime in accordance with the principle of special and differential treatment of developing countries, Recalling further decision 132 (V) of 3 June 1979 of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Develop- ment108 in which the Trade and Development Board was requested to make a global evaluation of the multilateral trade negotiations, Regretting that, contrary to the commitments made by the developed countries in the Tokyo Declaration, no real attempt was made to extend special and differential treatment to the developing countries and to secure addi- tional benefits for them in all areas of negotiation in the multilateral trade negotiations, Noting that the Trade and Development Board, at its nineteenth session, decided to conduct a global evalua- tion of the results of the multilateral trade negotiations, 100 1. Takes note of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting the report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development on the multilateral trade negotiations;110 2. Takes note also of the report of the Director- General of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade on the multilateral trade negotiations;171 3. Notes with deep concern that the developed countries which are contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade did not take fully into account in all areas of negotiation in the multilateral trade negotiations the interests and concerns of develop- ing countries, especially the least developed countries; 4. Notes with particular concern that the negotia- tions aimed at establishing an improved legal framework for the conduct of international trade more responsive to the needs and aspirations of developing countries had disappointing results; 5. Affirms that the interests and rights of developing countries must be fully safeguarded and preserved in the process of implementation of the results of the multi- lateral trade negotiations; 6. Urges that the negotiations on the safeguards code should be speedily concluded to provide for greater discipline and fair and non-discriminatory rules for the use of safeguard measures, with a view to contributing significantly to meeting the main concerns of the de- veloping countries and enabling those countries to participate in the results of the multilateral trade negotia- tions on an equitable basis; 1. Reiterates the need for undertaking negotiations on a systematic basis for the elimination of quantitative restrictions and other non-tariff as well as tariff barriers against the exports of the developing countries and until the objectives and commitments undertaken in the Tokyo Declaration, including, inter alia, the need for preferential and special treatment in favour of develop- mg countries and explicit recognition of the principle of non-reciprocity, are achieved; 8. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to pre- 168 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Fifth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.11.D.14), part one, sect. A. 169 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty- fourth Session, Supplement No. 15 (A/34/lS and Corr.I), vol. II, part two, annex I, decision 201 (XIX). 170 A/34/443. 111 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, The Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: Report by the Direc- tor-General of GA.TT (Sales No. GATT/1979-3); transmitted to the members of the General Assembly by a note of the Secretary-General (A/34/4I8 and Corr.I). pare, in conformity with decision 132 (V) of the Con- ference, a comprehensive report on the results of _the multilateral trade negotiations in the light o~ the obJ~c- tives and commitments of the Tokyo Declaration, placing special emphasis on those sectors in which the results obtained have not fully responded to the interests and concerns of developing countries, for submission to the Trade and Development Board at its twentieth session, for the purpose of undertaking a global evaluation of such negotiations and with a vi~w to identifying J?Oss_ible courses of action for the attainment of the ob1ect1ves pursued by developing countries in those negotiations; 9. Recommends that the United Nations Develop- ment Programme should favourably consider requests for technical assistance to be given to developing coun- tries, including for regional and interregional projects, in order to provide them with the full benefit of the results of the multilateral trade negotiations and recom- mends that negotiations should continue to be conducted effectively in the future, upon the request of those countries. 34/200. 109th plenary meeting 19 December 1979 Development aspects of the reverse transfer of technology The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974, containing the Declaration and the Pro- gramme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12 De- cember 1974, containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, and 3362 (S-VIO of 16 September 1975 on development and international economic co-operation, Recalling further its resolutions 32/192 of 19 De- cember 1977 and 33/151 of 20 December 1978, entitled "Reverse transfer of technology", Taking note of the views and recommendations of the Sixth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Havana from 3 to 9 September 1979, relating to economic problems, 172 Taking note further of the report of the United Na- tions Conference on Trade and Development on its fifth session,173 the Vienna Programme of Action on Science and Technology for Development174 and the report of the Trade and Development Board on its nineteenth session, 176 Considering that the outflow of skilled manpower from developing countries may have negative effects on the possibilities for the social and economic develop- ment of those countries and that it constitutes a reverse transfer of technology, Reiterating the urgent need to reduce, as part of the efforts of the international community towards the establishment of the new international economic order, the reverse transfer of technology and to obviate its ad- 172 See A/34/542, annex, sect. IV. 173 Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Fifth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations pubbcation, Sales No. E.79.II.D.14). 174 See Report of the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development, Vienna, 20-31 August 1979 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.l.2I and corri- genda), chap. VII. 115 Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 15 (A/34/15 and Corr.I), vol. D.

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