A/RES/37/118 GA

88 General Assembly-Thirty-seventh Session Recalling its resolutions 1236 (XII) of 14 December 1957, 1301 (XIII) of 10 December 1958, 2129 (XX) of 21 De- cember 1965, 34/99 of 14 December 1979 and 36/10 I of 9 December 1981, Bearing in mind that, owing to geographic proximity, there are particularly favourable opportunities for co-oper- ation and mutual advantage between neighbouring countries in many fields and various forms and that the development of such co-operation may have a positive influence on in- ternational relations as a whole, Considering that the great changes of a political, eco- nomic and social nature, as well as the scientific and tech- nological progress which have taken place in the world and led to unprecedented interdependence of nations, have given new dimensions to good-neighbourliness in the conduct of States and increased the need to develop and strengthen it, Recalling its opinion that it is necessary to continue to examine the question of good-neighbourliness in order to strengthen and develop its content, as well as ways and modalities to enhance its effectiveness, and that the results of this examination could be included, at an appropriate time, in a suitable international document, 1. Reaffirms that good-neighbourliness fully conforms with the purposes of the United Nations and is founded upon the strict observance of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co- operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 136 as well as upon the rejection of any acts seeking to establish zones of influence or domination; 2. Calls once again upon all States, in the interest of the maintenance of international peace and security, to de- velop good-neighbourly relations, acting on the basis of these principles; 3. Reaffirms that the generalization of the long practice of good-neighbourliness and of principles and rules per- taining to it is likely to strengthen friendly relations and co- operation among States in accordance with the Charter; 4_. Deems it appropriate, taking into account the report of the Secretary-General concerning good-neighbourliness 137 together with other ideas and proposals which may be sub- mitted subsequently by Member States, to clarify the ele- ments of good-neighbourliness as part of a process of elaborating, at an appropriate time, a suitable international document on the subject; 5. Invites once again the Governments and the inter- national organizations that have not communicated to the Secretary-General their views and suggestions on good- neighbourliness, in accordance with General Assembly res- olutions 34/99 and 36/101, to do so as soon as possible, and the Governments ttiat have already communicated such views and suggestions to supplement them if they deem it necessary; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-eighth session the item entitled ''Development and strengthening of good-neighbourliness between States''. /08th plenary meeting 16 December I 982 37/118. Review of the implementation of the Declara- tion on the Strengthening of International Security The General Assembly, Having considered the item entitled "Review of the im- plementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security", 1.16 Resolution 2625 (XXV). annex. rn A/37/476. Noting with concern that the provisions of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security 138 have not been fully implemented, Profoundly disturbed by the continued escalation of ten- sion in the world, the ever more frequent recourse to the threat or use of force, intervention, interference, aggression and foreign occupation, the continued stalemate in the so- lution of crises in different regions and their aggravation, the continuous escalation of the arms race and military build- up by major Powers, the pursuance of the policy of rivalry, confrontation and continued attempts to divide the world into spheres of influence and domination, the persistence of colonialism, racism and apartheid, attempts to distort the nature of national liberation struggles and the lack of so- lution of the economic problems of developing countries, all of which endanger international peace and security, Deeply concerned that the exacerbation of international tension has reached a point of deep crisis owing to the lack of progress in the settlement of international problems and conflicts and to the lack of progress in disarmament, Alarmed by the intensification, the expansion in scope and the frequency of manoeuvres and other military activ- ities, which are assuming dangerous proportions, which are conceived within the context of big-Power confrontation and which are used as an instrument of pressure against and as a threat to the independence of States and the liberation of peoples struggling against alien and colonial domination, leading to a destabilization of international relations, Noting with concern that the United Nations system of collective security has not been used effectively, Aware that international peace and security can be main- tained and strengthened only on the basis of freedom, in- dependence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and equality of States, as well as of the self-determination of peoples under colonial and foreign domination, respect for funda- mental human rights and the development of friendly re- lations among States, Stressing the need for the main organs of the United Nations responsible for the maintenance of peace and se- curity, particularly the Security Council, to contribute more effectively to the promotion of international peace and se- curity by seeking solutions to the unresolved problems and crises in the world, Emphasizing that the Movement of Non-Aligned Coun- tries has contributed significantly to the struggle for national liberation and to the efforts of the United Nations for the promotion of international peace and security, the democ- ratization of international relations, the development of in- ternational co-operation and the establishment of a system of international relations based on justice, sovereign equality and security for all States and peoples, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the principles and policy of non-alignment, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General, 139 which incorporates the views of Member States on the ques- tion of the strengthening of security and co-operation in the region of the Mediterranean, and recalling the provisions of the chapter on the Mediterranean in the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, signed at Helsinki on I August 1975, the recommendations of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, as well as official declarations on and contributions to peace and security in that region made by individual countries, I. Reaffirms once more the universal and unconditional validity of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the "" Resolution 27:\4 (XXV). ""A/37/355 and Add. l-5. Ill. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the First Committee 89 United Nations as the firm basis of relations among all States, irrespective of size, geographic location, level of development or political, economic, social or ideological systems; 2. Urges all States to abide strictly, in their international relations, by their commitment to the Charter and, to that end: (a) To refrain from the use or threat of use of force, intervention, interference, aggression, foreign occupation and colonial domination or measures of political and eco- nomic coercion which violate the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence and security of other States or their right freely to dispose of their natural resources; (b) To refrain from supporting or encouraging any such act for any reason whatsoever; (c) To reject and refuse recognition of situations brought about by any such act; 3. Calls upon all States to contribute effectively to the implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security; 4. Also calls upon all States, in particular nuclear-weapon States and other militarily significant States, to take im- mediate steps aimed at promoting the system of collective security as envisaged in the Charter together with measures for the effective halting of the arms race and for the achieve- ment of general and complete disarmament under effectivf international control; 5. Invites all States, in particular the major military Powers and States members of military alliances, to refrain, especially in critical situations and in crisis areas, from actions, including military activities and manoeuvres, which constitute pressure on and a threat to other States and regions; 6. Urges all States, in particular the permanent mem- bers of the Security Council, to take all necessary measures to prevent the further deterioration of the international sit- uation and, to this end: (a) To seek the peaceful settlement of disputes and the elimination of focal points of crisis and tension; (b) To start serious, meaningful and effective negotia- tions with a view to implementing the recommendations and decisions contained in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 140 the first special session devoted to disarmament, and to fulfilling the priority tasks listed in its Programme of Action and set forth in section III of the Final Document, which were solemnly reaffirmed in the Concluding Document of the Twelfth Spe- cial Session of the General Assembly, 141 the second special session devoted to disarmament; (c) To contribute to the urgent solution of international economic problems and the establishment of the new in- ternational economic order; (d) To accelerate the economic development of devel- oping countries, particularly the least developed ones; (e) To proceed without any delay to a global consid- eration of ways and means for a revival of the world econ- omy and for the restructuring of international economic relations within the framework of the global negotiations; 7. Takes note of the fact that the Security Council has again failed to report to the General Assembly on steps taken to implement the provisions of paragraphs 13 and 15 of Assembly resolution 35/ 158 of 12 December 1980 and urges the Council to do so without delay; 8. Requests once again the Security Council to consider ways and means to ensure the implementation of the relevant 140 Resolution S-10/2. 141 Official Records of the General A.uembly. Twelfth Special Session. Annexes, agenda items 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13. document A/S-12132. provisions of paragraphs 4 and 6 above as well as to examine all existing mechanisms and to propose new ones aimed at enhancing the authority and enforcement capacity of the Council in accordance with the Charter, and to explore also the possibility of holding periodic meetings of the Council, in conformity with Article 28 of the Charter, at the min- isterial or higher level in specific cases, so as to enable it to play a more active role in preventing potential conflicts, and to present the Council's conclusions to the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth session; 9. Reiterates the need for the Security Council, in par- ticular its permanent members, to ensure the effective im- plementation of its decisions in compliance with the relevant provisions of the Charter; 10. Considers that respect for and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms in their civil, political, economic, social and cultural aspects, on the one hand, and the strengthening of international peace and security, on the other, mutually reinforce each other; 11. Reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples under colonial domination, foreign occupation or racist re- gimes and their inalienable right to self-determination and independence, and urges Member States to increase their support for and solidarity with them and their national lib- eration movements and to take urgent and effective measures for the speedy completion of the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and for the final elimination of co- lonialism, racism and apartheid; 12. Calls upon the Security Council to take appropriate effective measures to promote the fulfilment of the objective of the denuclearization of Africa in order to avert the serious danger which the nuclear capability of South Africa con- stitutes to the African States, in particular the front-line States, as well as to international peace and security; 13. Reiterates its support for the Declaration of the In- dian Ocean as a Zone of Peace 142 and expresses the hope that the Conference on the Indian Ocean, which is an im- portant stage in the realization of the objectives of that Declaration, will be held not later than in the first half of 1984 and, to this end, calls upon all States to contribute effectively to the success of that Conference; 14. Calls upon all States participating in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, at Madrid, to take all possible measures and exert every effort in order to ensure substantial and balanced results of that meeting in the implementation of the principles and goals established by the Final Act of the Conference signed at Helsinki on I August 1975, as well as the continuity of the multilateral process initiated by the Conference, which has great sig- nificance for the strengthening of peace and security in Eu- rope and in the world; 15. Considers that the security of the Mediterranean and the security of the adjacent regions are interdependent and that further efforts are necessary for the creation of condi- tions of security and fruitful co-operation in all fields for all countries and peoples of the Mediterranean, on the basis of the principles of sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity, security, non-intervention and non-interference, non-violation of international frontiers, non-use of force, the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, peaceful settlement of disputes and just and viable solu- tions of the existing problems and crises in the area on the basis of the provisions of the Charter and of relevant resolu- tions of the United Nations, the withdrawal of foreign forces of occupation, respect for sovereignty over natural resources and the right of peoples under colonial or foreign domination to self-determination and independence; 142 Resolution 2832 (XXVI) 90 General Assembly-Thirty-seventh Session 16. Calls upon all Governments that have not done so to submit before the thirty-eighth session of the General Assembly their views on the question of the strengthening of security and co-operation in the region of the Mediter- ranean and requests the Secretary-General to submit, on the basis of all replies received, an analytical report on this question to the Assembly at its thirty-eighth session; 17. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-eighth session an item entitled "Strengthening of se- curity and co-operation in the Mediterranean region"; 18. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-eighth session the item entitled "Review of the im- plementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security'' . 108th plenary meeting 16 December 1982 37/119. Implementation of the collective security pro- visions of the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security The General Assembly, Reaffirming that the primary function of the United Na- tions is the maintenance of international peace and security, Reaffirming also the fundamental principle of the Charter of the United Nations that all States have the duty not to threaten or use force against the sovereignty, political in- dependence or territorial integrity of other States, Noting the primary responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security, Stressing that the purposes and principles of the United Nations can be achieved only under conditions in which States enjoy sovereign equality and comply fully with the requirements of these purposes and principles in their in- ternational relations, Gravely concerned over the growing tendency by States to resort to the use of force in international relations, thus ignoring the Charter and the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co- operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 143 143 Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex. Further concerned that the Security Council has not been able to take decisive action for the maintenance of inter- national peace and for resolving international problems, Recognizing that fundamental approaches to genuine se- curity include, inter alia, the strengthening of the Charter system of collective security, the establishment of the new international economic order and the promotion of general and complete disarmament under effective international control, in conformity with the principles and priorities agreed upon in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 140 the first special session devoted to disarmament, and reaffirmed in the Concluding Docu- ment of the Twelfth Special Session, 141 the second special session devoted to disarmament, Conscious of the important role that collective security measures can play in enhancing the role of the Security Council in carrying out its responsibility to promote and maintain international peace and security in accordance with the Charter, Regretting that the provisions of the Charter concerning collective security measures have not been fully implemented, Taking into account, in this connection, the report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization, 144 Having considered the item entitled "Implementation of the collective security provisions of the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security" , Convinced that a study on collective security is timely and necessary, 1. Requests the Security Council as a matter of high priority to study the question of implementation of the col- lective security provisions of the Charter of the United Na- tions, with a view to strengthening international peace and security, and to report to the General Assembly at its thirty- eighth i;ession; 2. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-eighth session the item entitled "Implementation of the collective security provisions of the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security" . 108th plenary meeting 16 December 1982 144 Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-seventh Session, Supplement No. I (A/37/1).

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