A/RES/37/81 GA

u-c;11en11 A!iSemmy-1 mrty-seventh Session Working Group to Consider, and Negotiate on, Effec­ tive International Arrangements to Assure Non-Nuclear­ Weapon States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons,52 as well as the report of the Committee on Disarmament, 53 Wishing to promote an early and successful completion of the negotiations on the elaboration of a convention on the strengthening of the security of non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Noting that the idea of interim arrangements as a first step towards the conclusion of such a convention has also been considered in the Committee on Disarmament, partic­ ularly in the form of a Security Council resolution on this subject, and reaffirming the call made in that respect by the General Assembly in paragraph 6 of its resolution 35/ l 54 and in paragraph 5 of its resolution 36/94, Taking note of the recommendation contained in the special report of the Committee on Disarmament that ways and means should be explored by the Committee to over­ come the difficulties encountered in the negotiations of the above-mentioned Working Group with a view to reaching agreement on effective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, 54 Convinced that abandoning policies of first use of nuclear weapons would, inter alia, constitute a substantive contri­ bution to the efforts to achieve progress towards effective strengthening of the security guarantees for non-nuclear­ weapon States, Welcoming the solemn declarations concerning the non­ first-use of nuclear weapons, in particular the obligation of nuclear-weapon States not to be the first to use nuclear weapons, assumed at the highest political level or confirmed at the twelfth special session of the General Assembly, Convinced further that, if all nuclear-weapon States were to assume obligations not to be the first to use nuclear weapons, that would be tantamount, in practice, to banning the use of nuclear weapons against all States, including all non-nuclear-weapon States, Bearing in mind that, in the search for a solution of the problem of security assurances, priority should be given to the legitimate security concerns of the non-nuclear-weapon States, which, by virtue of their forgoing the nuclear option and of not allowing nuclear weapons to be stationed on their territories, have every right to expect to be most effectively guaranteed against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, 1. Welcomes once again the conclusion of the Com­ mittee on Disarmament that there is continuing recognition of the urgent need to reach agreement on effective inter­ national arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons; 2. Notes with satisfaction that in the Committee on Dis­ armament there is once again no objection, in principle, to the idea of an international convention on this subject; 3. Requests the Committee on Disarmament to continue the negotiations on the question of the strengthening of the security guarantees for non-nuclear-weapon States during its session in 1983; 4. Calls once again upon all States participating in these negotiations to make efforts to elaborate and conclude an international instrument of a legally binding character, such as an international convention, on this matter; ffJ1ikl.. para. 63. 53 Ibid., Thirty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 27 ( A/.H/27 and Corr. I) :w Ibid., Twelfth Special Session, Supplement No. 2 (A/S-12/2). para. 63, part IV. 5. Calls once again upon all nuclear-weapon States to make solemn declarations, identical in substance, concern­ ing the non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear­ weapon States having no such weapons on their territories, as a first step towards the conclusion of an international convention, and recommends that the Security Council should examine such declarations and, if they all meet the above­ mentioned objective, should adopt an appropriate resolution approving them; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-eighth session the item entitled ''Conclusion of an international convention on the strengthening of the security of non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons". 98th plenary meeting 9 December 1982 37/81. Conclusion of effective international arrange­ ments to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons The General Assembly. Bearing in mind the need to allay the legitimate concern of the States of the world with regard to ensuring lasting security for their peoples, Convinced that nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to mankind and to the survival of civilization, Deeply concerned at the continuing escalation of the arms race, in particular the nuclear-arms race, Convinced that nuclear disarmament and the complete elimination of nuclear weapons are essential to remove the danger of nuclear war, Taking into account the principle of the non-use of force or threat of force enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, Deeply concerned about the possibility of the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Recognizing that the independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of non-nuclear-weapon States need to be safeguarded against the use or threat of use of force, including the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Considering that, until nuclear disarmament is achieved on a universal basis, it is imperative for the international community to develop effective measures to ensure the se­ curity of non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons from any quarter, Recognizing that effective measures to assure the non­ nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons can constitute a positive contribution to the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons, Recalling its resolution 3261 G (XXIX) of 9 December 1974, Recalling also its resolution 31 /189 C of 21 December 1976, Bearing in mind paragraph 59 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, so in which it urged the nuclear-weapon States to pursue efforts to conclude, as appropriate, effective arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Desirous of promoting the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session, III. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the First Committee 67 Recalling its resolutions 33/72 of 14 December 1978, 34/85 of 11 December 1979, 35/155 of 12 December 1980 and 36/95 of 9 December 1981, Further recalling paragraph 12 of the Declaration of the 1980s as the Second Disarmament Decade, contained in the annex to its resolution 35/46 of 3 December 1980, which states, inter alia, that all efforts should be exerted, therefore, by the Committee on Disarmament urgently to negotiate with a view to reaching agreement, and to submit agreed texts, where possible, before the second special session devoted to disarmament, on effective international arrange­ ments to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Welcoming the in-depth negotiations undertaken in the Committee on Disarmament and its Ad Hoe Working Group to Consider, and Negotiate on, Effective International Ar­ rangements to Assure Non-Nuclear-Weapon States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons, with a view to reaching agreement on this item,55 Noting the proposals submitted under that item in the Committee on Disarmament, including the drafts of an in­ ternational convention, Taking note of the decision of the Sixth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Havana from 3 to 9 September 1979, 56 as well as the relevant recommendations of the Islamic Conference, reiterated recently at the Thirteenth Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, held at Niamey from 22 to 26 August 1982,57 calling upon the Committee on Disarmament to elaborate and reach an agreement on an international basis to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Further noting the support expressed in the Committee on Disarmament and in the General Assembly for the elab­ oration of an international convention to assure non-nuclear­ weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, as well as the difficulties pointed out in evolving a common approach acceptable to all, 1. Reaffirms the urgent need to reach agreement on ef­ fective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear­ weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons; 2. Notes with satisfaction that in the Committee on Dis­ armament there is no objection, in principle, to the idea of an international convention to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, although the difficulties as regards evolving a common ap­ proach acceptable to all have also been pointed out; 3. Appeals to all States, especially the nuclear-weapon States, to demonstrate the political will necessary to reach agreement on a common approach and, in particular, on a common formula which could be included in an international instrument of a legally binding character; 4. Recommends that further intensive efforts should be devoted to the search for such a common approach or com­ mon formula and that the various alternative approaches, including in particular those considered in the Committee on Disarmament, should be further explored in order to overcome the difficulties; 5. Recommends that the Committee on Disarmament should actively continue negotiations with a view to reach­ ing early agreement and concluding effective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against 55 Ibid., para. 63. 56 See A/34/542, annex, sect. I, para. 219. 57 See A/371567-S/15466. the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, taking into account the widespread support for the conclusion of an international convention and giving consideration to any other proposals designed to secure the same objective; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-eighth session the item entitled "Conclusion of ef­ fective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear­ weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons". 98th plenary meeting 9 December 1982 37/82. Israeli nuclear armament The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 35/157 of 12 Ïcember 1980 and 36/98 of 9 December 1981 on Israeli nuclear armament, Recalling also its relevant resolutions on the establish­ ment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East, Recalling further its resolution 33/71 A of 14 December 1978 on military and nuclear collaboration with Israel, Recalling its repeated condemnation of the nuclear col­ laboration between Israel and South Africa, Recalling Security Council resolution 487 ( 1981) of 19 June 1981 and taking note of the first special report of the Special Committee against Apartheid on recent develop­ ments concerning relations between Israel and South Africa, 5 Noting with grave concern Israel's persistent refusal to adhere to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 59 despite repeated calls by the General Assembly, the Security Council and the International Atomic Energy Agency, and to place its nuclear facilities under Agency safeguards, Conscious of the grave consequences which endanger international peace and security as a result of Israel's nuclear-weapon capability and its collaboration with South Africa to develop nuclear weapons and their delivery systems, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on Israeli nuclear armament, 60 1. Reaffirms its demand that Israel renounce, without delay, any possession of nuclear weapons and place all its nuclear activities under international safeguards; 2. Calls again upon all States and other parties and institutions to terminate forthwith all nuclear collaboration with Israel; 3. Requests again the Security Council to investigate Israel's nuclear activities and the collaboration of other States, parties and institutions in these activities; 4. Calls upon all States to submit to the Secretary-Gen­ eral all information in their possession concerning the Israeli nuclear programme or any public or private assistance thereto; 5. Requests the Security Council to consider taking effective action so as to prevent Israel from endangering international peace and security by pursuing its policy of aggression, expansion and annexation of territories; 6. Condemns Israel's officially declared intention to re­ peat its armed attack against nuclear facilities; '" Official Records of the General Assembly, Thiny-seventh Session. Supplement No. 22A (A/37/22/Add. I and 2), document A/37/22/Add. I. '" Resolution 2373 (XXII). annex. "" A/37/434.

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