A/RES/39/210 GA

160 General Assembly--Thirty-ninth Session for the Third United Nations Development Decade, in the Substantial New Programme of Action for the 1980s for the Least Developed Countries 142 and in other relevant resolutions of the United Nations: 3. Urges all concerned countries as well as interna- tional organizations to provide land-locked developing countries with the appropriate financial and technical assistance in the form of grants or concessional loans for the construction and improvement of their transpor1 and transit infrastructures and facilities: 4. Urges also the international community and multi- lateral and bilateral financial institutions to intensify efforts in raising the net flow of resources to all land-locked developing countries to help offset the adverse effects of their disadvantageous geographical situation on their eco- nomic development efforts, in keeping with the overall development needs of each land-locked developing coun- try; 5. Invites transit countries and the land-locked devel- oping countries to co-operate effectively in harmonizing transport planning and promoting other joint ventures in the field of transpor1 at the regional, subregional and bilat- eral levels; 6. Further invites the international community to give financial, technical and other support to interested transit and land-locked developing countries in the construction of alternative routes to the sea: 7. Commends the United Nations Development Pro- gramme, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other United Nations agencies for their work and the assistance they have provided to the land- locked developing countries and invites them to continue to take appropriate and effective measures to respond to the specific needs of those countries; 8. Recommends continued and intensified activities relating to the conducting of necessary studies and the implementation of special actions and specific measures for the land-locked developing countries, including those in the area of economic co-operation among developing countries, as well as those that have been envisaged in the programme of work of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the regional commissions and other programmes and activities at the regional and sub- regional levels: 9. Takes note of the report of the Ad Hoe Group of Experts to Study Ways and Means of Improving Transit- transport Infrastructures and Services for Land-Locked Developing Countries; 141 I 0. Requests Member States to transmit to the Secre- tary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development their views and comments on the repor1 of the Ad Hoe Group of Experts; 11. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to submit to the General Assembly at its fortieth session a report on the geographical disadvantages of land-locked developing countries and their consequences for the development of those countries. 104th plenary meeting 18 December 1984 142 Report cf the l 1nlled Nat1otVi ( ,infcrctu·c on the Least /)evelop('d Cuuntnes. Pans. 1-14 Scptcmlw N8/ (llmtcd Nauons publicalion. Sales No. E.82.1.8). part one, sect. A. 14 .1 Offinal Record\ 1f the Trade 1uul ne1·d(l/Jrncnt IJ/!ard. J\rcnt1 ninth .\'nswn .. ·lnnern, agenda item 6. docum•.:nt TD ·n 1 OIJ.) 39/210. Economic measures as a means of politkal and economic coercion against developing countries The General Assembly, Reca//ing the relevant principles set forth in the ( 'harter of the United Nations, Recalling also its resolutions 2625 (XX V) of 24 lktober 1 970, containing the Declaration on Principles of Interna- tional Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-opera- tion among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 3201 (S-YI) and 3202 (S-Vl) of l May 1974, containing the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International f-rn- nomic Order, and 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974. containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Dutil·~ ot States. Reaffirming article 32 of the Charter of Econom1.- R 1ghts and Duties of States, which declares that no State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its ~ovcreign rights, Bearing in mind the general principles governmg inter- national trade and trade policies for development con- tained in its resolution 1995 (XIX) of 30 December 1 %4. resolution I 52 (YI) of 2 July 1983 of the United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentLl9 entitled "ReJec- tion of coercive economic measures". and the principles and rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and paragraph 7 (iii) of the Ministerial Declaration adopt- ed on 29 November 1982 by the Contracting Parties or the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade at the11 thirty- eighth session, 144 Reqftirmingitsresolution 38/197 of20 December 1983. Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the adoption and effects of economic measures taken by developed countries as a means of political and economic coercion against developing countries, 14' (iravelv concerned that the use of coercive mea~ures adversely affects the economies and development efforts of developing countries and that, in some cases, those meas- ures have worsened, creating a negative impact on mterna- tional economic co-operation, l. Deplores the fact that some developed countne~ continue to apply and, in some cases, have increased thl' scope of economic measures that have the purpose of exerting coercion on the sovereign decisions of de"eloping countries subject to those measures; 2. Reaffirms that developed countries should refrain from threatening or applying trade restrictions, blockades. embargoes and other economic sanctions. mcompatihll' with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and in violation of undertakings contracted multtlaterally or bilaterally, against developing countries as a form of political and economic coercion which affects their econo- mic, political and social development: 3. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare a com- prehensive report on the economic measures mentioned in paragraph 2 above, taken by developed countries for coer- cive purposes, including their impact on international eco- nomic relations, with a view to assisting in concrete mter- 144 See General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Ba.He hnr,1111,c·w, ,u1d \elected Docwnents, .\~u,,,,/ement l'•/o. ~..,() (Saks No (iATT I il~ 1 I) docu ITH'Tlt L/5424. 14'A,:\941:i R,,,olutions adopted on the reports of the Second Committee 161 national actions against those n1casure,. ,,ind tu submit that report to the General ,\,scm hi\ ;;t ih lurticth session: 4. Also req1wsh the Set1l'tar) { icn\-ra: ;q preparing the comprehensive repor1. to rcquL'~t further ,,omments from Governments and to usr inputs from competent organiza- tions of the United Nation\ ,vstcm partirnlarly thr lJnited Nations Confrrern-c on Trad,· and Drvelopment and the regional comm1ss1ons: 5. Appeals to Govcrnrnents tu prnv 1de the necessary mformation to the Secn·tar, ( icne111. a,, requested in paragraph 4 above. 104 h plnwr\' meeting 18 /)('('('n//i('I I 984 39/211. Development aspe(·t-. of the reverw transfer of technolo~y The ( ,'eneral _,b.1c111i,/r Recalling its resolutiom 3 :w I (\-VI I and 3.:02 (S-VI) of May 1974, containing the De, la1 at10n and the Pro- gramme of Action on the Fstahlishnwnt of a Nc"' Interna- tional Economic Order .. 1281 '.XXIX) <JI 12 December 1974, containing the Charle, or Eronum1c Rights and Duties of States., 3362 (S-V II) ,Ji' 16 Seplt"mber 1975 on drvelopment and mternat1onal economic co-operation. :15156 of 5 December 1980. the annex to which contains the International Development Strategy for the Third United Nations Development Decade. and all relevant resolutions concerning the rcv,T,c transfer of technology. Convinced that the search for durable solutions to the problem of the reverse transfer , ,f technology requires the full participation of all parties cunccrned. I. Takes note of the report or the Inter-Agency Group on Reverse Transfer of Technology.' 1'' covering mertings held at Geneva on 22 March and I 2 and 13 July 1984: 2. Takes note also of the ouhomc of the Second Meet- mg of Governmental Experts on the Reverse Transfer of Technology, 147 held at Genna Imm 27 <\ugust to 5 Sep- tember 1984: J. Requests the Secretary-(icncral uf the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to con- vene the requisite meetings ofgovcrnmental experts on the reverse transfer of technology. as pw\ idcd for in General Assembly resolution :rn, 154: 4. Invites the Secretary-General to undertake mtensivc consultations with all Go\ crnmcnts with a view to obtain- ing their full participation in the meetings of governmental experts on the reverse transfer of technology: :,_ Requests the Trade and Development Board to mclude. in its report to 1111' Cicneral ,\sscmbl; at its forti- eth session. a section on the outronw of the Third Meeting of Governmental Experh on :he Rnnsc Transfer of Technologv: 6. Requests the Secretary-General to con vt·1w further meetings of the Inter-Agency ( ,roup on Revrrsc Transfer of Technology and to report on the results of those meet- ings to the General Assembly at ib fortieth session. 146 A,, 39 1 197, annex 14 7 Sec 01/Jual R.et·1ird\ , 1';,'1 1 .,·,u \'U[l[llnnn;( \·o / 'i" (:\ Jt, 1 i' /1/4/h plenan mc"1111g i8 {)('(('/;/}){',' /984 r'\i ,ir/,; ·1: ---- 39/212. Specific measures in favour of island devel- oping countries The < ,'cncral Assemhl_1•, Rccallmg the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, contained in its resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of I May 1974. the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, contained in its resolution 3281 (XXl X) of 12 December 1974, its resolution 3362 (S-VII) of 16 Srptember 1975 on development and international econo- mic co-operation and the International Development Strategy for the Third United Nations Development Dec- ade, contained in the annex to its resolution 35/56 of 'i Drcember 1980, Recalling also its resolutions 31/ 156 of 21 Decemhn 1976. 32 185 of 19 December 1977, 34/205 of 19 Decem- ber 1979. 35/61 of 5 December 1980 and 37/206 of 20 December 1982, relating to the special needs and prob- lems of island developing countries, Rcllerating the call for specific action in favour of island developmg countries contained in resolutions 98 (IV) of -1 I May 1976,1'7 III (V)onJune 1979 138 and 138(Vl)of2 Julv 1983 139 of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Recognizing the difficult problems faced by island devel- oping countries, in particular those which suffer handicaps dur especially to their smallness, remoteness, vulnerability to natural disasters, constraints in transport, great dis- tances from market centres, a highly limited internal mar- ket, lack of natural resources, heavy dependence on a few commodities, shortage of administrative personnel and heavy financial burdens, A!indji;l of the fact that timely additional efforts arc needed to implement the specific measures required to assist island developing countries in offsetting thr major handicaps which retard their development process. I. Reaffirms its resolution 37 /206 and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations and of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, and calls for their immediate and effective implementation: 2 Fakes note of the note by the Secretary-General on measures taken by the international community and rrc- ommcndations for future action in favour of island devel- oping countries: 148 3. t:xpresses its appreciation to all States and organi,a- tions which have facilitated the implementation of resolu- lions in favour of island developing countries: 4. Notes with concern that the specific measures envis- aged in the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Develop- ment, including Conference resolution 138 (VI). have not vet been fully implemented and calls upon States and international organizations to respond positively in 1h1s regard: 5. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. in c11- operation with Governments and regional and other com- petent institutions, to continue the programme of in-depth studies of the common problems of island economies and of the constraints inhibiting their economic growth and development carried out by the secretariat of the l lnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development, with a view to proposing concrete specific actions. taking into account inter alia. the geographical factors. traditional

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