A/RES/41/159 GA

VI. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Third Committee 207 suspected opponents without any respect for the interna- tional human rights obligations which they have assumed; 3. Expresses its grave concern at the methods of war- fare used, which are contrary to international humanitarian standards and the relevant instruments to which the States concerned are parties; 4. A/so expresses its grave concern, in particular, at the severe consequences for the civilian population of indis- criminate bombardments and military operations primarily targeted on villages and the agricultura) struc- ture; 5. Shares the conviction of the Special Rapporteur that the prolongation of the conflict increases the seriousness of the gross and systematic violations of human rights al- ready existing in the country; 6. Expresses once again its profound distress and alarm, in particular, at the widespread violations of the right to life, liberty and security of person, including the commonplace practice of torture and summary executions of the opponents of the régime, as well as at continuing evidence of a policy of religious intolerance; 7. Expresses its deep concern about the number of per- sons detained for seeking to exercise their human rights and fundamental freedoms, and their detention under con- ditions contrary to internationally recognized standards; 8. Notes with great concern that the educational system does not appear to respect the liberty of parents to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in con- formity with their own convictions; 9. Notes a/so with great concern that such widespread violations of human rights, that have already caused mil- Iions of people to flee their homes and country, are still giving rise to large flows of refugees and displaced persons; 10. Ca/Is once again upan the parties to the conflict to apply fully the principies and rules of international humanitarian law and to admit international humanitarian organizations, in particular the Interna- tional Committee of the Red Cross, and to facilitate their operations for the alleviation of the suffering of the people in Afghanistan; 11. Urges the authorities in Afghanistan to co-operate with the Commission on Human Rights and its Special Rapporteur, in particular by allowing him to visit Afghan- istan; 12. Requests the Secretary-General to give ali neces- sary assistance to the Special Rapporteur; 13. Decides to keep under consideration, during its forty-second session, the question of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Afghanistan in order to examine this question anew in the light of additional elements pro- vided by the Commission on Human Rights and the Eco- nomic and Social Council. • 97th plenary meeting 4 December 1986 41/159. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Repub- lic of lran The General Assembly, Guided by the principies embodied in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights2 and the International Covenants on Human Rights,24 Reaffirming that ali Member States have an obligation to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and to fulfil the obligations they have under- taken under the various international instruments in this field, Recalling Commission on Human Rights resolutions 1982/27 of 11 March 198227 and 1983/34 of 8 March 1983,28 Bearing in mind Commission on Human Rights resolu- tion 1984/54 of 14 March 1984,29 in which the Commis- sion expressed deep concern at the continuing serious vio- lations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the Islamic Republic of lran and requested its Chairman to appoint a special representative to make a thorough study of the situation of human rights in that country, Recalling Commission on Human Rights resolution 1985/39 of 13 March 1985,30 Taking note, in particular, of Commission on Human Rights resolution 1986/41 of 12 March 1986,31 by which the Commission decided to extend the mandate of its Spe- cial Representative for one year and requested him to present an interim report to the General Assembly at its forty-first session on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the situation of minority groups such as the Baha'is, and a final report to the Commission at its forty-third session, Mindful of resolution 1985/17 of 29 August 1985 of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection ofMinorities, 158 in which the Sub-Commission expressed its alarm at the continuing reports of gross vio- lations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Regretting that the Government of the lslamic Republic of Iran has still not extended its full co-operation to the Commission on Human Rights and its Special Represen- tative, in particular by not allowing the Special Represen- tative to visit the country, Taking into account the transmission by the Special Representative to the Government ofthe Islamic Republic of Iran of a list of alleged violations of the right to Iife and certain other rights, such as those affecting the medica} profession, which allegedly occurred during the period October 1985 to September 1986, 1. Takes note of the interim report of the Special Rep- resentative of the Commission on Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the lslamic Republic of Iran and of the general observations contained therein; 160 2. Expresses its deep concern about the specific and de- tailed allegations of violations of human rights in the Is- lamic Republic of Iran and, in particular, those related to the right to life, such as summary and arbitrary execu- tions, the right to freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the right to liberty and security of person and to freedom from arbitrary ar- rest or detention, the right to a fair trial, the right to free- dom ofthought, conscience and religion and to freedom of expression and the right of religious minorities to profess and practise their own religion; 3. Urges the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a State party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,22 to respect and to ensure to ali individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdic- tion the rights recognized in that Covenant; 4. Requests the Commission on Human Rights to study carefully the final report of the Special Representa- tive, as well as other information pertaining to the situa- 160 A/41/787. arrnex. 208 General Assembly-Forty-first Session tion of human rights in the lslamic Republic of lran, and to consider further steps for securing etfective respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all in that country; 5. Urges the Govemment of the lslamic Republic of lran to extend its full co-operation to the Special Repre- sentative of the Commission on Human Rights, and, in particular, to permit him to visit that country; 6. Requests the Secretary-General to give ali necessary assistance to the Special Representative; 7. Decides to continue its examination of the situation ofhuman rights in the Islamic Republic oflran, including the situation of minority groups such as the Baha'is, dur- ing its forty-second session in order to examine this situa- tion anew in the light of additional elements provided by the Commission on Human Rights and the Economic and Social Council. 97th plenary meeting 4 December 1986 41/160. Measures to be taken against Nazi, Fascist and neo-Fascist activities and ali other forms of totalitarian ideologies and practices based on racial intolerance, hatred and terror The General Assembly, Recalling that the United Nations emerged from the struggle against nazism, fascism, aggression and foreign occupation, and that the peoples expressed their resolve in the Charter of the United Nations to save succeeding gen- erations from the scourge of war, A ware of the determination proclaimed by the peoples of the world in the Charter to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human per- son, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Deeply alarmed at the existence of groups and organiza- tions which still propagate totalitarian ideologies and practices, including Nazi, Fascist and neo-Fascist ones, which violate human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular the rights to self-determination, to life, liberty and security of person and to freedom from discrimina- tion, and which thereby constitute a threat to the purposes and principies laid down in the Charter, Expressing its concern that the proponents of Fascist, neo-Fascist and other totalitarian ideologies have, in a number of countries, intensified their activities and are in- creasingly co-ordinating them on an international scale, Deeply concerned that in the contemporary world there continue to exist racist, colonialist and other forms of totalitarian ideologies, régimes and practices which entail contempt for the individual or denial of the intrinsic dig- nity and equality of ali human beings and of equality of opportunity in civil, political, economic, social and cul- tural spheres, Reaffirming that ali totalitarian or other ideologies and practices, including Nazi, Fascist and neo-Fascist, based on racial, ethnic or other exclusiveness or intolerance, ha- tred, terror or systematic denial of human rights and fun- damental freedoms, or which have such consequences, are incompatible with the purposes and principies of the Charter, may jeopardize world peace and constitute obsta- eles to friendly relations between States and to the realiza- tion of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Mindful of the principies of international co-operation in the detection, arrest, extradition and punishment of persons guilty ofwar crimes and crimes against humanity, set forth in General Assembly resolution 3074 (XXVIII) of 3 December 1973, Reaffirmingthat the prosecution and punishment ofwar crimes and crimes against peace and humanity, as laid down in General Assembly resolutions 3 (1) of 13 Febru- ary 1946 and 95 (1) of 11 December 1946, constitute a uni- versal commitment for ali States, Recalling its resolutions 2331 (XXII) of 18 December 1967, 2438 (XXIII) of 19 December 1968, 2545 (XXIV) of 11 December 1969, 2713 (XXV) of 15 December 1970, 2839 (XXVI) of 18 December 1971, 34/24 of 15 Novem- ber 1979, 35/200 of 15 December 1980, 36/162 of 16 December 1981, 37/179 of 17 December 1982, 38/99 of 16 December 1983, 39/114 of 14 December 1984 and 40/148 of 13 December 1985, 1. Again condemns ali totalitarian or other ideologies and practices, including Nazi, Fascist and neo-Fascist ideologies, based on racial, ethnic or other exclusiveness or intolerance, hatred and terror, which deprive people of basic human rights and fundamental freedoms and of equality of opportunity, and expresses its determination to combat those ideologies and practices; 2. Urges ali States to draw attention to the threats to democratic institutions by the above-mentioned ideologies and practices and to consider taking measures, in accor- dance with their national constitutional systems and with the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights2 and the International Covenants on Human Rights,24 to prohibit or otherwise deter activities of groups or organizations or whoever is practising those ideologies; 3. Invites Member States to adopt, in accordance with their national constitutional systems and with the provi- ~ions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenants on Human Rights, as a mat- ter of high priority, measures declaring punishable by Jaw any dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred and of war propaganda, including Nazi, Fascist and neo-Fascist ideologies; 4. Calls upon ali States, in accordance with the basic principies of international law, to refrain from practices aimed at the violation of basic human rights; 5. Appea/s to States that have not yet done so to become parties to the lnternational Covenants on Human Rights, the Convention on the Prevention and Punish- ment of the Crime of Genocide, 161 the International Con- vention on the Elimination of Ali Forms of Racial Dis- crimination, 3 the Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity 162 and the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid;4 6. Invites ali States and international organizations to submit to the Secretary-General their comments and in- formation on the implementation of the present resolu- tion; 7. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report, through the Economic and Social Council, to the General Assembly at its forty-third session in the light of the dis- cussion that will take place in the Commission on Human 161 Resolution 260 A (111), annex. 162 Resolution 2391 (XXIII). annex.

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