A/RES/42/136 GA

\'l. Resolutions adopted on the reports of lhe Third Committee 227 ----- - --- ---- -- ----- - - ---- of people to flee their homes and country, continue to cause large flows of refugees ami displaced persons: 6. Expresses once again its deep concern that the Af- ghan authorities, with heavy support from foreign troops, are acting with great severity against t heir opponents and suspected opponents, in a manner contravening humanitarian law and without any respect for the interna- tional human rights ohligations that they have assumed; 7. Expresses its grave concern al t he intensification of the armed conflict, which is causing death and material destruction, Jeading to acts of hrutality and to maltreat- ment of prisoners ami which, in particular, has severe consequences for the civilian population, with rising num- bers of wounded and dead as well as the destruction of houses, mosques, livestock and crops; 8. A/so expresses its grave concern, in particular, at the severe consequences for the civilian population of indis- criminate bombardments and military operations primarily directed against villages and the agricultura! structure; 9. Continues to note with great concern that the educa- tional system <loes not appear to respcct the liberty of par- ents to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own traditions and con- victions; 10. Calls once again upon thc parties to the conflict, in order to alleviate the suffering of the people of Afghani- stan, to apply fully the principies and rules of international humanitarian law and to co-operate fully and effectively with international humanitarian organizations, in particu- lar to facilitate the protection activities of the Interna- tional Committee of the Red Cross; 11. Urges the authorities in Afghanistan to co-operate fully with the Commission on Human Rights and its Spe- cial Rapporteur, in particular by permitting the Special Rapporteur access to ali the places he wishes to visit; 12. Requests the Secretary-General to give ali neces- sary assistance to the Special Rapporteur; 13. Decides to keep under consideration, during its forty-third session, the question of human rights and fun- damental freedoms in Afghanistan in order to examine this question anew in the light of additional elements pro- vided by the Commission on Human Rights and the Eco- nomic and Social Council. 93rd plenary meeting 7 December 1987 42/136. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Repub- lic of Iran The General Assembly, Guided by the principies embodied in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights2 and the International Covenants on Human Rights, 13 Reaffirming that ali Member States have an obligation to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and to fulfil the obligations they have under- taken under the various international instruments in this field, Recalling its pertinent resolutions, as well as the resolu- tions of the Commission on Human Rights and the Sub- Commission on Prevcntion of Discrimination and Protec- tion of Minorities, Takmg note, in particular, of Commission on Human Rights rcsolution 1987/55 of 11 March 1987,26 in which the Commission decided to extend the mandate ofits Spe- cial Representative for one year and requested him to sub- mit an interim report to the General Assembly at its forty- second ,ession on the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the situation of minonty groups such as the Baha'is and on new elements contained in his report to the Commission at its forty- third session, 155 for example, the allegations of violations affecting the medica! profession, and to submit a final re- por1 to the Commission at its forty-fourth session, Taking note of the opinion of the Special Representative that legal obligations and commitments on human rights do nnt foresce or admit of partial acceptance of instru- ments that have been conceived, drafted and adopted as a unified, coherent and complete set of norms, Nottng the opinion of the Special Representa ti ve that the persons appearing before him described violations of which they were truly victims and that their declarations wcre ,.·onvincing, Taking note of the Special Representative's view that the partial co-operation he received in 1986 from the Govern- ment of the Islamic Republic of lran had improved, through both documents and personal contacts, and that, therefore, there are grounds to hope that it may improve further in the months preceding the presentation of the fi- nal report, Concerned, none the less, at the Special Representative's conclusion that the co-operation extended to him has not reached the leve] that thc General Assembly and the Com- mission on Human Rights have consistently requested in the rcsolutions concerning this matter, 1 Takes note with appreciation ofthe interim report of the Special Representative and the considerations and the observations contained therein; 156 2. Notes that the Special Representative observes that the problem concerning the medica] profession appears to have heen solved; 3. Welcomes the pardoning of prisoners and shares the Special Representative's hope that this may be the first stage of a process leading to a general amnesty for political pnsoners; 4. Again expresses its deep concern about the numerous and detailed allegations of grave human rights violations in the Islamic Republic of Iran to which the Special Rep- resentative has referred in his report and, in particular, those related to the right to life, the right to freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or pun- ishment, the right to liberty and security of person and to freedom from arbitrary arrest or detention, the right to a fair tria!, the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and to freedom of expression, and the right of reli- gious minorities to profess and practise their own religion; 5. Expresses its grave concern, in particular, that al- t hough the Special Representative indicates that the num- ber of alleged violations of the right to life has diminished over the past two years, according to information made available to him, sorne one hundred persons were alleged to have been executed in the period October 1986-September 1987 hecause of their political and reli- gious convictions; 6. Expresses its deep concern at allegations that mal- treatment and torture, both physical and psychological, 11, See E/CN.4; 1987 /23 !\o ,\142/648, annex. 228 (;eneral Assembly-h,rty-second Scssion are common practice rn lranian pnsons dunng interroga- tion and before and after the final verdict, and at the exist- ence of extremely summary and informal proceedings, unawareness on the part of the prisoners of specific accu- sations, lack of legal counsel and other irregularities with respect to fair trial; 7. Shcres the opinion ofthe Special Representative that the denial by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran of the allegations of violations of human rights as a whole, without details, is not sufficient for a sensible as- sessment ofthe situation on human rights in that country; 8. Endorses the conclusion of the Special Representa-- tive that acts continue to occur in the Islamic Republic of Iran that are inconsistent with the provisions of interna- tional instruments by which the Government ofthat coun- try is bound, and that the persistence of certain facts con- tinues to justify continuing international concern; 9. Urges the Government of thc Islamic Republic of Iran, as a State party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 11 to respect and ensure to ali in- dividuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in that Cmenanl, 10. Once again urge.~ the Government of lhe Islanm: Republic of Iran to extend its full co-operation to the Spe- cial Representative of the Cornmission ,m Human Right~ and, in particular, to permit him to visit that country; 11. Requests the Secretary-General to g1ve ali neces- sary assistance to the Special Representative; 12. Decides to keep under considerat1011 the situation ofhuman rights in the Islam1c Republic of Iran, including the situation of minority groups such as the Baha'is, dur- ing its forty-third session in order to re-examine this situa- tion in the light of additional clements provided hy the Commission on Human Rights and the Economic and So- cial Council. 93rd plenary meeting 7 December 1987 42/137. Situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in El Salvador The General Assemb/y, Guided by the principies of the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,2 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 13 and the humanitarian rules laid down in the Geneva Con- ventions of 12 August 1949 151 and Additional Protocols 1 and II thereto, of J 977, 157 Recalling that, in its resolut1ons 35/ 192 of 15 December 1980, 36/155 of 16 December 1981, 37/185 of 17 Decem- ber 1982, 38/101 of 16 December 1983, 39/119 of 14 December 1984, 40/ 139 of 13 December 1985 and 41/157 of 4 December 1986, it expressed its deep concern at the situation of human rights in El Salvador, Bearing in mind Commission on Human Rights resolu- tions 32 (XXXVII) of 11 March 1981,56 in which the Commission decided to appoint a special representative on the situation of human rights in El Salvador, 1982/28 of 11 March 1982, 57 1983/29 of 8 March 1983, 58 1984/52 of 14 March 1984,59 1985/35 of 13 March 1985,60 and 1986/39 of 12 March 1986, 61 as well as Commission reso- lution 1987/51 of 11 March 1987,26 whereby it extended the mandate of the Special Representative for another year and requested him to repnrt tu the Cil'neral Assembly 157 A/32/144, a1111excs I and 11 al its forty-second session and to the Commission at 1ts forty-fourth session, Considering that there is an armed conflict of a 11011- mternational character in El Salvador in which the parties mvolved are under an obligation to apply the mínimum standards of protection ofhuman rights and humanitarian treatment provided for in article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and in Additional Protocol 11 thereto, of 1977, Notinf!. that the Special Representative points out in bis report 158 that the question of respect for human rights continues to be an important element of the current policy of the Government of El Salvador, which, within the pro- cess of democratic normalization, is achieving increas- ingly significan! and commendable results, Con cerned, however, because violations of human rights are continuing in El Salvador, particularly through the non-compliance with the humanitarian rules of war, Recalling that on 7 August 1987 at Guatemala City the Central American Governments signed the agreement on the "Procedures for the establishment ofa firm and lasting peace in Central America", 116 thus manifesting the politi- cal will and good faith to fulfil its provisions in order to achieve peace and stability in the region, Convinced that the strict fulfilment of the commitments assumed by the Government of El Salvador in the agree- ment signed at Guatemala City will contribute to the pro- motion, respect and realization of human rights and fun- damental freedoms in that country, Recognizing that the resumption of the dialogue between t he Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional-Frente Democrático Revolucionario in the context of the agreement signed at Guatemala City is one of the best ways of achieving a solu- t1on that will help to improve the situation of human rights of the Salvadorian people, Aware that the negotiated política! solution of the Sal- vadorian conflict can be cut short if externa! forces do not support the resumption of the dialogue but instead seek in different ways to spur the prolongation or intensification of the war, with ensuing grave effects on the situation of human rights and the possibilities of economic recovery in El Salvador, l. Commends the Special Representative for his report on the situation of human rights in El Salvador; 2. Notes with interest and emphasizes that it is impor- tant that the Special Representative indicated in his report that the question ofrespect for human rights is an impor- tan! part of the policy of the Government of El Salvador, which is achieving increasingly significant and commend- able results; 3. Expresses, nevertheless, its concern at the fact that violations of human rights are continuing in El Salvador because, in ter alia, of the non-observance of the humanitarian rules of war; 4. Trusts that the fulfilment of the undertaking as- sumed in the agreement on the "Procedures for the estab- lishment of a firm and Iasting peace in Central America", will lead to an improvement of the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in El Salvador; 5. Expresses its consternation at the assassination ofthe Co-ordinator of the Commission of Human Rights of El Salvador (non-governmental) and trusts that the authori- 118 A/421641. anne~.

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