A/RES/44/218 GA

142 General Assembly-Forty-fourth Session 44/216. International code of conduct on the transfer of technology The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 40/184 of 17 December 1985, 41/166 of 5 December 1986 and 42/172 of 11 December 1987 and its decision 43/439 of 20 December 1988 on an international code of conduct on the transfer of tech­ nology, I. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Develop­ ment on the consultations carried out in 1989 relating to the negotiations on an international code of conduct on the transfer of technology;96 2. Invites the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-fifth session a complete re­ port, based on the outcome of consultations, so as to en­ able the Assembly to take appropriate action on the ne­ gotiations on the draft code of conduct. 85th plenary meeting 22 December 1989 44/217. Trade embargo against Nicaragua The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 40/188 of 17 December 1985, 41/164 of 5 December 1986, 42/176 of 11 December 1987 and 43/185 of 20 December 1988, as well as its resolutions 42/204 of 11 December 1987, 42/231 of 12 May 1988 and 43/210 of 20 December 1988, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the trade embargo against Nicaragua,97 I. Deplores the continuation of the trade embargo con­ trary to its resolutions 40/188, 41/164, 42/176 and 43/185 and to the Judgment of the International Court of Justice of 27 June 1986,98 and once again requests that those measures be immediately revoked; 2. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-fifth session on the im­ plementation of the present resolution. 85th plenary meeting 22 December 1989 44/218. Commodities The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 1995 (XIX) of 30 December 1964, as amended, on the establishment of the United Na­ tions Conference on Trade and Development, Conference resolutions 93 (IV) of 30 May 1976 on the Integrated Pro­ gramme for Commodities,85 124 (V) of 3 June 1979,86 155 (VI), 156 (VI) and 157 (VI) of 2 July 1983,87 and the Final Act adopted by the Conference at its seventh ses­ sion, held at Geneva from 9 July to 3 August 1987,89 Recognizing the need for better functioning of com­ modity markets and the desirability of stable and more predictable conditions in commodity trade, of avoiding 96 A/44/554. 97 A/44/581. 98 See Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1986, p. 14. excessive price fluctuations and of searching for long-term solutions to commodity problems, Bearing in mind that commodity exports continue to play a key role in the economiƒs of devel?ping co_unt„es as a whole, in particular by makmg a crucial contnbutioi:i to their export revenues and investments and to the reactiva­ tion of their growth and development, Expressing concern at the difficult situati<?… faced by de­ veloping countries in the area of commod1t1es, Bearing in mind that developing countries, in particular the least developed and commodity-dependent developing countries, have felt the most severe impact of the com­ modity price situation, Welcoming the entry into force on 19 June 1989 of the Agreement Establishing the Common Fund fo† Com­ modities99 and expressing the hope that the establishment of the Common Fund, in full compliance with the provi­ sions of the Agreement, will provide a positive impetus towards long-term solutions to the commodity problems of developing countries, 1. Stresses the urgent need for appropriate and early action to address the present world situation in the area of commodities; 2. Expresses its concern at the negative effects of the long-term downward trend of com‡odity pric_es on ˆhe economic development of the developmg countnes, which hinders their efforts to improve the living conditions of their peoples and to redress increasing poverty; 3. Stresses the need for all countries, according to their economic capacity and their weight in the world economy, international organizations, multilateral financial institu­ tions and other relevant organizations to undertake mea­ sures for the diversification of the commodity economy of developing countries and to ensure greater participation of those countries in the processing, marketing and distribu­ tion, including transportation, of commodities, and, in this context, stresses the importance of market access for commodities from developing countries and of improved market transparency; 4. Recognizes that decisions on diversification are primarily the responsibility of developing countries, em­ phasizes, in that context, the need for continued im­ plementation of their diversification programmes, bearing in mind, inter alia, the long-term evolution of market con­ ditions and the linkage between diversification efforts and market access, and invites developed countries, interna­ tional financial institutions and other relevant organiza­ tions to extend financial support to such diversification programmes; 5. Notes with concern that a further decline in com­ modity prices and commodity export earnings, as well as the long-term deterioration in the terms of trade of devel­ oping countries, in particular the least developed and the commodity-dependent among them, would hinder any prospect of sustained growth and development for those countries; 6. Expresses its conviction that more stable market con­ ditions for commodities would be conducive to the social and economic development of developing countries and could, inter alia, contribute to the international campaign against illicit production of, trafficking in and abuse of narcotic drugs, thus supporting the efforts undertaken by countries to combat such illicit activities; 99 United Nations publication, Sales No. E.81.II.D.8 and corngendum. V. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Second Committe_e _______ _ _ ___ _ 1_43 7. Recognizes the need for a better functioning of com­ modity markets as well as the desirability of achieving sta­ ble and more predictable conditions in commodity trade and of avoiding excessive fluctuations of prices, and urges co-operation between producers and consumers, with a view to improving the functioning of existing international commodity agreements or arrangements and/or, as ap­ propriate, negotiating other commodity agreements or ar­ rangements, in line with the relevant provisions of the Fi­ nal Act adopted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development at its seventh session; 8. Urges all parties involved to meet agreed commit­ ments and work for a balanced approach to the multilat­ eral trade negotiations within the Uruguay Round of mul­ tilateral trade negotiations, launched during the Special Session of the Contracting Parties to the General Agree­ ment on Tariffs and Trade, held at Punta del Este, Uru­ guay, from 15 to 20 September 1986, so as to ensure that their successful conclusion brings about further expansion and liberalization in trade in commodities, taking into ac­ count the special and differential treatment for developing countries, as well as all other principles contained in the Ministerial Declaration on the Uruguay Round; 100 9. Recognizes the urgent need to address the grave problem of shortfalls in export earnings in the commodi­ ties of developing countries and, in this regard, notes that a special session of the Trade and Development Board will be devoted to compensatory financing of these shortfalls; 10. Calls upon those countries that have ratified the Agreement Establishing the Common Fund for Com­ modities to contribute to making both accounts of the Common Fund fully operational as soon as possible, in full compliance with the provisions of the Agreement and, in this connection, welcomes the significant voluntary contributions made to the second account of the Common Fund and expresses the hope that further contributions will be forthcoming; 11. Invites all countries, particularly major exporters and consumers of commodities that have not yet ratified the Agreement, to do so as soon as possible, thereby con­ tributing to the improvement of market conditions to the benefit of both producers and consumers; 12. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Na­ tions Conference on Trade and Development to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-fifth session a report on world commodity trends and prospects, with particular reference to the situation of the commodity-dependent de­ veloping countries; 13. Decides to include the question of commodities in the provisional agenda of its forty-fifth session. 85th plenary meeting 22 December 1989 44/219. Report of the Trade and Development Board The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 1995 (XIX) of 30 December 1964, as amended, 101 on the establishment of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the Final Act adopted by the Conference at its seventh ses­ sion, held at Geneva from 9 July to 3 August 1987, 89 Recalling also its resolution 43/ 188 of 20 December 1988 on the report of the Trade and Development Board. IOO See GA TT. Focus Newsletter. No. 41, October I 986. IOI Sec resolutions 2904 (XXVII). _11 /2 A and R and 34/3. Noting that the Trade and Development Report, 1989102 has made a constructive contribution to the consideration by the Trade and Development Board, at the first part of its thirty-sixth session, of the interdependence of problems of trade, development finance and the international mone­ tary system, as well as to the Board's consideration of the debt and development problems of the developing coun­ tries, 1. Takes note of the report of the Trade and DeveloĈ­ ment Board on the second part of its thirty-fifth session 1 3 and the first part of its thirty-sixth session, 104 expresses its appreciation for the constructive spirit permeating recent deliberations of the Board and invites all parties to give ef­ fect to its resolutions and decisions; 2. Welcomes the efforts made by Governments and the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to strengthen the debates of the Trade and Development Board on the interdependence of prob­ lems of trade, development finance and the international monetary system, and also welcomes Board resolu­ tion 374 (XXXVI) of 13 October 1989 on that topic;45 3. Welcomes the significant contribution made by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to the search for durable solutions to the problem of external indebtedness of developing countries, and also welcomes Trade and Development Board resolution 375 (XXXVI) of 13 October 1989, 45 on debt and development problems of developing countries; 4. Welcomes Trade and Develoĉment Board deci­ sion 36 7 (XXXV) of 17 March 1989 °5 on protectionism and structural adjustment, and urges the Governments concerned to fulfil their commitments to halt and reverse protectionism and to take expeditious and concrete struc­ tural adjustment measures conducive, in particular, to the widening of markets for exports of products in which the developing countries have or may develop a comparative advantage; 5. Also welcomes Trade and Develofment Board deci­ sion 368 (XXXV) of 17 March 198910 on trade relations among countries having different economic and social sys­ tems and all trade flows resulting therefrom, and invites the Board to develop a programme for further promotion of trade and economic co-operation among those coun­ tries, in particular East-South trade, based on an analysis and evaluation undertaken by an intergovernmental group of experts of the existing and evolving trends and potential factors related to inter-system trade; 6. Notes that the Trade and Development Board has decided to consider, at a future session, the implications of bilateral arrangements and regional economic integration, especially those which have a major impact on global trade, in particular on the trade and development of devel­ oping countries, and agrees on the need to ensure that such schemes impart dynamism to global trade and en­ hance trade and development possibilities for the develop­ ing countries; 7. Stresses that in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations commensurate attention should be given to all areas of negotiation, especially those of par­ ticular relevance to the trade and development of develop­ ing countries; 102 United Nations pubhcallon, Saks No. E.1989.11.D.14. 10-1 Official Records of rhe General Assembly. h!rly-ji>urrh Session, SufJ;/ement No. 15 (A/44/\'i), vol. I. Ibid., vol. 11. 10, !hid .. vol. I sect. I I ll

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