A/RES/46/33 GA

64 Genenl A11embly-Forty-11xtll Session weapons, although the difficulties as regards evolving a common approach acceptable to all have also been pointed out; 3. Appeals to all States, especially the nuclear-weapon States, to work actively towards an early agreement on a common approach and, in particular, on a common formula that could be included in an international instrument of a legally binding character; 4. Recommends that further intensive efforts should be devoted to the search for such a common approach or com- mon formula and that the various alternative approaches, including, in particular, those considered in the Conference on Disarmament, should be further explored in order to overcome the difficulties; 5. Recommends also that the Conference on Disarma- ment should actively continue intensive negotiations with a view to reaching early agreement and concluding effec- tive international arrangements to assure non-nuclear- weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, taking into account the widespread support for the conclusion of an international convention and giving consideration to any other proposals designed to secure the same objective; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-seventh session the item entitled "Conclusion of ef- fective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear- weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons". 65th plenary meeting 6 December I 99 I 46/33. Prevention of an arms race in outer space The General Assembly, Recognizing the common interest of all mankind in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Reaffirming the will of all States that the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall be for peaceful purposes, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interest of all countries, irrespec- tive of their degree of economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind, Reaffirming also provisions of articles III and IV of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,19 Recalling the obligation of all States to observe the pro- visions of the Charter of the United Nations regarding the use or threat of use of force in their international relations, including in their space activities, Reaffirming farther paragraph 80 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,2 in which it is stated that in order to prevent an arms race in outer space further measures should be taken and appropri- ate international negotiations held in accordance with the spirit of the Treaty, Recalling also its previous resolutions on this issue and the Declaration adopted by the Ninth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Belgrade from 4 to 7 September 1989,17 and taking note of the proposals submitted to the General Assembly at its tenth special session and at its regular sessions, and of the recommendations made to the competent organs of the United Nations and to the Conference on Disarma- ment, Recognizing the grave danger for international peace and security of an arms race in outer space and of developments contributing to it, Emphasizing the paramount importance of strict compli- ance with existing arms limitation and disarmament agree- ments relevant to outer space, including bilateral agree- ments, and with the existing legal regime concerning the use of outer space, Considering that wide participation in the legal regime applicable to outer space could contribute to enhancing its effectiveness, Noting that bilateral negotiations between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of Amer- ica have continued since 1985 with the declared objective of working out effective agreements aimed, inter a/ia, at preventing an arms race in outer space, Welcoming the re-establishment of the Ad Hoe Commit- tee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space at the 1991 session of the Conference on Disarmament, in the exercise of the negotiating responsibilities of this sole multilateral body on disarmament, to continue to examine and identify, through substantive and general considera- tion, issues relevant to the prevention of an arms race in outer space, Noting also that the Ad Hoe Committee on the Preven-- tion of an Arms Race in Outer Space, taking into account its previous efforts since its establishment in 1985 and seeking to enhance its functioning in qualitative terms, continued the examination and identification of various issues, existing agreements and existing proposals, as well as future initiatives relevant to the prevention of an arm:; race in outer space,20 and that this contributed to a better understanding of a number of problems and to a clearer perception of the various positions, Emphasizing the mutually complementary nature of bi- lateral and multilateral efforts in the field of preventing an arms race in outer space, and hoping that concrete results will emerge from these efforts as soon as possible, Convinced that further measures should be examined in the search for effective and verifiable bilateral and multi- lateral agreements in order to prevent an arms race in outer space, Recalling in this context its resolution 45/55 B of 4 Decem- ber 1990 which, inter a/ia, reaffirmed the importance of confidence-building measures as means conducive to en- suring the attainment of the objective of the prevention of an arms race in outer space, I. Reaffirms the importance and urgency of preventing an arms race in outer space and the readiness of all States to contribute to that common objective, in conformity with the provisions of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies; 2. Reaffirms its recognition, as stated in the report of the Ad Hoe Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space, that the legal regime applicable to outer space by itself does not guarantee the prevention of an arms race in outer space, that this legal regime plays a sig- nificant role in the prevention of an arms race in that en- vironment, that there is a need to consolidate and reinforce JO. Resolutloas adopted 011 tlle report, or tbe Flnt Commlttfe 65 that regime and enhance its effectiveness, and that it is im- portant strictly to comply with existing agreements, both bilateral and multilateral;21 3. Emphasizes the necessity of further measures with appropriate and effective provisions for verification to pre- vent an arms race in outer space; 4. Calls upon all States, in particular those with major space capabilities, to contribute actively to the objective of the peaceful use of outer space and of the prevention of an arms race in outer space and to refrain from actions contrary to that objective and to the relevant existing treaties in the interest of maintaining international peace and security and promoting international cooperation; 5. Reiterates that the Conference on Disarmament, as the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum, has the primary role in the negotiation of a multilateral agree- ment or agreements, as appropriate, on the prevention of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects; 6. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to con- sider as a matter of priority the question of preventing an arms race in outer space; 7. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify its consideration of the question of the preven- tion of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects, build- ing upon areas of convergence and taking into account relevant proposals and initiatives, including those pre- sented in the Ad Hoe Committee at the 1991 session of the Conference and at the forty-sixth session of the General Assembly; 8. Recognizes, in this regard, the relevance of consid- ering measures on confidence-building and greater trans- parency and openness in space as stated in the report of the Ad Hoe Committee; 9. Further requests the Conference on Disarmament to re-establish an ad hoe committee with an adequate mandate at the beginning of its 1992 session and to continue build- ing upon areas of convergence with a view to undertaking negotiations for the conclusion of an agreement or agree- ments, as appropriate, to prevent an arms race in outer space in all its aspects; I 0. Urges the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America to pursue intensively their bilateral negotiations in a constructive spirit with a view to reaching early agreement for preventing an arms race in outer space, and to advise the Conference on Disarmament periodically of the progress of their bilateral sessions so as to facilitate its work; 11. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-seventh session the item entitled "Prevention of an arms race in outer space". 65th plenary meeting 6 December 1991 46/34. Implementation of the Declaration on the De- nuclearization of Africa A NUCLEAR CAPABILITI' OF Souru AFRICA The General Assembly, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the nuclear capability of South Africa,22 Recalling its resolutions 34/76 B of 11 December 1979, 35/146 A of 12 December 1980, 36/86 A of9 December 1981, 37/74 B of 9 December 1982, 38/181 B of 20 De- cember 1983, 39/61 B of 12 December 1984, 40/89 B of 12 December 1985, 41/55 B of 3 December 1986, 42/34 B of 30 November 1987, 43/71 B of 7 December 1988, 44/113 B of 15 December 1989 and 45/56 B of 4 December 1990, Having also considered the report of the Secretary-- General on South Africa's nuclear-tipped ballistic missile capability ,23 Having further considered the report of the group of experts set up jointly by the United Nations and the Or- ganization of African Unity, which held its first meeting at Addis Ababa from 6 to 10 May 1991,24 Bearing in mind the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa2s adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity at its first ordinary session, held at Cairo from 17 to 21 July 1964, Bearing in mind also resolution GC(XXXV)/RES/567 on South Africa's nuclear capabilities. adopted on 20 Sep- tember 1991 by the General Conference of the Interna- tional Atomic Energy Agency,26 Noting South Africa's accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 10 on 10 July 1991, Noting also that the South African Government has negotiated and signed a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency and committed it- self to early and full implementation of the agreement in its statement at the September 1991 session of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Stressing that the full disclosure of South Africa's nu- clear installations and materials is essential to the peace and security of the region, Concerned about the transfer of nuclear missile technol- ogy to South Africa by a certain State commonly known for its collaboration with South Africa, I. Calls upon South Africa to comply fully with the implementation of its safeguards agreement with the Inter- national Atomic Energy Agency; 2. Also calls upon South Afnca to disclose all its nu- clear installations and materials in conformity with il'- treaty obligations, and to enhance confidence-building, peace and security in the region; 3. Calls upon all States, corporations, institutions and individuals not to engage in collaboration with South Africa that may lead it to violate its commitments under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and its safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency; 4. Request~ the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency to ensure early implementation of the safeguards agreement in accordance with resolution GC(XXXV)/RES/567 adopted by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency; 5. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-seventh session on the meas- ures taken by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency to verify the completeness of the

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