A/33/PV.91 General Assembly

The General Assembly will first consider the Fifth Committee's report on agenda items 68 and 100 [A/33/536J. We shall now vote on the Committee's recommendation in paragraph 5 of that report. A recorded vote has been requested. 5. These are the reports of the Fifth Committee now before the Assembly, and I trust that they will be considered and adopted.

The General Assembly will first comider the Fifth Committee's report on agenda items 68 and 100 [A/33/536J. We shall now vote on the Committee's recommendation in paragraph 5 of that report. A recorded vote has been requested.

The General Assembly will no"! consider parts II and III of the report of the Fifth Cor.unittee on agenda item 100 [A/33/445/Add.l and 2J. Against: Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Czechoslovakia, France, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Italy, Mongolia,Poland, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics The recommendation was adopted by 116 votes to 11 (decision 33/439). , L .

The General Assembly will no"! consider parts II and III of the report of the Fifth (OLlmittee on agenda item 100 [A/33/445/Add.1 and 2J. 10. The delegation of the USSR is, unf to note that that decision, which Is regar for the maintenance of a healthy fina existence and development of the Unit being implemented. And what should n rare exception, namely, requests for ad tions, have now become the general thirty-third session of the Assembly t frequently not complied with the dec Assembly and, although the Organization biennial budget, the unjustified practice for supplementary appropriations durin For example, not only does the repor General on budget performance [A/ alone contain requests for supplementar nearly SUS 62 million, but during the w session of the Assembly requests hav supplementary appropriations of SUS 90 million.

The United Nations General Assembly has taken a decision to the effect that in United Nations practice as a rule additional estimates should not be made, but that increases in expenditure during a budget period should be financed primarily from savings in the budget resulting from a review of programme priorities, redistribution of income and so on [resolution 2150 (XXI)]. 10. The delegation of the USSR is, unfortunately, obliged to note that that decision, which i3 regarded as fundamental for the maintenance of a healthy financial basis for the existence and development of the United Nations, is not being implemented. And what should not occur, even as a rare exception, namely, requests for additional appropriations, have now become the general rule. During the thirty-third session of the Ass~mbly the Secretariat has frequently not complied with the decision taken by the Assembly and, although the Organization has gone over to a biennial budget, the unjustified practice persists of requests for supplementary appropriations during a budget period. For example, not only does the report of the Secretary- General on budget performance [A/C.5/33/25/Rev.1] alone contain requests for supplementary appropriations of nearly SUS 62 million, but during the whole period of this session of the Assembly requests have been made for supplementary appropriations of more than SUS 90 million. 11. As members know, at the last sess Assembly a group of States, including which fmances the major part of Unit expenditures expresseds serious concern sibly high growth rate of the United Nat far exceeds the average growth rates in t of States Members of the United Nation the proportion of their resources which provide to the United Nations. In that stressed that the main reasons for this i ment were no more, no less than the expansion of the United Nations staff trative and management expenditures genuine efforts to enhance the efficien Nations Secretariat and opposition to att modern management methods. 11. As members know, at the last session of the General Assembly a group of States, including the Soviet Union, which fmances the major part of United Nations budget expenditures expressed2 serious concern over the inadmissibly high growth rate of the United Nations budget, which far exceeds the average growth rates in the national income of States Members of the United Nations and, accordingly, the proportion of their resources which States are able to provide to the United Nations. In that connexion, it was stressed that the main reasons for this intolerable development were no more, no less than the wholly unjustified expansion of the United Nations staff, inflated administrative and management expenditures, the absence of 12. The United Nations budget fo 1978-1979 shows an increase of SUS 240 32.2 per cent over that of the previo growth is unprecedented in the entire hi Nations, and the Soviet Union, as o contributors to the United Nations declare thatwe consider the activities of Secretariat in the budgetary field unsatisf g~nuine efforts to enhance the efficiency of the United Nations Secretariat and opposition to attempts to introduce modern management methods. 13. We have to give serious thought al the States that provide more than h Nations budget have not found it possi 12. The United Nations budget for the biennium 1978-1979 shows an increase of SUS 240,100,000 or nearly 32.2 per cent over that of the previous biennium. This growth is unprecedented in the entire history of the United Nations, and the Soviet Union, as one of the major contributors to the United Nations budget, wishes to declare that'we consider the activities of the United Nations Secretariat in the budgetary field unsatisfactory. 13. We have to give serious thought also to the fact that the States that provide more thau half of the United Nations budget have not found it possible to support the 14. The delegation of the Soviet Union had expected vigorous efforts to be made to meet the additional expenditures from savings in the budget; we had expected that the necessary work would be done, that proposals would be made to the General Assembly for reviewing priorities for the execution of programmes and that full information would be prepared and provided about the resources released as a result of the termination or reduction of programmes. As members know also, that Viork was specifically provided for in General Assembly resolutions 3534 (XXX), 31/93 and 33/201. However, that work 'has not been done. 15. The facts prove that the United Nations Secretariat has not done the work of elucidating what resourcescould be released or developed in the United Nations Secretariat which it had been requested to do under General Assembly decisions, and has submitted no recommendations regarding the curtailment of obsolete or inactive programmes, the avoidance of duplication or the improvement of the effectiveness of United Nations activities. 16. On the contrary, additional expenditures have been requested to finance virtually all new activities; new posts have unjustifiably been created; in violation of the instructions of the United Nations General Assembly, proposals have been znade to increase the amounts assigned for the employment of experts and consultants and additional sums have been requested to cover budgetary expenditures due to devaluation. 15. The facts prove that the United Nations Secretariat has not done the work of elucidating what resources could be released or developed in the United Nations Secretariat which it had been requested to do under General Assembly decisions, and has submitted no recommendations regarding the curtailment of obsolete or inactive programmes, the avoidan~ of quplication or the improvement of the efiectivemlss of United Nations activities. 17. The incorrect practice of transferring to the regular budget of the United Nations posts formerly financed through voluntary funds and other extrabudgetary resources has continued. At the thirty-second session of the General Assembly, the delegation of the Soviet Union warned that it would be unable to assent to such a practice and that should such a practice continue the Soviet Union would be obliged to consider withholding from its contribution to the United Nations regular budget sums designedfor the financing of such posts. Unfortunately our warning was not heeded; accordingly, the Soviet delegation wishes to declare that, should the financing of posts previously covered by voluntary funds continue to be transferred to the regular budget, the Soviet Union will be obliged to refrain from paying its contribution to the budget for the maintenance of such posts. 16. On the contrary, additional expenditures have been requested to finance Virtually all new activities; new posts have unjustifiably been created; in violation of the instructions of the United Nations General Assembly, proposals have been lDlade to increase tile amounts assigned for the employment of experts and consultants and additional sums have been requested to cover budgetary expenditures due to devaluation. 17. The incorrect practice of transferring to the regular budget of the United Nations posts formerly financed through voluntary funds and other extrabudgetary resources has continued. At the thirty-second session of the General Assembly, the delegation of the Soviet Union warned that it would be unable to assent to such a practice and that should such a practice continue the Soviet Union would be obliged to consider withholding from its contribution to the United Nations regular budget sums designed for the financing of such posts. Unfortunately our warning was not heeded; accordingly, the Soviet delegation wishes to declare that, should the financing of posts previously covered by voluntary funds continue to be transferred to the regular budget, the Soviet Union will be obliged to refrain from paying its contribution to the budget for the maintenance ofsuch posts. 18. The Soviet delegation wishes to recall also that, when the biennial.programme budget was adopted at the th;-tysecond session of the General Assembly, we categorically opposed the inclusion in the budget of illegalexpenditures for the financing of such measures as the payment of interest on and the amortization of the United Nations bond issue to cover expenditures for illegal measures contrary to the Charter. Abidingstrictly by the Charter, the Soviet Union vigorously opposed those measures; accordingly, we do not bear, and shall not bear, any responsibility in regard to them and we have no intentionof contributing to the expenditures incurred in connexion with them. 18. The Soviet delegation wishes to recall also that, when the biennial. programme budget was adopted at the th:-tysecond session of the General Assembly, we categorically opposed the inclusion in the budget of illegal expenditures for the financing of such measures as the payment of interest. on and the amortization of the United Nations bond issue to cover expenditures for illegal measures contrary to the Charter. Abiding strictly by the Charter, the Soviet Union vigorously opposed those measures; accordingly, we do not bear, and shall not bear, any responsibility in regard to them and we have no intention of contributing to the expenditures incurred in connexion with them. 21. In view of developments well known to the deleg tions that have taken place during the thirty-third sessiono the United Nations Genua! Assembly, the delegation ofth USSR reaffirms its position relating to the application o Article 19 oftheCharter. 20. Since in the revised budget for the biennium 1978-1979, in violation of indications of the United Nations General Assembly, superfluous and unjustified expenditures appear, and also bearing in mind that the budget contains allocations for financing expenditures relating to measures that are iHegal and contrary to the Charter, the delegation of the Soviet Union will vote against approval of the revised budget appropriations for the 1978-1979 biennium.

now invite delegations to turn to part 11 of the report of th Fifth Committee on agenda item 100 [A/3S/445/Add.l] The draft resolution recommended by the Fifth Committe appears in paragraph 45 of its report: That draft resolutio incorporates various decisions dealing with questions re lating to the programme budget for the biennium 1978-1979. We shall take a decision on each section, on by one. 21. In view of developments well known to the delegations that have taken pla~ dUring the thirty-third session of the United Nations GenEral Assembly, the delegation of the USSR reaffirms its po&ition relating to the application of Article 19 ofthe·Charter. 23. We turn first to section I. The Fifth Committe adopted section I by consensus. May I consider that th Assembly adopts section I? .

I now in'!:t~ delegations to turn to part 11 of the report of the Fifth Committee on agenda it~m 100 [A/3S/445/Add.l]. The draft resolution recommended by the Fifth Committee appears in paragraph 45 of its report: That draft resolution incorporates various decisions dealing with questions relating to the programme budget for the biennium 1978-1979. We shall take a decision on each section, one by one. Section I of the draft resolution. was adopted (resolutio 33/116B,sect. 1).3 .

W come now to section 11. The Fifth Committee adopte section 11 without objection. May I consider that th General Assemblywishesto do likewise? 23. We turn first to section I. The Fifth Committee adopted section I by consensus. May I consider that the. Assembly adopts section I? . Section I of the draft resolution. was adopted (resolution . 33/116Bt sect. 1).3 25. The PI,ffiSIDENT (interpretation from Spanish): Nex we turn to section Ill. The Fifth Committee adopte section III without objection. May I consider that th General Assemblywishesto do likewise?

We come now to section 11. The Fifth Committee adopted section 11 without objection. May I consider that the General Assembly wisHes to do likewise? 26. The PRESIDENT.(interpretation from Spanis;2).~ W come now to section IV. Tie Fifth Committee adopte section IV by consensus. May I consider that the Gener Assembiy wishesto adopt section IV? . 25. The P~SIDENT (interpretation from Spanish): Next, we turn to section Ill. The Fifth Committee adopted section III without objection. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise? 3 For resolution 33/116 A, sections I-VI"~sce the 88th meetin paras. 14-20. 26. The PRESIDENT· (interpretation from Spanis;J).~ We come now to section IV. T'1e Fifth Committee adopted section IV by consensus. May I consider that the General Assembiy wishes to adopt section IV? .

We turn now to section VII. The Fifth Committee adopted section VII by consensus. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to adopt section VII?

We come now to section VI. The Fifth Committee adopted section VI by consensUs. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to adopt section VI?

We turn now to section VIII. A recorded vote has been requested,

We turn now to section VII. The Fifth Committee adopted section VII by consensus. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to adopt section VII? In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bar- bados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burma, Burundi, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Empire, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana,Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauri- tania, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, ;>weden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Upper Volta, Uruguay, Vene- zuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia

We turn now to section VIII. A recorded vote has been requestad. Against: None Abstaining: Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Repub- lic, Czechoslovakia,' German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, ~nion of Soviet, Socialist Republics Section VIII of the d~.ft resolution was adopted by 125 votes to nom" with 9 abstentions (resolution 33/116 B, sect. VIII).

I now invite representatives to turn to part III of the report of the Fifth Committee or. agenda item 100 [A/33/445/ Add.2]. We shall now take a decision on the three draft resolutions recommended by the Fifth Committee in paragraph 10 of its report. In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbad Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burma, Buru Empire, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo cratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, D Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethio Gabon, Germany, Federal Republic Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-rtssau, G duras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Ke People's Democratic Republic, Lesoth 33. Draft resolution A is entitled "Revised budget appro- priations for the biennium 1978-1979". I shall now put draft resolution A to the vote. A recorded vote has been requested. In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, 8olivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burma, Burundi; Central African Empire, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Demo- cratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji! Finland, Gabon, Germany, Federal Republic ef, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-itssau, Guyana, Haiti, Hon- duras, Iceland, India, hdonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, libyan Abstaining: Australia, Canada, Cuba Against: Belgium, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist RepubJic, Czechoslovakia, France, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Poland, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United States of America

We shall now proceed to the consideration of draft resolution B, entitled "Revised income estimates for the biennium 1978-1979". If I hear no objection, may I take it that the General Assembly approves draft resolution B? Abstaining: Australia, Canada, Cuba

Draft resolution C is entitled "Financing of the revised appropriations for the biennium 1978-1979". I shall now put draft resolution C to the vote. A recorded vote has been requested.

We shall now proceed to the consideration of draft resolution B, entitled "Revised income estimates for the biennium 1978-1979". If I hear no objection, may I take it that the General Assembly approves draft resolution B?

Draft resolution C is entitled "Financing of the revised appropriations for the biennium 1978-1979". I shall now put draft resolution C to th.e vote. A recorded vote has been requested.

Inow invite representatives to turn to the recommendation which appears in paragraph 11 of the report of the Fifth Committee [A/33/445/Add.2]. A recorded vote has been requested.

I cal on the representative of the United States, who wishes to explain his vote. Against: Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Czechoslovakia, German Democn tic Repl~blic, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

For the first time the United States has voted against a draf resolution on budget appropriations for the United Nations We explained in detail our reasons for our vote in the Fift Committees and thus we shall not restate them. However we should like to appeal to all Member States to support policy of fiscal prudence and maximum restraint in Unite Nations expenditures. The recommendation was adopted by 125 votes fo 9 (decision 33/440).

I call on the representative of the United States, who wishes to explain his vote.

For the first time the United States has voted against a draft resolution on budget ~ppropriations for the United Nations. We explained in detail our reasons for our vote in the Fifth Committee4 and thus we shall not restate them. However, we should like to appeal to all Member States to support a policy of fiscal prudence and maximum restraint in United Nations expenditures. Against: None

We shall now proceed to the two draft decisions recommended by the Fifth Committee in paragraph 30 of its report [A/33/530]. Draft decision I is entitled "Accommodation at Nairobi". The Fifth Committee adopted draft decision I without objection. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise? Abstaining: Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, France,S German Democratic Republic, Hungary,S Iraq, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mongolia, Syrian Arab Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet ::ocialist Republics The draft resolution was adopted by 126 votes to none, with 11 abstentions (resolution 33/181).

Draft decision 11 is entitled "Expansion of meeting rooms and improvement of conference servicing and delegate facilities

We shall now proceed to the two draft decisions recommended by the Fifth Committee in paragraph 30 of its report [A/33/530]. Draft decision I is entitled "Accommodation at Nairobi". The Fifth Committee adopted draft decision I without objection. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise? 5 The delegations of France and Hungary subsequently informed the Secretariat that they wished to have their votes recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. Draft decision I was ad.opted (decision 33/441). 41. The PRES~DENT (interpretation from Spanish): Draft decision 11 is entitled "Expansion of meeting rooms and improvement of conference servicing and delegate facilities ~ . --- - --_. -._-- -.- _._- ~ --- 5 The delegations of Fra.'lce and Hungary subsequently informed the Secretariat that they wished to have their votes recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. In favour: Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burma, Burundi, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Empire, Cbad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kt.wait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicill'agua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, SingaplJre, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Th&iland, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irek'Id, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Upper Volta, Venezuela, Yemen, ylJgoslavia, Zaire, Zambia Against: Bulgaria, Byelorussian S Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Guinea, Hungary, Iran, Mongolia, P Socialist Republic, Union of Sov Uruguay Abstaining: Afghanistan, Belgiu torial Guinea, Ethiopia, France, It hiriya, Nigeria Against: Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German _Democratic Republic, Guinea, Hungary, Iran, Mongolia, Poland, -Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Uruguay 42. The PRESIDENT (interpreta General Assembly will now conside Committee on agenda item 106, Unit. The report is contained in d shall now take a decision on the Fifth Committee in paragraph 2 consider that the General Assem mendation? Abstaining: Afghanistan, Belgium, Benin, Congo, Equa- torial Guinea, Ethiopia, France, Italy, Libyan Arab Jama- hiriya, Nigeria The recommendation was adopte

The General Assembly will now consider the report of the Fifth Committee on agenda item 106, on the Joint Inspection Unit. The report is contained in documenl A/33/529. We shall now take a decision on the recommendation of the Fifth Committee in paragraph 20 of its report. May I consider that the General Assembly adopts the recommendation? AGENDA ITEM Election of twenty members of th the UDited Nations Elllvironm eluded]" 43. The PRESIDENT (interpreta members will recall, the General plenary meeting elected 19 mem The recomme,!dation was adopted (decision 33/443). * Resumed from the 85th meeting.

As members will recall, the General Assembly at its 85th plenary meeting elected 19 members of the Governing Liberia was elected a member 0:' the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme for a three-year term beginning on 1 January 1979 (decision 33/3236 ). REPORT OF THE FIFTH ('')MMITTEE (A/33/540)

The next report of the Fifth Committee concerns agenda item 12 [A/33/540}. May I consider that the General Assembly takes note of that report?

We shall now proceed to the chapters of the report of the Economic and Social Council assigned for direct consideration in plenary meetings. I am referring to chapters I and VII of document A/33/3 (sections A to C and F) which deal with organizational matters. May I take it that the General Assembly takes note of these parts of the report of the Economic and Social Council?

The next report of the Fifth Committee concerns agenda item 12 [A/33/540]. May I consider that the C.eneral Assembly takes note of that report? CHAPTERS CONSIDERED WITHOUT REFERENCE TO A MAIN COMMITTEE

We shall now proceed to the chaptr.rs of the report of the Economic and Social Council assi~ed for direct consideration in plenary meetings. I am referring to chapters I IlJld VII of document A/33/3 (sections A to C and F) which deal with organizational matters. May I take it that the General Assembly takes note of these parts of the report of the Economic and Social Council?

As members will recall we concluded the general debate on the question of Namibia at the 80th plenary meeting on 12 December.

As members will recall we concluded the general debate on the question of Namibia at the 80th plenary meeting on 12 December. 47. Before we resume our consideration of this item today, I should like to thank the members of the Advisory Committee for Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the Fifth Committee for having made it possible for us to deal with this important question this morning. Everyone knows that the Adv1SolJ' Committee and the Fifth Committee have worked steadily and intensively throughout this entire sessioa and their efforts are particularly appreciated as they gave their attention to this question Lq an urgent and timely way. 6 See also the 85th meeting, para. 180. 51. In voting for the draft resolutions before us, howev we should now like to explain, as we have done before, t predicament in which we find ourselves. Where the appl.c tion of sanctions under Chapter VII of the 'Charter is call for in relation to South Africa, Botswana is compelled, regrettable circumstances beyond its control, to reserve position. Our delicate and sensitive geographical positi vis-a-vis South Africa makes us vulnerable and our ec nomic survival extremely precarious. That is the sole reas for our having to reserve our position on aspects of t draft resolutions before us. 49. I shall now call on those representatives who wish to explain their votes before the voting.

Botswana will vote in favour of all the draft resolutions on this very important question. That is as it should be, for our support for the freedom of our neighbours in Namibia has always been consistent. We shall continue to support the ~eroic struggle of our brothers and sisters to the best of cur ability. 51. In voting for the draft resolutions before us, however, we shouid now like to explain, as we have done beforet the predicament in which we find ourselves. Where the apptcation of sanctions lmder Chapter VII of the'Charter is called for in relation to South Africa, Botswana is compelled, by regrettable circumstances beyond its control, to reserve its position. Our delicate and sensitive geographical position vis-a-vis South Mrica makes us vulnerable and our economic survival extremely precarious. That is the sole reason for our having to reserve our position on aspects of the _ draft resolutions before us. 52. As I have already stated, our reservation on parts the draft resolutions in no way affects our well-know support for the Namibian people. 53. With that explanation of vote, I should like now put on record our reservations on the following paragrap which relate expressly to Chapter VII: first, in dr resolution A/33/L.13, operative paragraph 13; an secondly, in draft resolution A/33/L.14, operative pa graph 8. 52. As I have already stated, our reservation on parts of the draft resolutions in no way affects our well-known support for the Namibian people. 54. Having expressed those reservations, we shall, as I ha already said, vote in favour of the three draft resolutio and we wish to reaffirm our support for the Namibi people and their liberation movement, the South W Africa People's Organization [SWAPO}. 53. With that explanation of vote, I should like now to put on record our resery~tions on the following paragraphs which relate expressly to Chapter VII: fust, in draft resolution A/33/L.13, operative paragraph 13; :md, secondly, in draft resolution A/33/L.14, operative paragraph 8.

I am making this stateme on behalf of the delegations of France, the Fede Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom, the Unit States and Canada. 54. Having expressed those reservations, we shall, as I have already said, vote in favaar of the three draft resolutions, and we wish to reaftlrm our support for the Namibian people and their liberation movement, the South West Africa P~ople's Organization [SWAPO]. 56. At this stage of the proceedings the Governments Canada, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, t United Kingdom and the United States wish to reaffi their unabated commitment to the early implementation Security Council resolution 435 (1978) and their equa firm attachment to the provisions of the United Natio Charter, in particular those related to the respective pow and functions of the Security COuncil and the Gene Assembly.

I am making this statement on behalf of the delegations of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada. 57. However, the initiative which our Governments ha undertaken and are determined to pursue to bring about 56. At this stage of the proceedings the Governments of Canada, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States wish to reaffirm their unabated commitment to the early implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) and their equally fiIDi attachment to the provisions of the United Nations Charter, in particular those related to the respective powers :md functions of the Security COuncil and the General Assembly. 59. In this context I should like to refer to the. statement of 15 December 1978 of the five Nordic Governments on Namibia, which has been circulated as a document of the General Assembly and the Security Council [A/33/518-S/ 12969}.

My delegation intends to vote in favour of the three draft resolutions containec in documents A/33/L.13, A/33/L.14 and A/33/L.15. Seen as a whole, these draft resolutions contain all the fundamental elements for the initiation of a truly democratic process towards a free and independent Namibm. They address themselves, in my Government's view, in a relevant way to the problems md requirements involved in such a process. 60. The Namibian situation is unique in several ways. The United Nations has for 12 years had a special responsibility for effecting the independence of that Territory in fulfilment of decisions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and the International Court of Justice. Namibia is not only one of the major political problems confronting the United Nations; it has also explicitly been placed under the direct responsibility of the United Nations. A United Nations organ-the United Nations 'Council for Namibia-has been created with direct authority to administer the Territory. All the efforts of the United Nations to carry out its responsibility have been thwarted, however, by the recalcitrance of one Government-that of South Africa-and the illegal occupation of the country by South Africa. 59. In tlris context I should like to refer to the statement of 15 December 1978 of the five Nordic Governments on Namibia, which has been circulated as a document of the General Assembly and th~ Security Council [A/33/518-S/ 12969}. 60. The Namibian situation is unique in several ways. The United Nations has for 12 years had a special responsibility for effecting the independence of that Territory in fulfilment of decisions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and the International Court of Justice. Namibia is not only one of the major political problems confronting the United Nations; it has also explicitly been placed under the direct responsibility of the United Nations. A United Nations organ-the United Nations 'Council for Namibia-has been created with direct authority to administer the Territory. All the efforts of the United Nations to carry out its responsibility have been thwarted, however, by the recalcitrance of one Government-that of South Africa-and the illegal occupation of the country by South Africa. 61. Over the past yeer the world community has been led to bc'ieve that the present intolerable situation is coming to an end. Today we see little basis for such hope. Instead, recent events have brought the situation to a point where, in my Government's view, there is an imperative need for bringing renewed pressure to bear upon South Africa. The Security Council should face up to that responsibility. 62. That is the context in which my delegation is prompted to support these draft resolutions, despite the fact that we have serious reservations of a constitutional character on one point and some further reservations on other points. 61. Over the past ye?I the world ccmmunity has been led to lx-1ieve that the present intolerable situation is coming to an end. Today we see little basis for such hope. Instead, recent events have brought the situation to a point where, in my Government's view, there is an imperativ~ need for bringing renewed pressure to bear upon South Africa. The Security Council should face up to that responsibility. 63. Our main reservation concerns the eleventh preambular paragraph of draft resolution A/33/L.I3. According to that paragraph, the General Assembly of the United Nations would reaffirm its full support for the armed struggle of the Namibian people. It is understandable that in their despair, and faced with brutal oppression, the Namibian people, having tried innumerable peaceful ways and means to free themselves from foreign occupation, in the end have seen no alternative than to resort to armed struggle. That struggle is being pursued with the legitimate 68. The nine Governments goal of creating an independent and united Namibia. To Assembly should focus all its L=~f:~::,==i::=:::_:=ge_~::ar~..~~ 62. That is the context in which my delegation is prompted to support these draft resolutions, despite the fact that we have serious reservations of a constitutional character on one point and some further reservations on other points. 63. Our main H:servation concerns the eleventh preambular paragraph of draft resolution A/33/L.13. According to that paragraph, the General Assembly of the United Nations would reaffirm its full support for the armed struggle of the Namibian people. It is understandable that in their despair, and faced with brutal oppression, the L Namibiai~ people,. having tried innumerable peaceful ways and means to free themselves from foreign occupation, in the end have seen no alternative than to resort to armed struggle. That struggle is being pursued with the legitimate goal of creating an independent and united Namibia. To move from this understanding, which is almost universally 64. Among our other reserva has stated on earlier occasions, I the following. My Governmen any attempt by South Africa capacity, as we would condem South Africa in such an attempt 65. The General Assembly m Security Council take action. H be left to the Security Coun specific measures that it would this context, it is also the v sanctions can be truly effective support, which includes, in par which are important to South relations. 64. Among our other reservations, which my delegation has stated on earlier occasions, I will confine my remarks to the following. My Government certainly would condemn any attempt by South Africa to acquire nuclear-weapons capacity, as we would condemn any State that assisted South Africa in such an attempt. 66. Finally, the resolutions reflected somewhat more clea efforts to promote a peaceful problem. 65. The General Assembly may recommend that the Security Council take action. However, it must, of course, be left to the Security Council itself to decide on the specific measures that it would be appropriate to take. In this context, it is also the view of my delegation that sanctions can be truly effective only when they have wide support, which includes, in particular, that of those States which are important to South Africa in its international relations. 67. Mr. JELONEK (Federal R view of the nine States memb munity, on whose behalf I now item is of particular importanc background of the unilateral e the same time by South Afr countries consider those elec General Assembly has demo Nations and world opinion do free and fair and, therefore, wil to their outcome. On the con seeking the early implement resolution 435 (1978), which a plan for free and fair electi supervision and control in Council resolution 385 (1976 South Africa to co-operate t according to its commitment gi and to the five Western memb They continue to support fully through resolution 435 (1978), only basis on which an interna can be achieved. 66. Finally, the resolutions could, in our view, have reflected somewhat more clearly the Secretary-General's efforts to promote a peaceful solution to the Namibian problem.

In the view of tlle nine States members of the European Community, on whose behalf I now speak, our debate on this item is of particular importance when viewed against the background of the unilateral elections which were held at the same time by South Africa in Namibia. The nine countries consider those elections null and void. The General Assembly has demonstrated that the United Nations and world opinion do not consider those elections free and fair and, therefore, will not accord any recognition to their outcome. On the contrary, the United Nations is seeking the early implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which approves the United Nations plan for free and fair elections under United Nations supervision and control in consistency with Security Council resolution 385 (1976). The nine States expect South Africa to co-operate to that end without delay, according to its commitment given to the Secretary-General and to the five Western members of the Security Council. They continue to support fully the settlement plan adopted through resolution 435 (1978), which, in their view, is the only basis on which an internationfu:.y acceptable solution can be achieved. 68. The nine Governments believe that the General Assembly should focus all its attention on this plan and encourage efforts towards the holding of free and fair

The situation regarding Namibia has reach6d a crucial stage. The way forward to independence through free dIld fair elections under United Nations supervision and control has been mapped out by Security Coundl resolution 435 (1978). South Africa, by prevarication and ambiguity, is obstructing that path. First, South Africa appeared to accept the proposals of the five Western members of the Security Council in April of this year. When it became clear that SWAPO has also C1{"cepted theul, [he South African Government resorted to its earlier discredited strategy of promoting an internal settlement acceptable to South Africa and favourable to its policies. 70. At the same time, South Africa has sought to convey the impression that it is still willing to co-operate with the United Nations, if only certain adjustments and clarifications can be made in the United Nations plan. The result of this prevarication is that the first major experience the people of Namibia have had of democratic processes has been gained in a manifestly unfree and unfair election supervised and controlled by the illegal South African administration. 71. The New Zealand Government firmly rejects the recent elections as null and void. These elections are incompatible with a geniune, internationally acceptable solution in accordance with Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 70. At the same time, South Africa has sought to convey the impression that it is still willing to co-operate with the United Nations, if only certain adjustments and clarifications can be made in the United Nations plan. The result of this prevarication is that the first major exp~rience the people of Namibia have had of democratic processes has been gained in a manifestly unfree and unfair election supervised and controlled by the illegal South African administration. 72. South Africa's recent tactics are only a continuation of a long and dismal history of defiance of the decisions of the United Nations regarding Namibia. South Africa has been playing for time because it is reluctant to face the verdict of the people of Namibia in properly supervised, free elections. But time is running out. South Africa will have to make up its nimd, once and for all, which path it wishes to follow: that of continued defiance of the willof the international community as expressed through the Security Council, or that of full co-operaticn with the United Nations. South Africa must not equivocate any longer. The clarifications promised the Secretary-General by the end of the month must indicate beyond doubt South Africa's willingness to comply with Security Council requirements. 71. The New Zealand Government firmly rejects the recent elections as null and void. These elections are incompatible with a geniune, internationally acceptable solution in accordance with Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 72. South Africa's recent tactics are only a continuation of a long and disma! history of defiance of the decisions of the United Nations regarding Namibia. South Africa has been playing for time because it is reluctant to face the verdict of the people of Namibia in properly supervised, free elections. But time is running out. South Africa will have to make up its nimd, once and for all, which path it wishes to follow: that of continued defiance of the will of the international community as expressed thrGugh the Security Council, or that of full co-operaticn with the United Nations. South Africa must not equivocate any longer. The clarifications promised the Secretary-General by the end of the month must indicate beyond doubt South Africa's willingness to comply with Security Council requirements. 73. My Government has supported the persistent and arduous efforts of the fiveWesternmembers of the Security Council to achieve an internationally acceptable, peaceful transition to independence for Namibia. We were pleased to observe the endorsement of these efforts and the adoption of the Western proposals by the Security Council in 73. My Government has supported the persistent and arduous efforts of the five Western members of the Security Council to achieve an internationally acceptable, peaceful transition to indGpendence for Namibia. We were pleased to observe the endorsement of these efforts and the adoption of the Western proposals by the Security Council in 74. It is because we recognize that the Security :Council has this vital role that we have difficulty with elenlents in t1(:O of the draft resolutions before us, which will oblige us to abstain in the vote on them. 75. We shall support the third draft, A/33/L.15, although, as we have made clear in the past, we do not recognize SWAPO as the sole representative of the Namibian people. Specifically, we cannot endorse an encroachment by the General Assembly on the functions ofthe Security Council contrary to the Charter, in particular paragraph 1 of its Article 12. We believe that operative paragraph 13 of draf! resolutioJl A/33/L.13 and operative paragraphs 7, 8 and 9 of draft resolution A/33/L.14 amount to such an encroachment. We regret this becaus\.\ ill. our view it would be a significar.t step if the General Assembly were ab:G at this point to adopt resolutions unanimously. That indeed would bring home to South Africa the solid deterntination of the international community to brook South Africa's delaying tactics and its defiance liO lo.•ger. 76. My delegation has consistently taken the viewt imposition of mandatory sanctions is a matter for d by the Security Council in accordance with the Char have frequently affirmed, and we now reaffirm commitment to implement action, including eco sanctions, agreed to by the Council. 77. In the view of the New Zealand Government,it Africa refuses to co-operate with the United Natio continues to defy the Security Council, the Counc well be obliged to consider taking action under the r provisions of the Charter, including Chapter VII t We hope that such a step willnot prove necessary.W that the South African Government will, before the this month, respond to appeals for reason and mod and that it will choose the path of co-operatio abandon that of defiance. 76. My delegation has consistently taken the view that the imposition of mandatory sanctions is a matter for decision by the Security Council in accordance with the Charter. We have frequently affirmed, and we now reaffirm, our comlT'ltment to implement action, including economic sanctions, agreed to by the Council.

In the sta made on behalf of the nine States members European Community, the representative of the F Republic of Germany has confirmed our 'Jew th recent elections in Namibia are null and void. The d by the South African Government to go ahead with elections in disregard of world opinion has caused resentment and dismay, for it is clear that, witho participation of all political groupings in Namibia and fair elections under the supervision of the Nations, a further escalation of violence and blood inevitable. 77. In the view of the New Zealand Government, it South Africa refuses to co-operate with the United Nations and continues to defy the Security Council, the Council may well be obliged to consider taking action under the relevant provisions of the Charter, including Chapter VII thereof. We hope that such a step will not prove necessary. We hope that the South African Government will, befor~ the end of this month, respond to appeals for re~son and moderation and that it will choose the path of co-operation and abandon that of defiance.

In the statement made on behalf of the nine States members of the European Community, the representative of the Federal Republic of Germany has confirmed our •iew that the recent elections in Namibia are null and void. The decision by the South African Government to go ahead with those elections in disregard of world opinion has caused strong resentment and dismay, for it is clear that, without the participation of all political groupings in Namibia in free and fair elections under the supervision of the United Nations, a further escalation of violence and bloodshed is inevitable. 79. The Netherlands Government urges the South Government once again to co-operate with the Nations in the implementation of the relevant reso of the Security Council. The prospect of a peaceful s has not yet disappeared, and the efforts of the fiveW members of the Security Council to bring about solution require all the support and encouragement t General Assemblycan provide. 79. The Netherlands Government urges the South African Government once again to co-operate with the United Nations in the implementation of the relevant resolutions of the Security Council. The prospect of a peaceful solution has not yet disappeared, and the efforts of the five Western membeTS of the Security Council to bring about such a solution require all the support and encouragement that the General Assembly can provide. 81. As for the mandatory sanctions requested in operative paragraph 13 of draft resolution A/33/L.13 and operative paragraphs 7 and 8 of draft resolution A/33/L.14, my Government is of the opinion that such measures are not yet called for-that is, for as long as the efforts of the five Western members of the Security Council are still in progress. However, I want to leave no doubt about the fact that, in case these efforts should finally and definitively fail, the Netherlands Government will support appropriate and effective action by the Security Council. 81. As for the mandatory sanctions requested in operative paragraph 13 of draft resolution A/33/L.13 and operative paragraphs 7 and 8 of draft resolution A/33/L.14, my Government is of the opinion that such measures are not yet called for-that is, for as long as the efforts of the five Western members of the Security Council are still in progress. However, I want to leave no doubt about the fact that, in case these efforts should finally and defL'1itively fail, the Netherlands Government will support appropriate and effective action by the Security Council. 82. For the reasons stated above, my delegation will abstain in the vote on draft resolutions A/33/L.13 and A/33/L.14. However, my delegation has decided, in spite of certain objections, to vote in favour of draft resolution A/33/L.15.

The long and extensive general debate we held on agenda item 27, has clearly brought forth one undeniable fact: that there exists a broad intemational consensus on Namibia's transition to majority rule, self-determination and independence, as well as on the best and most promising way to achieve that transition in a peaceful, constructive and negotiated manner. 82. For the reasons stated above, my delegation will abstain in the vote on draft resolutions A/33/L.13 and A/33/L.14. However, my delegation has decided, in spite of certain objections, to vote in favour of draft resolution A/33/L.15. 84. That being so, the Austrian delegation considers it all the more regrettable that the draft resolutions now before us do not adequately reflect the spirit of consensus so clearly established during the debate on the item. Austria, though firmly committed to our common aim of an independent Namibia, de .1S it necessary to refer to its well-known position with regard to welcoming armed struggle in resolutions of the United Nations. Austria also has reservations as to the prejudging of the outcome of the issues of which the Security Council is seized and stays seized in this regard.

The long and extensive general debate we held on agenda item 27, has clearly brought forth one undeniable fact: that there exists a broad intemational consensus un Namibia's transition to majority rule, self-determination and independence, as well as on the best and most promising way to achieve that transition in a peaceful, constructive and negotiated manner. 84. That being so, the Austrian delegation considers it all the more regrettable that the draft resolutions now before us do not adequately reflect the spirit of consensus so clearly established during the debate on the item. Austria, though firmly committed to our common aim of an independent Namibia, de· .1S it necessary to refer to its well-known position with regard to welcoming armed struggle in resolutions of the United Nations. Austria also has reservations as to the prejudging of the outcome of the issues of which the Security Council is seized and stays seized in this regard. 85. Furthermore, Austria interprets the formulation contained in the eighth preambular paragraph of draft resolution A/33/L.15 to imply the necessary confirmation through free and democratic elections under ir.ternational supervision. 86. ·Mr. BUENO (Brazil): The Brazilian ~..legation favours the adoption of the three drafts before the Assembly and will vote for them. We have doubts, however, about the language of some of the paragraphs of the drafts, which seems to us excessivein relation to parties other than South Africa as well as in relation to possible constitutional 85. Furthermore, Austria interprets the formulation contained in the eighth preambular paragraph of draft resolution A/33/L.l5 to imply the necessary confirmation through free and democratic elections under ir.ternational supervision. 86. "Mr. BUENO (Brazil): The Brazilian ~..legation favours the adoption of the three drafts before the Assembly and will vote for them. We have doubts, however, about the language of some of the paragraphs of the drafts, which seems to us e,xcessive in relation to parties other than South Africa as well as in relation to possible constitutional 88. I wish to say very firmly that Australia looks to South Africa to co-operate fully and faithfully with the Secretary-General in implementing the settlement plan approved by the Security Council in its resolution 435 (1978). My Government beli~ves that the Security Council proposals on Namibia represent a critically important United Nations initiative and that the South African Government should move to show its good faith by agreeing without further delay to co-operate in the implementation of those proposals. 89. As for the elections recently conduc the South African Government, the Aust does not recognize them as being co settlement proposals of the Security Coun joins with other delegations, including a Security Council, in regarding and reject as null and void, as they are incompatibl Nations proposals for an international tlement and run counter to the effort Council to bring about such a settlement. 89. As for the elections recently conducted in Namibia by the South African Government, the Australian Government does not recognize them as being consistent with the settlement proposals Cif the Security Council. My delegation joins with other delegations, including all memhem of the Security Council, in regarding and rejecting those elections as null ~ild void, as they are incompatible with the United Nations proposals for an internationally acceptab!~ settlement and run counter to the efforts of the Se{.urity Council to bring about such a settlement. 90. Australia has expressed its reserv years on the catf"~orization of SWAPO authentic representative of the Namibia of course, is a major voice promoting Na but we believe that no indigenous Namib should be excluded from the constitutio to a genuinely independent and united N 91. I should also reiterate the Austral any endorsement of the use of armed the ends which we allhope may be brough means. I would also refer to the Aus expressed in this debate last year on ref questions and to Walvis Bay.7 There aspects of A/33/L.13 and A/33/L.14 wh believes should more appropriately be Security Council. 90. Australia has expressed its reservations in p~~vious years on the catf'"~orization of SWAPO as the sole and authentic represe1'l~ative of the Namibian people. ""~VAPO, of course, is a major voice promoting Namibian aspirations, but we believe that no indigenous Namibian political forces should be excluded from the constitutional process leading to a genuinely independent and united Namibia. 91. I should also reiterate the Australian re~ervatioIll on any endorsement of the use of armed struggle to achieve the ends which we all hope may be brought aboutby peacefUl • means. I would also refer to the Australian position as expressed in this debate last year on references to nuc1ear questions and to Walvis Bay.7 There are certain other aspects of A/33/L.13 and A/33/L.14 which my delegation believes should more appropriately be dealt with by the Security Council. " 92. Finally, I wish to reaffirm that Aust the current· Security Council initiative looks to the South African Government in any way. My delegation joins with al that all obstacles standing in the way . people's free determination of their ow free elections under United Nations supe must be removed.

T tion will vote in favour of the three on Namibia because their general thrust accordance with our position of principl 92. Finally, I wish to reaffirm that Australia fully supports the current· Security Council initiative on Namibia and looks to the South African Government nOot to obstruct it in any way. My delegation joins with all others in insisting that all obstacle:; ::c.anding in the way of the Namibian people's free determination of their own future through free elections under United Nations supervision and control must be removed.

The Lesotho delegation will vote lJl favour of the three draft resolutions on Namibia because their general thrust and purpose are in accordance with our position of principle with reference to

The delegation of the Ivory Coast will vote in favour of these three draft resolutions now before us. How- ~ver, we wish to emphasize the fact that wehave reservations on paragraph 13 of draft resolution A/33/L.13 and paragraphs 7 and 8 of draft re~olution A/33/L.14. The situation in Namibia which, given the geopolitics ofsouthern Africa, has exactly the same context as the situation in Rhodesia, is one that has always be.m of concern to the Ivory Coast. The same relationship exists between the administering Power and Southern Rhodesia, and the administering Power and South West Africa, or, as we say, Namibia, with this one difference, namely, that in the first case-and history will record our appreciation of this-the administering Power, the United Kingdom, has granted independence, complete liberation and freedom for hundreds of millions of people who earlier were colonized. In contrast, South Africa is constantly flouting public opinion and the views of the international community. We can see, then, that the efforts that we must make should not be brought to an end, and we would certainly be of the opinion that Chapter VII of the Charter should be invoked if we were certain that its immediate implementation could bring about the desired outcome. 95. I just mentioned the case of Rhodesia. As we know, on 10 November 1965 Ian Smith unilaterally proclaimed the independence of Southern Rhodesia. Since then, 13 years have elapsed. We know that the anger of the international community was made known immediately: the United Nations imposed sanctions; the administering Power broke off political and economic relations with Rhodesia. Yet 13 years have elapsed and Ian Smith le still flouting international opinion, the views of all of free Africa, the views of the United Nations and those of the Organization of AfricanUnity[OAU]. 95. I just mentioned the case of Rhodesia. As we know, on 10 November 1965 Ian Smith unilaterally proclaimed the independellce of Snuthern Rhodesia. Since then, 13 years have elapsed. We know that the anger of the international community was made known immediately: the United Nations imposed sanctions; the administering Power broke off political and economic relations with Rhodesia. Yet 13 years have elapsed and Ian Smith i~ still flouting international opinion, the views of all of free Africa, the views of the United Nations an:i those of the Organization of African Unity [OAU]. 96. What sanctions were imposed? Certainly a great many resolutions were adopted here in this forum, but what has been their effect on Southern Rhodesia? We should like to be guided by that reality and to ensure that we do not adopt unconsidered attitudes or positions without being convinced of our ability to implement the very sanctions we may decide to impose. 97. Therefore, in so far as there is some hope, in so far as there is still a chance to achieve something through dialogue-because, as we always say here, the Ivory Coast strongly believes in dialogue, which is almost our religion-in so far as all links have not been broken with South Africa, my delegation is here addressing that appeal to the West to continue working along the tines that the Western Powers have chosen, pursuant to Security Council resolutions 385 (1976), 431 (1978), 435 (1978) and 439 (1978). We also appeal to the United Nations and the Secretary-General to redouble their efforts to ensure that we can find a solution to this tragic businessand finally we 96. What sanctions were imposed? Certainly a great many resolutions were adopted here in this forum, but what has been their effect on Southern Rhodesia? We should like to be guided by that reality and to ensure that we do not adopt unconsidered attitudes or positions without being convinced of our ability to implement the very sanctions we may decide to impose. 97. Therefore, in so far as there is some hope, in so far as there is still a chance to achieve something through dialogue-because, as we always say here, the Ivory Coast strongly believes in dialogue, which is almost our religion-in so far as all links have not been broken with South Africa, my delegation is here addressing that appeal to the West to continue working along the tines that the Western Powers have chosen, pursuant to Security Council resolutions 385 (1976), 431 (1978), 435 (1978) and 439 (1978). We also appeal to the United Nations and the Secretary-General to redouble their efforts to ensure that we can find a solution to this tragic business and finally we 7? '] !Of ) y.

This year we are once again discussing the question of Namibia because of the continued illegal presence of South Africa in that United Nations Trust Territory. This continues to be one of the most serious problems that this Organization has to deal with, and the longer South Africa continues to pretend to have any role there other than that of a usurper, the more complicated the problem becomes. 98. The Ivory Coast is still willing to make every effort to continue our co-operation tirelessly, so that at last we may fmd a solution, the solution desired by everybody, so as to ensure complete liberation and the enjoyment of all human rights, not the rights of those who are hungry and dying, but quite simply the human rights that are contained in the Charter of the United Nations as the international community understands them: freedom and peace. 100. Until last year South Africa appeared determined to carve out bantustans in Namibia, a policy which now appears to have been modified somewhat through the Turnhalle groups. Those groups have been built up by the pretender regime of South Africa as puppet forces for opposing the United Nations.

This year we are once again discussing the question of Namibia because of the continued illegal presence of South Africa in that United Nations Trust Territory. This continues to be one of the most serious problems that this Organization has to deal with, and the longer South Africa continues to pretend to have any role there other than that of a usurper, the more complicated the problem becomes. 101. Through a vigorous campaign of terrorism, falsification and deception, South Africa appears to have raised a sizeable group in Namibia which now believes that the United Nations, which has supported SWAPO in the struggle against the illegal occupation, is now the real enemy of Namibia. 100. Until last year South Africa appeared determined to carve out bantustans in Namibia, a policy which now appears to have been modified somewhat through the Turnhalle groups. Those groups have been built up by the pretender regime of South Africa as puppet forces for opposing the United Nations. 102. We have to recognize that there is nothing new in this tactic. Indeed, it is the common experience of most countries which have gone through the decolonization process. So many examples of colonizing Powers dividing and deceiving their victims readily spring to mind that it is not necessary to recount them. 101. Through a vigorous campaign of terrorism, falsification and deception, South Africa appears to have raised a sizeable group in Namibia which now believes that the United Nations, which has supported SWAPO in the struggle against the illegal occupation, is now the real enemy of Namibia. 103. In this situation the United Nations has a duty to continue to take appropriate measuresagainstSouth Africa until the illegal occupation of Namibiais brought to an end. While continuing to take such strong measures as it is capable of to end the illegal occupation, the United Nations should recognize the distortion which seeks to turn the people of Namibia against the United Nations and the action that may be taken to counteract it. The United Nations responsibility is heavy and the task is complicated by the enemy's obvious opportunity to divide the United Nations itself as well as the people of Namibia.The United Nations must be prepared to meet these new tactics and adopt a more resolute stance againstSouth Africa until the illegaloccupation is brought to an end. 102. We have to recognize that there is nothing new in this tactic. Indeed, it is the common experience of most countries which have gone through the decolonization process. So many examples of colonizing Powers dividing and deceiving their victinlS readily spring to mind that it is not necessary to recount them. 103. In this situation the United Nations has a duty to continue to take appropriate measares against South Africa /.mtil the illegal occupation of Namibia is brought to an end. While continuing to take such strong measures as it is capable of to end the illegal occupation, the United Nations should recognize the distortion which seeks to turn the people of Namibia against the United Nations and the action that may be taken to counteract it. The United Nations responsibility is heavy and the task is complicated by the enemy's obvious opportunity to divide the United Nations itself as well as the people of Namibia. The United Nations must be prepared to meet these new tactics and adopt a more resolute stance against South Africa until the illegal occupation is brought to an end. 104. The United Nations support for SWAPO and the United Nations Council for Namibia must not waver. Coercive and oppressive measures employed by South Africa against the people of Namibia Will, we Ixheve, not succeed in making them mistake the real enemy in the fmal stagesof the struggle. 104. The United Nations support for SWAPO and the United Nations Council for Namibia musi not waver. Coercive and oppressive measures employed by South Africa against the people of Namibia will, we Ix lieve, not succeed in making them mistake the real enemy in the fmal stages of the struggle. 106. The five friends of South Mrica should, therefore, avoid taking positions which either depict them Cb incredibly naive or as accomplices of what is happening in Namibia now. The need for clear leadership in dealing with the problem of Namibia is greatest now, but we must admit with disappomtment that the effort of the five countries does not offer any hope. To cling to the illusion that a peaceful solution can still be worked out with South Mrica is a waste of time and only gives the enemy time to create a regime in Namibia that will be so dependent on South Mrica for its survival that the United Nations will be forced to continue the struggle against South Mrica even if it successfully installs a puppet regime wearing a Namibian mask. This problem must be recognized now and appro- 107. That is why we are opposed to the so-calledinternal elections, cynically described by South Africa as a process of electing Namibian leaders who would later be foisted on the United Nations and placed between it and South Africa. My delegation cannot be a party to this hypocrisy and tI'icKery. South Africa has no mandate in Namibia ana must be forced out without any delay. The negotiations that have been going on since last year must be seen as negotiations with a terrorist regime that is holding Namibia hostage and they will not confer any legitimacy on the illegal occupation ofNamibia, however long it lasts. pria~p. steps taken to prevent its becoming a reality in the near future. 107. That is why we are opposed to the so-called internal elections, cynically described by South Mrica as a process of electing Namibian leaders who would later be foisted on the United Nations and placed between it and South Mrica. My delegation cannot be a party to this hypocrisy and tI'icKery. South Africa has no mandate in Namibia ana must be forced out without any delay. The negotiations that have been going on since last year must be seen as negotiations with a terrorist regime that is holding Namibia hostage and they will not confer any legitimacy on the illegal occupation ofNamibia, however long it lasts. 108. We believe that the United Nations exhausted the search for a peaceful solution of the problem long ago and that the only alternative open to this Organization isthe imposition of mandatory sanctions against South Africa in an all-out effort to eliminate its illegal occupation of the Territory. The United Nations, through the Security Council, has a direct and clear duty in this matter. 109. The General Assemblyshould, therefore, recommend urgent action by the Security Council in the matter. My delegation is ready to support any action in this direction and will vote for all three draft resolutions before the General Assembly. 108. We believe that the United Nations exhausted the search for a peaceful solution of the problem long ago and that the only alternative open to this Organization is'the imposition of mandatory sanctions against South Mrica in an all-out effort to eliminate its illegal occupation of the Territory. The "United Nations, through the Security Council, has a direct and clear duty in this matter. 110. It is our sincere 'hope that a lasting solution will be found for this problem in the coming year and, despite all indications to the contrary, we hope to welcome the people of Namibia to this Assembly, as a free, sovereign and independent people, in the coming year. 109. The General Assembly should, therefore, recommend urgent action by the Security Council in the matter. My delegation is ready to support any action in this direction and will vote for all three draft resolutions before the General Assembly.

The Finnish delegation, as a member of the United Nations Council for Namibia, will vote in favour of the three draft resolutions submitted on 110. It is our sincere 'hope that a lasting solution will be found for this problem in the coming year and, despite all indications to the contrary, we hope to welcome the people of Namibia to this Assembly, as a free, sovereign and independent people, in the coming year.

The Finnish delegation, as a member of the United Nations Council for Namibia, will vote in favour of the three draft resolutions submitted on 112. By adopting resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), the Security Council has created the basis for a peaceful and internationally acceptable transition to independence and international recognition for Namibia through electioI1S under United Nations supervision and control. 113. In their statement of 15 December which has been issued as a General Assembly document {A/33/ 5J8-8/12969J, the Governments of the five Nordic countries demanded that South Africa fully contribute towards the implementation of free and democratic elections in which all political parties, including SWAPO, can participate on an equal footing. The Nordic Governments further stated that should South Mrica continue to refuse to co-operate with the United Nations, the Security Council must use all necessary means in accordance with the Charter, including effective international sanctions, to make South Mrica accept the United Nations plan for Namibia. 114. It is well known that over the taken several concrete initiatives to people in its struggle for independ Government has stressed its readiness Nations in the implementation of Secu tion 435 (1978), including the provisi tion of a contingent of troops for Transition Assistance Group, should th to its establishment as a part of a nego settlement. 114. It is well known that over the years Finland has taken several concrete initiatives to help the Namibian people in its struggle f')r independence. The Finnish Government has stressed its readiness to assist the United Nations in the implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), including the provision to the Organization of a contingent of troops for the United Nations Transition Assistance Group, should the developments lead to its establishment as a part of a negotiated and peaceful settlement. 115. My Government has not as yet a such a solution may still be possible, d disheartening and dismaying indications 116. In fully supporting the main thr the three draft resolutions, we must certain reservations which are in fact a this Organization. 11-7. Finland has consistently expres viction that the United Nations must d peaceful solutions to the question o negotiations. This is a position of princ obviously remains unchanged. Consequ to accept the condoning of armed stru endorse paragraphs that are in cont aim-except in those cases that are cle Charter. Furthermore, there are a nu which touch on the division of comp Security Council and the General Ass which, in our opinion, is not consiste Nations Charter. The views of my G respect are well known and need no fu this time. 115. My Government has not as yet abandoned hope that such a solution may still be possible, despite a number of disheartening and dismaying indications to the contrary. 116. In fully supporting the main thrust and purpose of the three draft resolutions, we must, however, express certain reservations which are in fact a matter of record in this Organization. 11-7. Finland has consistently expressed its strong conviction that the United Nations must do its utmost to seek peaceful solutions to the question of Namibia through negotiations. This is a position of principle and, therefore, obviously remains unchanged. Consequently, we are unable to accept the ~ondoning of armed struggle and we cannot endorse paragraphs that are in contradiction with this aim-except in those cases that are clearly defmed in the Charter. Furthermore, there are a number of provisions which touch on the division of competence between the Security Council and the General Assembly in a manner which, in our opinion, is not consistent with the United Nations Charter. The views of my Government in this respect are well known and need no further elaboration at this time.

The problem which concerns tions A/33/L.13, A/33/L.14 and A question of NamibiaIs, in my delegatio importance for the international comm

The problem which concerns us in d~ft resolutions A/33/L.13, A/33/L.14 and A/33/L.15 on the question of Namibia,is, in my delegation's opinion, ofvital importance for the international community, because it is 119. The case of Mozambique and its liberation movement, FRELIMO,s of Guinea-Bissau and the PAIGC,9 and of many other countries and liberation movements are there to prove that only armed struggle can bring the colonialists to recognize their inalienable right to independence, freedom and sovereignty. 120. It is far too late to tell us that we should not consider SWAPO the sole legitimate representative of the Namibian people, because those who have made official statements to that effect here are the very ones who from this rostrum invited the international community to endorse a' plan based, above all, on the consent of SWAPO, at that time recognized as the sole authentic spokesman. Now that the plan has been endorsed they are trying to remove the spokesman recognized yesterday and to replace it with puppets of I know not what Tumhalle faction. 119. The case of Mozambique and its liberation movement, FRELIMO,s of Guinea·Bissau and the PAIGC,9 and of many other countries and liberation movements are there to prove that only armed struggle can bring the colonialists to recognize their inalienable right to independence, freedom and sovereigntY. 120. It is far too late to tell us that we should not consider SWAPO the sole legitimate representative of the Namibian people, because those who have made official statements to that effect here are the very ones who fmm this rostrum invited the international community to endorse a' plan based, above all, on the consent of SWAPO, at that time recognized as the sole authentic spokesman. Now that the plan has been endorsed they are trying to remove the spokesman recognized yesterday and to replace it with puppets of I know not what Tumhalle faction. 121. We ~'1erstand the manoeuvre very well. Of one thing we are certain, however: neither SWAPO nor Africa will be deceived. The Namibian question is an African problem, and the OAU has pronounced itself on it, recognizing SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. It Is not because one or two delegations still refuse to recognize SWAPO as such, that the international community, which has accorded it observer status at the United Nations, should be induced to deny to it the fruits of its struggle: namely, the recognition of its status as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. 121. We ~'1eIStand the manoeuvre very well. Of one thing we are certain, however: neither SWAPO nor Africa will be deceived. The Namibian question is an African problem, and the OAU has pronounced itself on it, recognizing SWAPO as the sole and authentic repre~entative of the Namibian people. It ic; not because one or two delegations still refuse to recognize SWAPO as such, that the international commui1ity, which has accorded it observer status at the United Nations, should be induced to deny to it the fruits of its struggle: namely, the recognition of its status as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. 122. Security Council resolutions 385 (1976),431 (1978), 435 (1978) and 439 (1978) all implicitly recognize the illegality of the savage repression which South Africa has been inflicting on the Namibian people. And yet all that is taking place at a time when we are talking ofhuman rights and while attempts are being made to halt the executioner's axe in Namibia, were it not for human rights considerations no one would evenlift his little finger to make South Africa desist. Those who are determined here to convince us that South Mrica is prepared to follow the plan for the so-called peaceful settlement of the Namibian problem are the very same people who today are carrying out manoeuvres to confuse international public opinion, 122. Security Council resolutions 385 (1976), 431 (1978), 435 (1978) and 439 (1978) all implicitly recognize the illegality of the savage repress~on which South Africa has been inflicting on the Narnibian people. And yet all that is taking place at a time when we are talking of human rights and whlle attempts are being made to halt the executioner's axe in Namibia, were it not for human rights considerations no one would even lift his little finger to make South Africa desist. Those who are determined here to convince us that South Mrica is prepared to follow the plan for the so-called peaceful settlement of the Narnibian problem are the very same people who today are carrying out manoeuvres to confuse international public opini~n. -- S" Frente de IJ.Derta~bde Mo~bique. 9 Partido Africano daIndependaneia da Guine e Cabo Verde. s"Frente de Liberta~b de Mo~bique. 9 Partido Africano daIndependenela da Guine e Cabo Verde.

The Assembly will now proceed to take a decision on draft resolution A/33/L.13 and Add.l, entitled "Situation in Namibia' resulting from the illegal occupation of 'the Territory by South Africa". A recorded vote has been requested.

Draft resolution A/33/L.15 and Add.l is entitled "Programme or-work of the United Nations Council for Namibia". I shall now put it to the vote. A recorded vote has been requested. Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Gennany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America

Draft resolution A/33/L.15 and Add.! is entitled "Programme of'work of the United Nations Council for Namibia". I shall now put it to the vote. A recorded veta has been requested. 129. The PRESIDENT (interpretatio shall now call on those representatives their vote after the vote. Against: None Abstaining: Canada, France, Gennany, Federal Repub- lic of, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America

In his on behalf of the nine member Stat Community, the representative of the Gennany outlined the common po countries on the question of Namibia. is in full agreement with that statemen those views but only address myself to adopted.

I shall now call on those representatives who wish to explain their vote after the vote. 131. I should like also to refer to t December 197~ of the five Nordi Namibia, which has been circulated a General Assembly and the Securi 518-S/12969J.

In his explanation'of vote on behalf of the nine member States of the European Community, the representative of the Federal Republic of Gennany outlined the common position of the nine countries on the question of Namibia. Since my delegation is in full agreement with that statement, I shall not repeat those views but only address myself to the resolutions just adopted. 132. My delegation abstained in the v tions A/33/L.13 and A/33/L.14 and i A/33/L.15~However, some of our rese three texts. 131. I should like also to refer to the statement of 15 December 1978 of the five Nordic Governments on Namibia, which has been circulated as a document of the General Assembly and the Security Council [A/33/ 518-S/12969J. 133. It is the position of Denmark with the Charter of the United Nation to conflicts" should be sought. We ther . paragraphs explicitly endorsing the u Sinillarly we have always interpreted th means" as meaning "by all peaceful me 132. My delegation abstained in the vote on draft resolutions A/33/L.13 and A/33/L.14 and it voted in favour of A/33/L.15~However, some of our reservations relate to all three texts. 133. It is the position of Denmark that, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, peaceful solutions to conflicts' should be sought. \Ve therefore cannot accept , paragraphs p.xplicitly endorsing the use of armed force. Sinillarly we have always interpreted the expression "by all means" as meaning "by all peaceful means". 136. We also have reservations with regard to a number of paragraphs in all three resolutions which,in our view,fail to take into account fundamental Charter provisions with regard to the division of competence between the General Assemblyand the Security Council. 135. Denmark cannot associate itself with the thirteenth preambular paragraph of document A/33/L.13. In our opinion, the important efforts of the five Western members of the Security Council could not have been carried out if those countries had not maintained relations with South Mrica.

My Government has never wavered in its condemnation of South Africa for that country's failure to relinquish its illegal occupation of Namibia. The flagrant contempt shown by South Africain resisting the will of the international community on this matter is an unjust and dangerous strategy. IUs with both sadness and outrage that my Government has monitored the continuing denial of basichuman and political rights to the people of Namibia by the illegal South African administration there. My Government wishes to restate its strongly held view that the people of Namibiamust be free to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination on the basis of territorial integrity. The illegal presence of South Africa in that Territory must be terminated without further procrastination on the part of the South African Government. In this regard, I fully share the sentiments expressed by the representative of the Federal Republic of Germany in his statement to this Assembly today on behalf of the nine member States of the European Economic Community. 136. We also have reseIVations with regard to a number of paragraphs in all three resolutions which, in our view, fail to tak~ into account fundamental Charter provisions with regard to the division of competence between the General Assembly and the Security Council.

My Government has never wavered in its condemnation of South Africa for that country's failure to relinquish its illegal occupation of Namibia. The flagrant contempt shown by South Mrica in resisting the will of the international community on this matter is an unjust and dangerous strategy. IUs with both sadness and outrage that my Government has monitored the continuing denial of basic human and political rights to the people of Namibia by the illegal South Mriran administration there. My Government wishes to restate its strongly held view that the people of Namibia must be free to exercise their inalienable right to self·determination on the basis of territorial integrity. The illegal presence of South Africa in that Territory must be terminated without further procrastination on the part of the South Mrican Government. In this regard, I fully share the sentiments expressed by the representative of the Federal Republic of Germany in his statement to this Assembly today on behalf of the nine member States of the European Economic Community. 138. My Government is fully conscious of the special responsibility of the United Nations for Namibia. We are glad to have been able to express this support by voting for draft resolution A/33/L.15. Through the United Nations Council for Namibia and through the programme of assistance under the United Nations Fund for Namibia,the Organization has been able to manifest its solidarity with the people of Namibia in a practical way. It is, of course, , my Government's understanding that primary responsibility for policy regarding Namibia rests with the General Assemblyand the Security Council. 138. My Government is fully conscious of the special responsibility uf the United Nations for Namibia. We are glad to have been able to express this support by voting for draft resolution A/33/L.15. Through the United Na~ons Council for Namibia and through the programme of assistance under the United Nations Fund for Namibia, the Organization has been able to manifest its solidarity with the people of Namibia in a practical way. It is, of course, , my Government's understanding that primary responsibility for policy regarding Namibia rests with the General Assembly and the Security Council. 139. In accordance with these views, we have particularly welcomed the action by the Security Council in recent years directed towards the achievement of self-determination for Namibia without further delay. We have noted the most constructive part played by SWAPO in this regard. It is imperative that there be no further delay in allowing the people of Namibia to participate in a free election so that they may, without hindrance or intimidation, freely determine their choice of representatives. 140. My Government would, therefore, have wished to have been able to support all the draft resolutions on this 139. In accordance with these views, we have particularly welcomed the action by the Security Council in recent years directed towards the achievement of self-determination for Namibia without further delay. We have noted the most constructive part played by SWAPO in this regard. It is imperative that there be no further delay in allowing the people of Namibia to participate in a free election so that they may, without hindrance or intimidation, freely determine their choice of representatives. 140. My Government would, therefore, have wished to have been able to support all the draft resolutions on this 141. We share the sense of urgency and frustration which inspired those who drafted the draft resolutions put before this Assembly, in particular- A/33/L.14. Our fear is that South Mrica may indeed have no intention ofco-operating with the United Nations in achieving a settlement on a basis acceptable to the international community. We feel, however, that in these critical weeks an~when the Security Council is shortly to meet again to conSider the situation, we should not at this juncture endorse the course of action advocated in A/33/L.14. Let there be no doubt, however, that my Government will support resolute action, if and when it is clear that SotiL;' Mrica has definitely closed the door on the achievement by Namibia of self-determination and independence on the basis of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978).

My delegation voted in favour of draft resolutions A/33/L.13 and A/33/L.15 just adopted by the General Assembly, although we maintain reservations on some specificelements contained in them as regards the singling out of groups of countries and certain matters of a legal nature. My delegation also would have liked to vote in favour of draft resolution A/33/L.14, considering that in the past we have always supported principles similar to those embodied in that draft resolution. Unfortunately, that did not prove possible in viewof the wordingofsome provisionsof that draft resolution.

My delegation voted in favour of draft resolutions A/33/L.13 and A/33/L.15 just adopted by the General Assembly, although we maintain reservations on some specific elements contained in them as regards the singling out of groups of countries and certain matters of a legal nature. My delegation also would have liked to vote in favour of draft resolution A/33/L.14, considering that in the past we have always supported principles similar to those embodied in that draft resolution. Unfl)rtunately, that did not prove possible in view of the wording of som~ provisions of that draft resolution. 143. In conclusion, I wish, however, to stress once more our continued support for ajust and lastingsolution of the question of Namibia which will fully ensure the exerciseby the Namibian people of its right to self-determination and independence in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and relevant resolutions.

By voting in favour of all the draft resolutions on the question of Namibia, the Norwegian Government wanted to demonstrate its full support for the urgent demand of the international community that South Africa co-operate unconditionally with the Secretary-General and the United Nations in the implementation of the relevant Security Councilresolutions and, in particular, resolution 435 (1978). Further obstruction by South Africa on the question of Namibiacannot be accepted. That view also expressed in a joint statement by the Nordic Governments issuedon 15 December this year and later circulated as a document of both tile General Assembly and the Security Council [A/33/518-S/12960]. 143. In conclusion, I wish, however, to stress once more our continued support for ajust and lasting solution of the question of Namibia which will fully ensure the exercise by the Namibian people of its riwt to self-determination and independence in confOrmity with the Charter of the United Nations and relevant resolutions.

By voting in favour of all the draft resolutions on the question of Namibia, the Norwelrlan Government wanted to demonstrate its full mpport for the urgent demand of the international community that South Mrica co-operate unconditionally with the Secretary-General and the United Nations in the implementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions and, in particular, resolution 435 (1978). Further obstruction by South Mrica on the question of Namibia cannot be accepted. That view also expressed in a joint statement by the Nordic Governments issued on 15 December this year and later circulated as a document of both tile General Assembly and the Security Council [A/33/51IJ.S/12960j. 145. In respect of some paragraphs in the re.olutlonsjust adopted, the Norwegian Government wishes to reiterate its well-known and long-standing position of principle in favour of political change by. peaceful means. The Norwegian Government has~ain reservations also as regards some other paragraphs, and wishesin particular to reiterate its full support for an internationally acceptable settlement in Namibia, allowing for free and fair elections under 145. In respect of some paragrnphsin the re:.olutions just adopted, the Norwegian Government wishes to reiterate its well·known and long-standing position of principle in favour of political change by. peaceful means. The Norwegian Government has~ain reservations also as regards some other paragraphs, and wishes in particular to reiterate its full support for an internationally acceptable settlement in Namibia, allowing for free and fair elections under 148. Having said this, however, I also want to assure the Assembly that my delegation has consistently supported the work of the Council for Namibia and we wish to praise the Council's performance under the excellent leadership provided by its President, Ambassador GwendoIine C. Konie of Zambia. My delegation wishes to take this opportunity to state that we sincerely hope that the International Year of Solidarity with the People of Namibia, proclaimed by the resolution, will proceed successfully. We wish also to reiterate our determination to make every effort to increase substantially our voluntary contribution to the various United Nations funds concerned with Namibia. 147. I should also like to state that, while we voted i..1 favour of draft resolution A/33/L.15, our affirmative vote does not mean that my delegation accepts all the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia. 148. Having said this, however, I also want to assure the Assembly that my delegation has consistently supported the work of the Council for Namibia and we wish to praise the Council's performance under the excellent leadership provided by its President, Ambassador Gwendoline C. Konie of Zambia. My delegation wishes to take this opportunity to state that we sincerely hope that the International Year of Solidarity with the People of Namibia, proclaimed by the resolution, will proceed successfully. We wish also to reiterate our determination to make every effort to increase substantially our voluntary contribution to the various United Nations funds concerned with Namibia.

The delegation of Uruguay voted in favour of draft resolutions A/33/LJ3, A/33/L.14 and A/33/L.15, in order to support the positive objectives they pursue. However, we wish to express our reservations on some of the paragraphs ofthose resolutions. 150. Without detriment to the right of each people to exhaust every possible resource to achieve independence, my delegation does not deem it relevant for resolutions issued by an organization created to serve peace to institutionalize armed struggle. Furthermore, we deem it hasty to recognize a sole representative of the people of Namibia. We consider that it is the people of Namibia who must in free elections decide who are to be their representatives.

The delegation o! Uruguay voted in favour of draft resolutions A/33/L.l3, A/33/L.14 and A/33/L.lS, in order to support the positive objectives they pursue. However, we wish to express our reservations on some of the paragraphs ofthose resolutions. 151. I wish to reiterate once again the broad support of my Government for the people of Namibia in obtaining their independence. Our support was expressed also at the time of the ninth special session of the General Assembly. At that time the Permanent Representative of Uruguay to the United Nations said: 150. Without detriment to the right of each people to exhaust every possible resource to achieve independence, my delegation does not deem it relevant for resolutions issued by an organization created to serve peace to institutionalize armed struggle. Furthermore, we deem it hasty to recognize a sole representative of the people of Namibia. We consider that it is the people of Namibia who must in free elections decide who are to be their representatives. "... we reaffirm that the occupation of Namibia is illegal and contrary to international law, and must come to an end, as must racial discrimination in that country. We reaffirm that the United Nations is responsible for effectively administering that Territory on an interim basis until such time as, through a system of free elections under the direct supervision of the United Nations, its independent and sovereign fate may be determined, as a 151. I wish to reiterate once again the broad support of my Government for the people of Namibia in obtaining their independence. Our support was expressed also at the time of the ninth special session of the General Assembly. At that time the Permanent Representative of Uruguay to the United Nations said: "... we reaffirm that the occupation of Namibia is illegal and contrary to international law, an~ must come to an end, as must racial discrimination in that country. We reafimn that the United Nations is responsible for effectively administering that Territory on an interim basis until such time as, through a system offree elections under the direct supervision of the United Nations, its independent and sovereign fate may be determined, as a 152. The PRESIDENT (interpretation from Spanish)" I now call on the representative of SWAPO to make a statement.

Once again it is a great pleasure and an honour to be accorded an opportunity to address this Assembly. We do so in the knowledge and the conviction that we have an historic duty and responsibility to represent our oppressed people and to speak on their behalf whenever or wherever an occasion presents itself. We believe it is fitting and proper that we should make our voice heard at this stage as the General Assembly is winding up its consideration of the question of Namibia. 154. First, we wish to say som which has just taken place and struggle in Namibia. We must in gratitude and appreciation to thos stood behind us throughout the s solidarity with the legitimate s people under the leadership of S independence. The political suppo rendered to us by those coun invaluable and indispensable. In reassured of continued increased we forge ahead with the struggle. 154. First, we wish to say something about the voting which has just taken place and about its import for the struggle in Namibia. We must in all sincerity express our gratitude and appreciation to those delegations which have stood behind us throughout the struggle in support for and solidarity with the legitimate struggle of the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO for liberation and independence. The political support and material assistance rendered to us by those countries over the years are invaluable and indispensable. In this context w~ remain reassured of continued increased support and assistance as we fotge ahead with the struggle. 155. The affirmative votes just c regard as traditional friends of testimonies of their persistence a being counted on the side of free it is important, we wish specificall taken this morning by some of th countries have been known over t sive policies and humanitarian as indeed, to all the liberation move The fact that they have voted in fa some of whose provisions are in s their constitutional position and held throughout the years, is an in committed to supporting the strug we regard this as a clear and cate resounding rejection of the mach of the racist usurpers in Namibia secure international respectability tending to be sincere towards the co-operate with it in its efforts to 155. The affirmative votes just cast by countries which we regard as traditional friends of our struggle are positive testimonies of their persistence and their commitment to being counted on the side of freedom and justice. Because it is important, we wish specifically to point to the position taken this morning by some of the Nordic countries. These countries have been known over the years for their progressive policies and humanitarian assistance to SWAPO and, indeed, to all the liberation movements in southern Africa. The fact that they have voted in favour of these resolutions, some of whose provisions are in some respects contrary to their constitutional position and to principles they have held throughout the years, is an indication that they remain committed to supporting the struggle to the bitter end, and we regard this as a clear and categorical repudiation and a resounding rejeCtion of the machinations anq manoeuvres of the racist usurpers in Namibia in their vain attempts to secure international respectability and acceptance by pretending to be sincere towards the United Nations and to co-operate with it in its efforts to decolonize Namibia. 156. My next observation relates would under normal circumstance the draft resolutions but which certain difficulties-some of wh procedural and others political- 156. My next observation relates to those countries which would under normal circumstances have voted in favour of the draft resolutions but which could not do so owing to certain difficulties-some of which, we understand, are procedural and others political-which are beyond their 157. Then, there are those countries which have always remained recalcitrant, whatever the reasons or explanations given. Like some people, some countries do not change. The major Western Powers constitute that group of countries. They have once again found it difficult to go along with the manifest wish of the majority of the General Assembly. 158. Speaker after speaker has characterized the present South Africa's false claims and propaganda made in some official quarters and in the news media of certain Western countries to the effect that Namibians, during the recent rigged elections in Namibia, had an open choice and that they expressed themselves freely and voluntarily-in effect in favour of continued Fascist occupation and neo-colonial subjugation. This is adding insult to injury, and we dismiss those insinuations with the contempt and the scorn which they deserve. It is a desecration of the memory of the martyrs and heroes of our struggle and an attempt to denigrate the struggle being waged by the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO. IS8. Speaker after speaker have characterized the present situation in Namibia as critical and ominous and recommended immediate punitive action by the Security Council through the imposition of sanctions under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter to secure South Africa's compliance with its resolutions. We hope that the Security Council will in the near future act accordingly. 158. Speaker after speaker has characterized the present South Africa's false claims and propaganda made in some official quarters and in the news media of certain Western countries to the effect that Namibians, during the recent rigged elections in Namibia, had an open choice and that they expressed themselves freely and voluntarily-in effect in favour of continued Fascist occupation and neo-colonial subjugation. This is adding insult to injury, and we dismiss those insinuations with the contempt and the scorn which they deserve. It is a desecration of the memory of the martyrs and heroes of our struggle and an attempt to denigrate the struggle being waged by the Namibian people under the leadership of SWAPO. 160. What took place in Namibia from 4 to 8 December 1978 was nothing but a costly charade orchestrated to install the quislings and puppets of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance. That was predictable, and we pointed it out not once but many times. We were cautioned that we were jumping the gun, that in the foreseeable future South Africa would somehow turn around and co-operate with the United Nations. Weknow this is not true. 161. Our position on this matter is well known and we need not repeat it here. As a matter of fact, we stated it on the first day when the General Assembly began its consideration of the question of Namibia [74th meeting]. 160. What took place in Namibia from 4 to 8 December 1978 was nothing but a costly charade orchestrated to install the quislings and puppets of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance. That was predictable, and we pointed it out not once but many times. We were cautioned that we were jumping the gun, that in the foreseeable future South Mrica would somehow turn around and co-operate with the United Nations. We know this is not true. 162. However, to illustrate what we mean with regard to the quection of the holding of those elections, we wish, by invoking the painful memories of the Second World War, to underscore the similarities between the Nazi occupation of some Western European countries and the present occupation of Namibia by the South African Fascists. Suppose that Hitler's Fascist forces had wanted to conduct elections during the Second World War in those countries under occupation in order to test their popularity and their acceptance. They would probably-nay, certainly-have pulled off a successful feat, with impressive turn-outs of voters, and would no doubt have declared a resounding victory. Nobody in the Western world-outside the Nazi hegemony-would have accepted such an outcome, nor agreed that those were free, fair and democratic elections. 161. Our position on this matter is well known and we need not repeat it here. As a matter offact, we stated it on the first day when the General Assembly began its consideration of the question of Namibia [74th meeti.ng]. 162. However, to illustrate what we mean with regard to the que:tion of the holding of those elections, we wish, by invoking the painful memories of the Second World War, to underscore the similarities between the Nazi occupation of some Western European countries and the present occupation of Namibia by the South African Fascists. Suppose that Hitler's Fascist forces had wanted to conduct elections during the Second World War in those countries under occupation in order to test their popularity and their acceptance. They would probably-nay, certainly-have pulled off a successful feat, with impressive turn-outs of voters, and would no doubt have declared a resounding victory. Nobody in the Western world-outside the Nazi hegemony-would have accepted such an outcome, nor agreed that those were free, fair and democratic elections. 164. So we are therefore pleased to see that the General Assembly has joined the Security Council in rejecting those elections as null and void and has assumed the position of r.ot having anything to do with the results. 165. We should like to say the following about some of the statements made dUring ~he explanations of vote with regard to the recognition of SWAPO by the United Nations as the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people. It is indeed such. In order for one to understand that, one must first understand Namibian history. It was not out of goodwill or charity that, after the OAU had recognized us, the United Nations followed suit. But that is not what we wish to argue here. We want to appeal to those countries that are concerned about the recognition of SWAPO to use their influence and their power to prevail on South Africa to agree to the United Nations conducting free, fair and democratic elections in Namibia, and it will be the people of Namibia that will decide on its leadership. SWAPO has in the meantime the historic responsibility of continuing to intensify the struggle, because today there are still 60,000 South Mrican troops on our soil, thousands of paramilitary police, so-called counter-insurgency agents, secret police and white civilian commandos. That is the problem. The problem is not between SWAPO and certain political groups or organizations in Namibia. The fundamental problem in Namibia is a colonial problem; it is between the racist usurpers and the people of Namibia. And SWAPO will remain true to its commitment to waging the str11ggle until Namibia is liberated. 166. In conclusion, I should like to say that it is our sincere wish that the new year will bring new vitality and strength and good health to the representatives, for the struggle must continue unabated until fmal victory which is the ultimate goal of our common struggle.

In accordance with decision 33/432 taken yesterday in the General Assembly at Its 90th plenary meeting, the General Assembly will resume its thirty-third session on 15 January 1979 for a period of one week to 10 days for the sole purpose of concluding its consideration of the items still remaining on the agenda of the present session. Those agenda items are the following: item 32, on the policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa; subitems rh) to re) of item 58, on development and international economic co-operation; item 70, on the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development; item 88, on the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace; and item 100, on the programme budget for the biennium 1978-1979, part IV of the report of the Fifth Committee. 166. In conclusion, I should like to say that it is our sincere wish that the new year will bring new vitality and strength and good health to the representatives, for the struggle must continue unabated until fmal victory which is the ultimate goal of our common struggle.

In accordance with decision 33/432 taken yesterday in the General Assembly at its 90th plenary meeting, the General Assembly will resume its thirty-third session on 15 January 1979 for a period of one week to 10 days for the sole purpose of concluding its consideration of the items still remaining on the agenda of the present session. Those agenda items are tlle following: item 32, on the policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa; subitems (h) to (e) of item 58, on development and international economic co-operation; item 70, on the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development; item 88, on the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace; and item 100, on the programme budget for the biennium 1978-1979, part IV of tte report of the Fifth Committee. 172. Naturally, I also wish to express my gratitude to all members of the delegations to the General Assembly for the manner in which they have co-operated in the debate on the items proposed to them in our agenda. 169. I believe that throughout these 13 weeks of intense work we have been able to discuss, in a free and democratic ~er and in accordance with our Charter, the principal problems which the international community faces. We have spared no effort to fmd the best formulas for solving them and, above all. to consolidate international peace and security, which is the fundamental purpose of our Organization. 170. I should like to take advantage ofthisopportunity to express my gratitude to the Secretary-General, Mr. Kurt Waldheirn, and to the officers of the Secretariat assignedto the Assembly, for their valuable and efficient co-operation for the success of our work. 173. It only remains for me to express to all Heads of State and the peoples represented hera and to the representatives to the General Assembly my best wishes for a happy new year. I thank you for your attention. 174. I now declare suspended the thirty-third session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. 170. I should like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my gratitude to the Secretary-General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, and to the officers of the Secretariat assigned to the Assembly, for their valuable and efficient co-operation for the success of our work. 174. I now declare suspended t the General Assembly of the Unite The meetingrose at 1.55 p.m.