A/45/PV.67 General Assembly

I call on the representative of Bolivia who wishes to introduce draft resolution A/45/L.34. Mr. NAVAJAS MOGRO (Bolivia) (interpretation from Spanish): Mr. PresideDt~ X should first like to express my gratitude to you for granting our request to postpone until today the review of the United Nations intergovernmental structure and functions in the economic and social fields~ under the item entitled "Review of the efficiency of the administrative and finan~ial functioning of the United Nations". The Group of 77 attaches primary importance to this subject. We have discussed it at lecgth, not only recently but also in earlier years. We are aware of how necessary and important it is for the United Nations and the United Nations system to play the efficient, just and equitable role they should play in conformity with the principles, objectives and mandates contained in their respective charters and statutes. We are satisfied with the achievements of the United Nations over the past years, particularly in the political field. The role the United Nations has played as a catalyst and its active and direct participation, through the effective work of the Secretary-General, Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar, in the solution of many conflicts have helped to give our Organization its real purpose and reason for being. The political will of the Member States directly involved has undoubtedly also played a crucial role in the solution of these conflicts. The international (Mr. Novoias Moqro. Ioliyia) community itself ADd international public opinion, too, have played and a~e playing I primary role in creating the appropriate climate aDd framework for the achievement of our Organization's objectives. Me cannot, bowever, express the SGlle views with respect to tbe role of the United Nations and the United Nations system in the econOMic and social fields and in the field of international co-operation for development. We must say this despite the valiant efforts wbicb bave been made and are recogniaed by all, but which can still be seen to he inadequate in the light of the growing and crucial needs of the peoples of the developing world and the new problems being faced by r:tankind. The international peace ADd security aspects are one side of the coin, but the economic and social aspects are the other. These are two areas that are closely interrelated, with reciprocal effects that strengthen each ot:her but that can also destroy each other. The United Nations bas a mandate to carry out in the economic and social fieldm and in tbe field of development; it is contained in Article I of the Charter, aDd perbaps more specifically in Article 55. We consider it of vital importaDce that the United NatioDs, faced with a world in transition and change, sbould be able to adapt so as to respond effectively to the complex and growing problems and the nev needs of Member States, particularly the developing countries, in the economic and social fields and in the field of international co-operation for develop~nt. In this context, one of the constants of the policy of the Group of 77 has been and remains the maintenance and strengtheniog of the multilateral .ystem for the continuous promotioD of international co-operation. The United Nations and the United Nations system are, par excellence, the broadest and most complete expression of multilatoral co-operation. That is why the Group of 71 attaches great i~rtaDce to any process designed to improve and strengthen our Organization and ita sy.te., It ia true that the processes of change we are witnessing today. together wlth a serl•• of events In the political. economic and technological field. and the international cOMmunlty's growinq ovareness of the joint problems facing mankind. wbich are tran.fo~ing international relations. viII necessarily permeate aDd influence the pr••ent and future development of our Organization. But it is also true that the United Nations. because of its great capacity. i~s universality and" the basic prlnciple. it upholds. can and should bave an influence on tbe changes in eventa and In InterDational relations in order to ensure that the nev international order that is e..r9109 and taking shape vill be an order of peace and progress. a .cre juat, a falrer and a more humane order. In vhlch tha countries of the world. particularly the developing countries. will feel ~r. secure. viII feel that they bavebetter opportunities and better conditions. (Mr. Navajos "09ro, BoliyiA) Kith these objactives end in this new framework of international relations the Group of 77 has taken important initiatives to promote the revitalization of the Economic and Social Council so that this body will be able to carry out the important role assigned to it in the United Nations Charter. The Council must shoulder its responsibilities and fulfil its mandate. For this purpose it is necessary to improve its structures, organization and operations so that it becomes a more effective and efficient body that is able to respond better to the needs of Member States and particularly to the growing, u~gent needs and requirements of the developing countries. With this objective, the Group of 77 has proposed specific measures, which are contained basically in resolutions 1988/77 and 1989/114, to initiate in & more syatematic way the process of revitalizing the Economic and Social Council. In accordance with the guidelines in the resolutions I have cited, in partiCUlar resolution 1988/77, and in the process of strengthening its function of formulating policie., tbe CouAcil ha. provisionally adopted, also on the initiative of the G~oup, a multilateral programme for in-depth consideration of important policy questions during the period 1992-1994, as established in decision 1990/205, adopted at the COUDcil's organizational session in Feb~uary this year. In the same period a new and urgent question was selected for tremtment - that of the effects of the growing eVOlution of relations between East and West on the growth of the world economy and, in partiCUlar, on the growth and development of the developing countries and international economic co-operation. In the same way, in implementing the resolutions I have mentioned, the Council is preparing to hold, at its summer meeting next year, a special high-level meeting to examine in depth the 8ubject to Which I have referred. The modalities, for the (Mr. Nayaja9 MQgro, Bolivia) holding of that meeting and the related analysis are set forth in resolution 1989/114, and this vill also be an opportunity for the Council to test an important aspect of its revitalization process. The Secretary-General, in his report on the progress made in the ~ implementation of resolutions 1989/77 and 1989/114 and decision 1990/205, which is contained in document E/1990/75, of ~~ May 1990, refers to other aspects of the process of revitalizing the Council, such as those relatinq to supervision and co-ordination functions, the question of the participatioD of specialized agencies and bodies, operational activities for develoPment, methods and organization of work, documentation, and secretariat support. The Secretary-General also puts forward extremely interesting suggestions and proposals. The holding of me~tings of the Council at ministerial level, for example, should be considered seriously and positively. While taking note of all the issues raised in the report, ve must however express some concern at the fact that resolutions 1988/77 and 1989/114 have not been fully applied. For example, such important matters as the supervision and co-ordina~ion functions, and other aspects of documentation and secretariat support still have to be put into practice. We understand that the process of revitalization of the Council is complex and delicate. Although some progress has been made - and for this we express our gratitude to the Secretary-General - much remains to be done. Therefore it is necessary to make efforts to complete the resolution and put them into practice as quickly as possible. In this regard the Economic and Social Council has given its President a mandate to undertake informal consultations, open to all Members of the United Nations, on all releVAnt questions relating to consideratIon of the application of the measures agreed on for the revitalization of the Council and to present a (Mr. Nayajos "09[0, Boliyia) provisional report on this issue to the Council at its second regular sesslon in 1991. We have also considered with appropriate attention the report of the secretory-General in document A/45/714, for which we express our most sin~.re gratitude to him. In his report he recalls once again the various initiatives, consultations, opinions, studies and expert evaluations ove= the past 40 years, the recommendations emerging from which have clearly influenced the taking of decisions in the processes of the atructurinq and functioning of the Organia3tion. Hovever, we must recall also that there are many recommendations, precisely those aimed at making United Nations bodies more effective and which could perhaps have contributed to solving the problems ve are facing, which have not been put into practice, particularly in the area of the system of development of the United Nations. The evaluation studies carried out shov the great problems facing the Organizetion. We are avare of the complexity of these problems of structure, organization, operation, co-ordination, human resources, finance, and so OD. In the face of these problems it is essential that Member States take measures to ensure that the United Nations system can respond in a more effective, efficient way to the new challenges facinq the international community and, in particular, the growing needs of the developing countries. We share the Secretary-Genersl's belief that the 19908 could be a good period of consolidation and maturity for the United Nations system. We believe that there are now certain favourable conditions in the international scene that have come about only recently and that make it more feasible to make new, genuine efforts in the process of restructuring and revitalizing our Organization. As the Secretary-General states very veIl in his report, recent developments in the (Mr. Nayajas Mogro, Boliyia) political arena offer a qood opportunity for an objective assessment of the functioning of the United Nations system and to reach agreement on issues and problems, forms and ways and means of resolving them. But at the same time he warns that "Attempts at renovation, revitali%~tion, rationalization and restructuring will prove to be ineffective in the absence of a unifying framework of policies acceptable to all Governments." (A/45/714, para. 33) He g08S on to say: "What is essential is that there should be a clear programme, a philosophy, to achieve aqreed upon objectives". (~., para. 38) (Mr. Navajas "09ro. Boliyia) We believe that a frame of reference, AD orientation and even a certain philosophy are found in the Declaration on International Economic Co-operation, the International Strategy for Development, and other documents recently adopted in important international forums. Thus, in this restructuring and revitalization process, the results of other internationAl meetings that took place at the beginning of this decade should be taken into account. Just as in 1975 the restructuring processes were aimed at making the United Nations system more aware of the need to establish the new international economic order, the reform process of 1986 vas aimed at strengthening the efficiency of the administrative and financial functioning of the United Nations at a critical period in the financial situation of the Organization. Thus, the restructuring and revitalization process in 1990 should be aimed at ensuring that the functioning of the United Nations system in the economic and social fields are more effective and efficient, in order better to meet the need to strengthen international economic co-operation for development and at the same time promota the development of the developing countries. Let us not forget that the Declaration adopted at the eighteenth special session of the General Assembly states that the most important challenge of the 1990s is precisely the economic growth and. development of the developing countries. It is with that purpose in mind that the Group of 77 has taken the initiative of proposing that the General Assembly reconvene in a resumed session for an in-depth consideration of the restructuring and revitalization of the United Nations in the economic and social fields. In this regard, the Group of 77 is submitting the draft resolution contained in document A/45/L.34 for the Assembly's consideration. We hope that this will be a consensus draft, because its purpose is to ensure that the United Nations and the United Nations system are able to carry out effectively their important role in the economic and social fields and in the field of internatioD21 co-operation for the economic and social devalopment of our peoples. We should like to propose the following revisions to the draft res~lution. In the fourth line of operative paragraph 3, we request the deletioD of the words "for development". In other words, the :"ast part of the paragraph !lOW reads as follows: (Goke in English) "in order to be more respo~sive to the needs of enhancinq international economic co-operatioo and promoting the development of the developing countries". (spoke in Spapish) In operative paragraph 4, we wish to introduce some changes that will make the paragraph read as follows: (spoke in Eoglish) "Decides to reCODvene, in a resumed session for a duration of one week in the second half of April 1991, for an in-depth consideration and negotiation of proposals for the restructuring and revitalization of. the United Nations in the economic and social fields", (spoke ip Spanish) In this paragraph, the changes are: in the first line, the substitution of the phrase "one week" for the phrase "two weeks"; and in the second line, the addition of the word13 "and negotiation of proposals for the restructuring" after the words "for in-depth consideration", I have the honour to submit this draft resolution to the Assembly as X have just revised it orally. The PRESIpENT: I should like to propDse that the list of speakers in th~ debate on agenda item 117 be closed now. It was so decided. Mr. WILlNSKI (Australia): I have the honour today of speaking today on behalf of the delegatlon3 of Canada and New ~p-' as Yell as Australia. I should like to begin this str;temel'{ :,tation referring to the efforts of the Secretary-General in relatL ':~ 1..'1IJDomic and Social Cou!\cil. It describes the Secretary-General as havi~~ "tried to reorganise the procedures of the Economic and Social Council ••• to allow for concentration on a few k~y problems for a short period during which the most senior and responsibla government officials would attend. His idea was to 'hold a concentr~t~a top-level debate, half conference and half seminar. which will, C~ the one hand, give new life to the debate within the UN ••• and also have a different kind of impact on world opinion from the one W~ now qet from the regular procedures to which people have become a little bit too accustomed· ... Ooes this quotation accurately reflect some of our present endeavours? Does it appear to describe some of the activities that we are currently discussing? Does it refer to some ofo~r current problems? Well, actually, the S#cretary-Genera1 referred to is Dag Hammarskjold and the quotation is from his biography by Sir Brien Urquhart (p. 375) and refers to a period just over 31 years ago, in mid-1959. Surely this quotation must lead us to ask how long we can go ~ound in the same circles in our attempts to improve the economic structures of the United Nations. Surely it must cause us to ask whether the time has not arrived for us B,t:. least to begin to look at new ideas and ne'lt approaches. One of the great in~ovations of tb~ Che,~ter of the United Nations was its recognition of the close interrelat.ionship between political, economic and social (Mr, Wilenski, Australia) issues and of the fact that economic end social issues often were the basic cause of politic3l differences. Thus, the functions and purposes of the United Nations went beyond those of the discredited League of Nations and encompassed the necessity of international co-operation on economic and social issues as well as political issues in the post-war world. But while the political effectiveness of the United Nations has at diffe~ent times waxed and waned and some of its structures have been adapted or augmented as changing circumstances have demanded, we must note with regret that the United Nations has never been as effective in the economic and social sectors - with the major exception of the considerable progress made in the human rights and Bome other social areas - as its founders would have wished or expected. That is not to say th~t operational agencies have not dODe extraordinarily valuable work. But the economic and social policy-making organs have stagnated and have never exercised the influence and authority that had been anticipated. It i.s commonplact! to note that today the United Nations in its political activities has entered a new period of revitalizatio~ and accomplishment. (Hr. Wilenski. Australia) Regrettably, however, this revitalization of the political sector serves only to place in stark relief the relative lack of progre~s and accomplishments of the economic sector. As the Secretary-General states in his very helpful report on this subject this year: "the pace of changes in at~itudes and approaches in resolving economic and social progress has Dot matched the breathtaking 3peed of the political developments" (A/451714. para.. ..n> of the past two years. When considered aloDgside the great range of economic problems faced today, particularly by developing countries, this creates a new urgency in the need to examine and refo~ decision-making within the Organization on economic and social issues. What we need to focus on, therefore, is improving the effectiveness of the economic sector, that is, we need to get better results in the real world from the endless debates and resolutions. We need to ensure that each level of discussion does not simply repeat the preceding ono, but adds value to the decisions to be taken, and that in the end the discussions and ,the decisions in the Organization are effective in influencing the actual policies being pursued by the Member States and the realities of economic life. Of course, we recognize that reform will make no difference unless there is the political will to make effective u~e of the relevant organs of the United Nations and to conduct discussions in these organs on all issues and at an ap~'ropri~te lovel. This central point ia worth emphasizing; there is little pu~pose in improving the structures unless we are prepared to use them. Or as noted in the Secretary-Generalis report: "Attempts at renovation, revitalization, rationalizat,ion and restructuring will prove to be ineffective in the absence of a unifying framework of (Mr. WIIIDSk!, Australia) policils acclptable to all Govlrnments. • •• Restructurin~ «Dd reform cannot complns, ..1 for lack of the political will 1:,0 act. It (!W., para. 33) But progress OD thl issues and progress on structural improvement must go forward together in tandem. Last year's General Assembly resolution on this topic referred to a whole series of confer8Dces which would help to define the issues~ and some have said that we should wait for all these conferences to be conclu~ed before considering' intergovernmental structures. But, when these conferences are over, we shall find another set in front of us. W!t shall always have someone ready to say that the time is not yet ripe for structural improvement and that we should wait for another conf.rence, and anoth8r, and another. The fact i. that i.sue. and policies are always evolving and, while it is true that without political vill results will not be achieved whatever the structure, we ~hould alao rememb.r that with an inappropriate structure political will can be rendered ineffective. For that rea.OD we welcome the draft resolutioD that is before u.. W. believe that there 11e. behind it a widely shared constructive spirit and 4e.1re to work together to improve these .tructure.. The decision to reconV0D. in a re.umed ••••ion t@ con8ider the.. issues would be an extremely positive development and, while not an .nd in its.lf~ would mark a very welcome new beginning. Debate OD reform has in the recent past been prejudiced by the fact that the principal forc.. behind it appeared to many to be .olely concerned with cutting' costs. Thi. is not, and .hould DOt be, our focus in today'. debate. As I have said, our focus today and from now OD should be OD improving the .ff.ctivenlws of the overall Organi:atioDQ (Mr. tilleRski, Australia) Some delegatioDs have suggested to me iD the pamt few days that ia conslaering this issue we must remember its history. I respectfully suggest that, if we are to make progress, the best thiDg that ve can do is to forget that history aDd put behind us the cODfrontatioDs and blame-layiDg of the past. We are today faced with a Dew situatioD, Dew problems, and we should do well to consider afresh our approach. In the end, we believe, there must be a consensus on a cohesive package of changes to he implemented in an agreed order and within an agree4 time-fr&mtt. As the Secretary-General states in his report. UWhat i •••••ntial 1a that there should be a clear progrmnme, a philo.ophy, to achieve agree4 upon objectIves and th~t the process should Dot be left to ad hoe arrangements." U.W. ~ Rara. 38) Furthermore, too much that wo have already decided on has not been carried through. ~hu., there must also be a clear and explicit strategy for implementation to support and guide what will inevitably be a difficult proce•• ~ and an agreed review m.chanism which from time to time analyses and reports on progress on the agreed package. For four and a half decades, Mr. President, your predeces.orm have been able to observe ~t close qu~rters the operation of the United Nations and have often ~een influential in trying to make our United Dation. better able to cope with the numerous challenge. it face.. As far back aa 1947, the President of the third session of tho General Assembly, Dr. H. V. Ivatt, asked the Assembly to con.ider whether or not ~. United Nations machine~y waa translating into reality its economic and social pledg.s. ae referred then to the risk of the United Nations becomill'9 what h. called "al1 harness and DO hon." in the ecoDomic and social field.. W. CaDDot .ay with truth that the situation today 11 very 41fferent from (Mr. Wil,nski, Australia) that described by Dr. Bvattl but we can say that the circumstance. which make restructuring possible are more auspicious. The time is ripe for a more effective and sore efficient United Nations across the entire range of its mandated activities. We want it to r••pond better to Dew t~sks, to reassess priorities and to learn how to manage the older activities which ar-e still relevant. We welcome the draft resolution as aD important step in this process. Hr. ELIASSQU (Sweden) s I have th~ honour etf makilll9 this statement on behalf of the Hordic countriess Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Horvay and Sewden. In a world of increasing interdependence we are confronting a number of global challenges. We have to try to end conflicts and ve h6ve to fight poverty and the poisoning of the earth. The United Hations bas a clear role in the.e endeavours during the 1990s. There is a growing inter.st in aDd c~ltment to meklng the United Nations an effective instrument for aaintaining international peace and security. This must be accompanied, in our view, by a mlal1ar interest in aDd commitment to enhancing the role of the United Bations .s a forUM for econOMic and social co-operation. It is obvious that the United Rations ill facing a need to refora and to increase its efficiency in the economic and aocial fields. Tbi. in nO way represents a Dew state of affaira. Dag Sammarskjold, who vas quoted earlier by the representative of Australia, tried to put Dew llf~ into United Rations deliberations on economic and social matters. In 1959 he .tated, "Tb.re i•• difficulty with United Rations procedure. 08 th.y are at pr.lent in the .ense that they tend to d.v.lop into what I .igbt call routin.oooo It 1s difficult to get concentration OD the k.y i.suesoooo It ls also difficult to organi.. tb. work in auch a vay aa to aak. it pos.ibl. for k.y people iD Gov.ranenta to attendo". * Mr. Flore. Be~udez (HoDduras), Vice-President, took the Chair. (Hr. S1AalloD, Swed.p) (Hr. Ilil,son. Sweden) %be sltuation has. without a doubt. deteriorated since then. The agenda of the United ••tIons has sbown sustained and considerable growth. reeulting in uncl.ar prioriti.s. Thls haa bee~ accompanied by a parallel growth in the int.rgover....ntal aachinery• leading to several ezuples of duplication of work. Th. dlrectives and guldelin.. ._anating fro~ the central orgaDs era often vague and in ne.d of a st~oDger ••n.e of direction. A auaber of co-ordination mechanisms exist. but there is still too little real co-or41uatlonl the cohesion of the United NatioDs system leave. much to be do.lr~. Our dlscussions on economic issues are only rarely of such a. cbaracter as to attract high-level participation from our capItals. The~e is a feverish schedule of e..tings. but the productive value of the sum of these activities can be questioned. The roport of the Secretary-General 9ive~ a good and illuminating historical overvie. of the developaent of United Nations activities in the economic and social field. It also glve. a valuable summary of the efforts that have been made over the years to l~rove the functioning of the United Nations in these field~. Tbe.e .fforts have had only limited results. Lot us admit that. This must Dot however hold us back or aake us give up; OD the basis of the informatIon which the ~~r.tary-Ceneralhas provided. we should take a fresh look at the problems. W8 should try to bring about a more focused. more efficient Organization. re.poasive to evolviD9 needs. in particular those of the developing countries. In doi09 so. we .hould also bear in mind the neeo for structural reform of the United Rations syate. as a uhole. It is important to identify clearly the roles which the Y&r!oua organisations should play. these roles must be performed In hmnDOUY. Md cOllplelMDt each \?ther so as to fom a cohereliat '1Ibole. The" must be developed iD order to aeet new challenges. such as the alarming degradation of the envlroDaent. " .:...~ ... (Mr, Ilioslon, Sweden) we Muat therefore actively consider the necessary administrative and institution.l changes in order to tackle efficiently the integrated issues of, for in_tanc., enviroDBent and development, not least in the light of t~e decisions of ~ \ ',. the United .ationD Conference on Environment and Development, Bere, I would like to mention that some issues related to reform in the United Ration. are being studied within the framework of a broad-based Nordic research project on the United Rations and its activities in the social and economic fields. This Nordic project on the United Nations is motivated by an active inter••t in stroDgthonin9 the international system of co-operation in the economic and social field. Its purpoue Is thus to enhance the opportunities for the international system of co-operation, and offer further stimulation for international solidarity and development, There are at least three aspects which we now have to scrutinize: priorities; rationalisation of work and restructuring of the intergovernmental machinery; and the role and organi3ation of the Secretariat. In order to make the best use of the limited resources of the United Nations, the rol. of the Organization in the economic and social fIeld must be defined more preci.ely. Clearer priorities are prerequisites for a better functioning of our Organisation. In establishing clearer priorities and a better international dlvlaion of labour, we must bear in mind that the United Nations cannot and should Dot carry out all the tasks on the international agenda. Member States must th.refor~ muster the political will to make a pragmatic reassessment of the future role of the United Nations. We should, in our view, try to identify areas where th~ United Ratione has comparative advantages, particular competence or a particular potential. Of special concern to us should be areas Which are chsracteri.ed by interdependence and which call for intensified international co-operation. (Mr. Eliasson. Swedep) The declaration on international economic co-operation and the new international development strategy Bre important contributions to a deeper discussion of such priorities. These documents are~ however, many faceted and comprehensive in character; we should, therefore, in our future work, distinguish between two kinds of issues: on the one hand, we have issues where the United Nations could contribute to enhanced international efforts by promoting the understanding of problems and by inspiring and monitoring the activities of other international actors; on the other hand, there are issues where the United Nations can make a more direct, a more tangible and a more practical contribution. As the world community expects specific results from the United Nations, we should concentrate on the latter kind of issue, without downgrading the debating and monitoring role of our Organization. One of the most useful roles of the United Nations in the economic field lies ~ithin the area of the development of human resources. Education, health care, population growth, refugee flows, natural disaster mitigation, and the fight against poverty are all areas where the United Nations system should have particular qualifications. Another major concern of the United Nations must be to contribute to the protection of the environment and to promote sustainable development. We are confident that the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development will give indications of the priorities of the United Nations system and the institutional and administrative improvements to it. We are ready to discuss these priorities within the proposed action programme "Agenda 21". (Mr. Eliasson g Swedeg) Member States should therefore endeavour to define more clearly the key problems in the ecnnomic and social fields which the United Nations must solve. We must mobilize the political will to work together to solve these problems; it is only if we all perceive the United Nations as a relevant and central organization that we can seriously enhance the efficiency of our Organization in this field. The de.veloped countries are not the least of those with a clear responsibility to show that the~ regard the United Nations as a vital instrument for international economic and social co-operation. If we could mobilize that political will, it would be possible to get away from rhetoric and deal pragmatically with the major issues facing us. Internal reforms aimed at making the United Nations more responsive and more efficient also have an impact on how the Member 3tates view its activities ndon their willingness to participate constructively and actively in the work of the Organization. We must therefore take steps to rationalize our working methods and restructure our intergovernmental machinery. These problems were carefully analysed by the Special Commission, which, in 1987 and 1988, carried out an in-depth study of the intergovernmental structure in the "economic and social fields. I shall point out only a few areas where the Nordic countries believe that renewed efforts must be made. It is of fundamental importance for us to take a new look at the roles of the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly. We should try to bring about a division of labour which would ensure that theEe bodie~ complement each other instead of duplicating each other. Interesting and stimulating ideas on this matter have recently been presented. (Mr. IliassoD' SVldln) %be role of the COUDcil as a filter for resolutions and topics to b~ discussed mhould be atreDgthened. This would make it possible for the General Assembly to concentrate OD gajor policy issues confronting the international community. Me .uat also try to avoid repetitive debates. Many issues are now first di8cu••ed ia a sub-committee, then in the Economic and Social Council, and finally in the Second Committee of the General Assembly, often by the same people and. with 81.ilar ar~nta. Let us admit that. The purpose and usefulness of the general debates in the Council and in the Second Committee should be re-ezamined. They should either be consolidated or their differing themes should be clearly emphasized, in ord,r to avoid duplication• • efo~s in that direction could increase the value of the deliberations in the Council. Th'y could also enhance the political attention given the Council, so that it could fulfil the central role envisaged for it. Me should also, in our view, take a closer look at the question of ending discussioDS by adopting r,solutions, often as a matter of routine, but after lengthy, and often night-time, negotiations. In many cases, our work would benefit from, fo~ instance, a Chairman's summary of the main points, instead of a formal resolution. (Mr. Eliasson, Swed~) The subsidiary bodies of the General Assembly and ECOSOC are in most cases seen to be functioning well. But certain bodies would benefit from wider participation by experts. We concur with the view of the Secretary-General that there is a need to transform a number of these subsidiary bodies into expert groups. Some bodies could no doubt be phased out and their tasks taken over by others. ECOSOC itself could play an expanded role with regard to policies and co-ordination within the fields that will be subject to reform. ECOSOC could thus address the political, global and cross-sectoral dimensions of the issues under discussion, as is stated in the report of the Secretary-General. The third and last element of the reform process should be a strengtheninq of the Secretariat in the economic and social fields. The Secretariat has a valuable role to play by helping us to establish priorities and by stimulating discussions with imaginative and analytical documents. The Secretariat must be given the opportunity to assess major trends and develop policy options in the economic and social fields for the deliberations in intergovernmental bodies. Not least, the capacity of the Secretariat must be strengthened to identify emerging issues and potential problems. We agree fully with the Secretary-General that there is a need to develop closer links between the offices in the Secretariat responsible for political issues and those concerned with economic and social questions. Here we, the Member Stutes, have an important responsibility. We must not burden the Secretariat with demands for new reports if they are not deemed absolutely vital. Nor should we insist that reports are to be regularly produced when no new developments have taken place or new facts emerged. Consolidation of reports should be encouraged. We should try to bring about a situation in which (Mr. Eliasson, Sweden) there are fewer but better reports which Member States have the time t~ study carefully ~d which can th~s truly influence our debates and decisions. Intarnal ~eforms of the Secretariat are also called for to ensure that available resources are used efficiently for problems that merit particular attention. This is an aspect that has been examined recently by Brian Urquhart and Erskin Childers in their important study b Worlg in Heed of Leadership: Tomor.row's United Ha,tiQl'i.s. The Secretariat structure must thus be streamlined and rationalized. We should try to get away from the present fragmentation and establish a recognized and forceful centre of authority with respect to economic and social issues. This is of particular importance as the United Nations system, in a world more and more characterized by interdependence, must improve its capacity to function as a system, as an integrated whole. The views of the Secretary-General regarding a strengthening of the Office of the Director-General for De~elopment and Internati~nal Economic Co-operation are of interest in this context. Let me in closinq say that we are convincod that all of us have the same interest in a strong and effective United Nations, well-equipped in personnel, organization and finance to address the crucial issues facing the world today. This applies to all the various roles of the United Nations - as a forum for negotiations, as a peace-keeper, as a peace-maker and as a peace-builder, that is, as a channel and catalyst for development assistance. This year we have witnessed increasing convergence of views on fundamental economic and development issues. The Nordic countries believe that this convergence also could be broadened to the field of reform and make it possible to take measures to make the United Nations more relevant, and indeed more powerful. The Nordic countries stand ready to participate actively in the vital forthcoming discussions on theso matters and in the crucial reform process. (Mr. Eliasson, Sweden) Against this background, we welcom9 the draft resolution about the restructuring aDd revitalisation of the United Nations in the economic and social fields as a positive contribution in this endeavour. Hr, IVpRYAytSIY (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (interpretation f~a. lu.oien): B~aucing the effectiveness of the administrative and financial fuact!oning of the United Nations, particularly its economic and social activities, hea for MaDy ye.r. been consiaered under this agenda item. Past debates, although not 1••41ug to a g~neral agreement about further specific ways of improving the WOrk of the ec~no.l: ~~a 80clal sector of the ~nitcd Nations, have nevertheless p~ov.d to be .z~~e~ly useful for nj~ny reasons, including a more profound study of the cbaracteristic featll,,")S of the situation. There is a qrowinq understanding that the tL.. for reform is now ripe, and we should spare no effort to make the United Nations commensurate with today's demands and to direct it to more fully satisfylog the interests of all Member countries • ••for. 1. a lengthy aDd complex process. We are fully aware that if it is to ~ s~cc.s8f~1 ~ must elaborate an integrated and coherent concept of how it should Do carried out. Reform should be comprehensive, encompassing both the activities of lDt.~90v.rameDtalmachinery and the relevant Secretariat structures. In this cOADectlon we sbould like to commend a number af. useful conclusions and ~.COMMendatloDs to be found in the Secretary-General's report before us. The Soviet delegation in particular sharea bis view on ·h~ need for the strengthenir of the eo-o~diD8tlU9 rol~ of the Economic and Social C~~eil (ECOSOC) and the tt."ft1a~t£.on of the Auxiliary social economic organs of ECOSOC and the General Aa••ablY3 ~ rationalizing of their structures: the i~traductian of a ~ltldt.clplinory &pproach to research a~tivities of the central socia-economic cJivhlofi3 of the Secretariat: and the further development of the prognostic work of (Mr. Judryaytsey, USSR) those divisions in the general context of enhancing the preventive functions of the Udited Nations, ensuring interaction between operational programmes and research programmes carried out by the Organization. We also favour a more precise division of labou~ and complementarity among the efforts made by various parts of the United Nations system, including the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, while of course appreciating the specific role played by these latter organizations in the international economic and financial syatem, We are also interested in what is stated in the Secretary-Generales report about the growing interdependence of the problems of trade~ financial investments and technological development, as well as the Deed for the Secretariat to take a more comprehensive and coherent approach to these problems, in particular by joint programming activity between the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the Centre on Transnational Co-operation and the United Nations Centre on Science and Techno~o9Y. We ~ere particularly impressed by the idea of enhancing the professional level of the work of a,~iliary secturel organs of ECOSOC and the General Assembly, which is what we understand to be meant by "expertization", Involving in their work high-calibre experts who are very conversant with t~e spec,ific nature of the relevant probl~~s will make possible a more profound and thorouqh analysis of the items und~l ~onsideration on the basis of professional recommendations made by the auxiliary bodies of ECOSOC, ECOSOC itself will be able to take decisions that co-ordinate and direct the entire activity of organs and organizations of the United Nation system in a~y specific field. By re~tructuring the vork in this way, ve shall be taking an important step tova~ds improving the effective yield of the economic activities of the United Nations and increasing its contribution to the search for mutually acceptable solutions to the most urgent international economic problems. We shall also be making considerable progress in enhancing the politi~a~ authority of the Economic and Social Council in the United Nations system, and ensuring that it fulfils its role and function, under the Charter, as the main co-ordinator of all of the Organization•s social and economi':: act!vities. We understand that it will be by no means simple to reach agreement on specific steps to give effect to these ideas and we are prepared to be actively and constructively involved in th& ~~~~on efforts of Member States, taking into account the fact that thi~ work will be carried out in the context of global economic consensus, as proclaimed by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session. The Soviet ~ele9ation believes that the first steps in this direction can be taken at the present session of the General Assembly. Therefore, we welcome the proposal of the Group of 77 that this session of the General Assembly resume its work in April 1991 for the purrose of detailed consideration of and negotiations on questions related to restruct.uring and revitalizing United Nations efforts in the social and economic fields. The delegation of the Soviet Union expresses its gratitude to the Group of 77 for the understandinq they have shown of the position of other countries, including its acceptance of our ideas regar~in9 the text of draft resolution A/45/L.34, which we support. We are profoundly convinced that reform in this important socio-economic sector of the United Nations should lead to results in keeping with the interests of all countries. This should be the objective of our common efforts to enhance (Mr. Kudryavtsev. USSR) the effectiveness and efficiency of the intergovernmental machinery in the United Nations system in this particular field in order that the requirement to strengthen international economic and social co-operation and pr~mote the development of the developing countries may be taken more fUlly into account. We are prepared to co-operate and explore a mutually acceptable approach with all other delegations. Mr. TRAXLER (Italy): On behalf of the 12 member States of the European Comrnunity, I would like to express appreciation of the report presented by the Secretary-General on this item. The Twelve regret, however, that the report may not get in the General Assembly the thorough examination that it certainly deserves owing to the remarkable delay in making it available and distributing it - a delay that is not easy to understand given that the Se~retariat had been aware for a year that a fully fledged report was required, as the Economic and Social Council reiterated once again last July. However, the Twelve appreciate the content of the report and note its realism as well as the prudence of its conclusions and recommendations. This prudent approach will allow Member States to go further than has been the ~ase in the past in attempting to implement elements of reform in the economic and social sectors of the United Nations. This year we have an important proposal before us - draft resolution A/45/L.S4, presented by the Group of 77. The Twelve welcome it and are willing to support a decision that the Assembly reconver.e in a resumed ~ession in April next year to consider specific proposals for restructuring. Indeed, the Twelve recommend immediate approval of the draft resolution introduced by the representative of Bolivia•• ~ The President returned to the Chair. (Mr. Traxler, Italy) The Twelve believe it essential that the process of reform continue. They concur with the assessment of the S ~retary-General that the role of the United Nations in the ecoDomic and social fields is, and is going to be~ as important as ever in helping the international community, and especially developing countries, achieve the conditions of stability and wel~-beinq that are essential for peaceful relations among nations. We shall need a more effective United Nations if we are to use it as an important instrument for the follow-up of the c@mmltments which the international community has made in international decisions as important as those relating to the Declaration of the eighteenth spGcial session of the General Assembly, the International Develop~ent Strategy for the Fourth Development Decade and the Second United Nations Conference on the Least-Developed Countries. By setting in motion the preparatory process for the 1992 Conference on Environment and Development the United Nations has assumed the central role in negotiations on the environment. In fact, the United Nations is the only international forum in which negotiations of this sort could take place on a universal basis. The United Nations will ~ave to prove, however, that it can not only bring about a successful c~nference but also implement the decisions that the international community adopts in Rio de Janeiro. The Twelve believe that there is a more and more explicit consensus on essential aspects of development policies, but this consensus has not as yet been translateG into the momentum necessary to modernize and adapt the United Nations . instrument to the new needs of development co-operation as we understand it. More and mora we deal with socio-economic aspects of development in an integrated manner, while the United Nations machinery continues to operate roughly along the lines and with the structure that evolved in the 19605 and 1970s. The Secretary-General rightly points out in bis report that, wbile the call to streamline the economic and social machinery i~ not new, tbe United Nationa membersbip has not been cap&ble of drawing e clear distinction between the continuing validity of issues and the effectiveness of the intergovernmental and Secretariat macbinery that exists, supposedly, to address those issues. Whenever a proposal for suppressing a committee or consolidating the Secretariat bas been advanced, tbe Pavlov reflex of some Governments and some Secretariat officers bas been to impede any change on the ground that the issue at stake ls important. We need to cbange this. No international organization can maintain its usefulness and influence on real issues if it does not adapt to tbe changing needs and ways of conducting businoss. If we take energy, for instance, we recognize its importance but we also recognize that the work of the United Nations in this area needs to be improved. More specifically. the Twelve believe that the sectoral approach 80 far prominent in United Nations activitie~ needs to be reviewed. This kind of approach bas uften provoked fragmentation, and it bas created a perception of competition for areas of ~ompetenca between the United Nations and the specialized agencies. (Mr. TrAIler, Itatr) In fact, it was this sectoral approach that in the 1960s and 1970. led to the setting up, in staqea, of new intergovernmental and secretarial structures, without the nec•••ary attention baving paid t~ offectiveness or to concentration of efforts. In the last few years of the past decade efforts to enhance the functioning of the United Rations wer•. sometimes dictated by financial constraints. The Twelve ~gree vith the secretary-General's view that finaD~ial uncertainties and delays in receiving contributions ~~eatly weaken tho capacity of the United Nations to plan ita activities. The 1990. viII be a period of maturation for the United Nations, in which the Organization vill have to prove its capscity to become a leading instrument for the implementatioD, in the economic field, of the positive trends that now exist in respect Dot only of many development goals but also of the means of addressing them. The economic and scclal activities of the United Nations are a valuable means of pursuing goals that we all share and of helping developing countries in their deV610pment efforts. Ne are not trying to save financial resources; we are trying, in the interests of developing countries, to get more and better results from the financial means that are available. We shall need to re-oxamine how the work of the Second Committee of the General A~sembly, of the Economic and Social Council and of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) can be better co-ordinated. We shall need to look into the agendas of these three bodies with a vie~ to making them mutually complementary rather than duplicative. We shall Deed to examine our machi~ery for dealing with the environment, to make sure that tlle integrated approach that we are adopting in preparation f~r the 1992 Conference will be fully reflected in the implementation of the decisions to be taken in Rio de Janeiro. Th~~welve augqest that the synergy .between UNCTAD~ the General Assembly and the (Mr. Traxler. Italy) Economic and Social Council should be seriously examined. We shall need to loot again at how we CBn make the Economic and Soci~l Council more effective in fulfilling its role, under tbe Charter, of co-ordinating the social and economic activities of the United Nations. I wish to reiterate that the Twelve are committed to continuing their efforts to strengthen the Economic and Social Council. In this respect, let me recall the position that the Community has taken in the General Assembly's Ad Hoc Cor~ittee on restructuring. This position, much of which r~mains valid, is reported in the appendix to the report of the Special Commission in document £/1988/75 of June 1988. The Twelve have contributed to the work that has already been done to revitalize the Economic and Social Council, but they recognize that there i. a clear limit to t~e extent to which the Council can be revitalized without a more intensive re-examination of it3 subsidiary machinery. 1 wish to express specifir.ally the positive interest of the Twelve· in the proposals, which are set out in the Secretary-General's report, for enhancing the role of the Economic and Social Council in programmes that are system-wide and e.oss-sectoral - inter alia, within the economic sector and the sectors of human-resources development, poverty, science and technology, rural development, natural resources and energy. The Twelve agree with the Secretary-General's assessment that the necessary rationalization of the subsidiary machinery of the Economic and Social Council must include consolidation of the subsidiary bodies, as well as action to encouraqe, within those bodies, more speciali~ation and the development of expertise, with a view to enabling the Council to begin consideratJon of substantive questions in the light of their cross-sectoral links. Only in this way can we enhance the co-ordinating role of the Economic and Social Council and facilitate a bette~ division of work between it and its subsidiary bodies. The Twelve hope that the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Economic and Social Council will be able to make a substantial contribution to the efforts of member countries in this area. As in the past, the Twelve will contribute constructively to the work undertaken on this subject. They will formulate proposals for the resumed session in April. MLLJIN Xongjian (China) (interpretation from Chinese): I should like, at the outset. to express my thanks to the Secretary-General for. the comprehensive and valuablo report he has presented on the review of the efficiency of the administrative and financial functioning of the United Nations. The ~estructuring of the economic and social elements of the United Nations system has been going on for many years, and some results have been achieved. However, restructuring is an evolving p'roce~s, which must be carried further. One of the main purposes of reviewing the efficiency of the administrative and financial functioning of the United Nations should be to enhance the Organization's role in promoting world economic and social development and to mak~ that role more comparable with the Organization's role in settling political questions. It should be pointed out that developing countries are currently faced with grave difficulties in their economic and social development. The gap between the North an~ the Sout.h is ever-widening. Problems related to such matters as external debt, financial resources, trade, environment, poverty and drugs not only seriously impede growth in developing countries but also pose a threat to world peace and stability. Meanwhile, the integration of the world economy, the growing trend towards the creation of economic blocs and rapid advances in world science and technology have given rise to new and formidable challenges to developing countries. In these (Mr. Jin Yongiian, China) circumstances, it is hoped that the United Nations will shoulder more responsibility, will do more to strengthen international economic co-operation and promote economic growth and development in developing count~ies. Only by carrying out the necessary restructuring in the economic and social sectors can the United Nations adapt itself to the new situation and meet the challenges of today. In the restructuring of the economic and social sectors of the United Nations, the relevant principles enshrined in the Organization's Charter must be steadfastly adhered to, and the process must be carried out in a balanced and co-ordinated manner. We should neither overemphasize nor overlook economic or social issues. Restructuring in these two secto~s cannot be accomplished overnight; it should be carried out step by step. And hasty actions must be avoided. Major restructuring measures should be discussed thoroughly by the various parties, and should be adopted OD the basis of consensus. As the Secretary-General points out in his report, the object of the ongoing reform effort is not to seek financial savings but t~ help to make the Organization more responsive to the needs of the international community. The primary task of the various Departments and bodies of the United Nations system - including the Secretariat's support structure, the intergovernmental structure and the Economic and Social Council and its subordinate bodies - is to increase efficiency and improve working methods. Secondly, these Departments and bodies should improve their processes for co-ordination and co-operation. ~his is becoming ever more important, especially with the increase in the number of issues of an interdisciplinary nature. (Mr. Jin Yongjian, China) We believe that this can help avoid duplication and overlapping and at the same time preserve uniformity, compr~hensiveness and consistency in the work in the economic and social fields. In addition, appropriate readjustments to the functions of some bodies and institutions are also necessary. In his report, the Secretary-General has put forward several suggestions in this regard which deserve further consideration. In the process of restructuring the economic and social sectors, work on the revitalization of the Economic and Social Council must be continued. Thanks to the concerted efforts of all Member States and the Secretary-General, improvementFi have been made in the Economic and Social Council in the areas of policy formulation, monitoring, operational activities for development, co-ordination, working methods, organization of work and documentation. This year, faced with new and emerging problems, the Council has formulated a multi-year work programme which is essential for strengthening the role of the Economic and Social Council in the economic and social field~. On the question of revitalization of the Economic and Social Council, we put forward specific proposals at the summer session of the Economic and Social. Council this year. In short, we are of the view that what is most urgent now is the need further to implement resolutions 1988/77, 1989/114 and other relevant resolutions and to consolidate the progress we have made. Further actions can only be considered upon the basis of the full implementation of the above-mentioned reSOlutions. A successful outcome in the restructuring of the Organization in the economic and social fields depends, in the final analysis, on the political will of all Member States. We are convinced that as long as all Member States can make concerted and unremitting efforts, it will be possible for the United Nations to achieve success in the restructuring of its economic and social sectors. Mr. TREAT (United States of America): I wish to offer my congratulations to you, Mr. President. Even if they are somewhat belated, they are no less sincere. The report of the Secretary-General on "The United Nations intergovernmental structure and functions in the economic and social fields" is a useful document - that is, as far as it goes. My delegation wants to thank the Secretary-General for a very important and significant document and for his contribution to this useful work. The report includes an insightful historical review of the evolution of the economic and social sectors and draws lessons from past restructuring exercises. It addresses the relationship between the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and subsidiary bodies, the specialization of subsidiary bodies and the reorganization of the Secretariat. And it contains specific recommendations, for instance, making the Economic and Social Council responsible for the preparatory process of international events and conferences; enhancing the Economic and Social Council's role in connection with activities that are system-wide or cross-sectoral; increasing specialization to strengthen the underpinnings of bottl the Economic: and Social Council and the General Assembly; strengthening the integrative and early identification capacities of the Secretariat; and improving the efficiency of existing co-ordination instruments. The report states that "Attempts at renovation, revitalization, rationalization and restructuring will prove to be ineffective in the absence of a unifying framework of policies acceptable to all Governments." (A/45/714, para. 33) (Mr. Treat. ~nited States) It observes that "there is a much greater acceptance of the fact that economic dovelopment and social progress is a sine qua non for lasting peace just as peace iD a necessary prerequisite for improving the well-being and welfare of peoples". (para, 37) And it underscores that the United Nations should "develop a comprehensive and integrated approach to the growing number of interconnected global issues". (para, 41) My delegation agrees with these sentiments. That is all very well. and there is much more of value. But even if the report's recommendations were to be carried out. they are generally timid and superficial and they rely unduly on rhetoric which is perfectly agreeable but which. in sum. does not get us much further than we already are. We have had good ideas before us for a long time. The challenges increase; the opportunities increase; but the system remains largely untouched and largely inadequate. As the report itself observes. we lack the collective political will to get the United Nations social and economic act together. My delegation has argued here in the General Assembly and in the Economic and Social Council that revitalization of the Council. which is critical. should concentrate on finding ways to build up its educating and co-ordinating roles within the overall United Nations system responsive to the mandate and the invitations extant in the Charter. We have supported and applauded certain recent innovations in the way the Council goes about its work. inclUding a streamlining and biennuali~ation.of new agenda items. and an emphasis on forward-looking analysis and in-depth discussion of major policy themes. f I ~. I t i i ~ i i • .t 8 ; ~ ~ i 8 • t 'll g ... ~. ~ ; « ~.. ; i.· I &;. l~ r ~. I I I·· .1 I I ! el i g Si 4 C. e:.~ ... t:. g ~ B 4 ;' ~ " ~ I ~ ~ , £ ~ $ ! I i _ _. I. i &P ~ .. !; I It; ~ ~ i l i I I I § i a1 11 ~ I. ii Ii' A g iij.~ I i "l I lit I! a a Ii' n I ~ i to I( : ~. I i I 1 r g. i ~ I g " E 1 ~ ~ i I , i· ~ [ f .. 11 g "~ • ~ a ~ f f f I f i ~ r i l ~ ! ~ i I! l K i ~ {~ ~ i r· f [ I. r}fit I & i ~ ~ Ii' ~ ~ i IIt JI JI I I!! ~ :i i I . I r . ~ IV ~ ~ i i i i : I f ~. ~ ! ~. ~ ; g ~ f ~ f I ~ g il · I ,. § I I ti4 it I • I !J l r r ~ a I i J r 1 I i £ n I I. I i il: f -' i ~! Is p I ~ J ~ J ~ ~ I ~ I ~ 8 ~ i f I.: lI 1 i r ; J 8 - ~ I : ~ I J i I ~ I ~ I i' i I I i II ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ I £ ~ ~, I. i.. I i., i~. r t. ! 1~ 8 P r g i l:' i ~ l t : I ~ ~ i ! E f l:' F 3 ~.'! f I~ is. £ • ft.l a i K n:l ~ I1 i 1, 1~ ~ f : i ~ t i I E. ~ i ; ~ If i i.· ~ : 1.· ! I a ; 8 ~ ~ i I i 1 q i r I ; I r I r = I I ; p I I !; :: ~ r I i !I ~ I ... I B ! i i i I! a! i ~ J l e ~ r I r r I i r f ; i i ~ ~ i ~ r ~ 1 ~ , ~ i t t: ~ i ~ A a 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 J :. ~ ~ I I.· I ~ I e ~ I ! I i : I! ~, ~ ~. i ! ~ • ~ r i a u ~ • l ~ g ~ 1 k' ~ I ! t i' ~ H ; I ~. Ill;'; i i I. ~i i R ~ B: ~'lllt i 11.~t ! ! tr a ~ e. So 8 ~ a lt r I ; & a · 1 g j ... • & i K a · M. l1- n '" ".. '" M .. g . I .. . It .. ".rl i I '. ~ f f (1 : i a ~ ~ ' t t'f 0 "" ... 0. .. f ~ j ; ~ f I J.II l. I i ~ n ",... I B I· &1 J ~ r ~ ~ & • B 1 ,. (; I (l r ~ :i" i I ~ B r~1 a t I J i!" ~ ~~ 1~ ~ ~ I t I J J f ~ I .1 i 1 ~! ; ~ J f 1 jar 1 ~ f J I , & a. ~ ~ ! ~ • I is 5' 0 i l! If ~ : a .. ~ ~ ~ ~ I B ~ ~ i' ~ 1 ~ ~ fIr i ~ i ~ a '8 ! " ." K ~ I ~ g~ If B "! i M c ~ I .... t-I, • " X ,I :: ; I Il. ~, lot 9 g !I! , r I ~ • if ~. i n i ." ' ' - . a ... I 1 I... i . 8. t £: ~ It ~ ~ i " .... (f ," a ~ ~ I ,. It et 8. la' • ..' , r:, It t' ~ C ... ~ 8 i. Jt S 1i . f e,, oS I, ea· F R i ~', I " ~ i 1 r (i a I ------------------- As ll:M f'oea.l pobt for eo-onliMlth!l'!i aet1rities re1aft.ec! to sc1it1.11C:8 .. ~1C97 ~t u.. ~.1.at 1.n'e1. -It.!ldm ~ Geite4 ~0lU ~ U. ~ €or Sci/fClCle .1 fl ... 1i . .., a ;. R . IJ ~. 110 • I! a.... ~ I ~ r ; " .RI !, ~! i i t~ ~i i l i I I ~ , B l a ~ 11 I i • I (; ~ 1- I , M; i i ~ I. .~... ~ I r I... 5 I i 11 i.! i ~ ~ ~ it ~ ill j s.· . § g ~ ... • ~ J ~ J a ! · a. ill (Jf ! ~ l i ill ;. I i i I II ~ ;f !I! I ~ (iIi! ~ ; i·'. '8 t I i i ~! ~ E~ if f j. 8 I: a" r I ~ .. i a 2. r ~ f; i l! r i ~ g i ~ tl i t. l . .• ... I t i f i I ! 1 ~ · ~ [ ~ Jt ~ J « ~ i ! I I I i . . i I. a ! l f If r ~ i a! 1 J f: M 11 g. I i ~ • r ! :i i ~; f il t· f .1 a ; :. ... tJ , C. 0 ..., . 1. I M '11 I' i.,. I · ~ i II j£ i . . , ! 1 ~ M I ~ ~ t i .. l'" ~ • i "f 3 r: t : ~ i I. J f. I t I '. 1 ~ ~ i ! .. ! It! ~ '8 11 l i I ! 0 ! 1 ' t. · ft. i. 5 a t I ~i l i ; ~ ~ 0 e ; a ! I. l: a i £ 4 i ; ~ If 1 !,." le a 11 r I ~ ,~ ~ I = I I. f . ; ... ;.'. l' fI. "'I f.1 ~ ~1. i 5 =.1 1 s.. =a " ! ill g lt t ~ ~ I' ~ ~ ~ . .f i 1 i ~ i i f j I t I : I I i I i i I' .. 1'4 .. r i t . t: {; ... II I .. ~ I ~ i 11 ~~. i l; ~ i i le ~ i ! J ~ ~! . :; I ~(~ 'I i i [!"'~ If j If ! ~ ! i i ~ I I I I!. ~ ~ f t. I (i i i i " ~ i i I r: l i, 1 I '. 'I i l " I : ~ 6 • '~l I I ~ ~ ~ :. J I~ i i r~! i k ~ i;' ~ :. ; I.. I!Ii ~ II i El ~ £ ... ! i I a i 1 . ·1. : i I I i : · t I It: I 0 I I i i!! §ii i' i I !!. It· }~. B! f ~ f ~ I I i ~ i &... ~ ! i i i ~ r i! ;1 · , " i J. ' a i ~ ¥ l~. I I. =. · 1 t. 1. I,· · 1 i r .. 1 8 1 • i t I f ~ t : ~ I. t a!~:r 5 I ~ I ·1· ; 8. I· f i ! !.. i· c ... \ a a It i .- I I I- ! I a ~ .f 1 a &' .. 11 = ~ I "" ~ If 1: ... r .,.,,!t C.! 1..1 ~ ~... ~ . c ~ I ~f n I "0· ~ i I ~'. ~ lit ",. tit ~ ~ 1 ~ a g ~ ! ~ • ;' " i I ~ r r. I [ I -.. f D! .. .., ~, .~ "" ... I ~. r .., ; i = g I It i !. £ f 8 · I;.. i i I(i i . I I .. j 8 tt, i ~ ~ " i - ~ -- ! i f f I pi i. f . t J ~ ~ ! I ~ r: ~ ! I r ~ t ~ f ~ £ i "r ~ i ftL~IH,l~.~'.. ~ J J. Q. ~' f. ~ ; "'~ AA. t'I "!f~e If ~ I..e .. ~~. a I "" ! I ~ .. i ~ - .. .... . !. . t t t 3 ,.,. l r 'I .. iH\~R&f·II!H' I eo .' l'ir~11 i Se! hi wl f.~~ ... ~~lhlp'f'f., ..i Jd.1 et 1 i et .. ~ I\' ~i :::0.. aI' ~j1l! l' rh ~ 13 !~. if I ~.r S ~ ~ t" ~ &n r: ~ (4 . J:, r ; If" .. ~; .. It i j ..;. '. ,,~ ~. ~ ...... 1.1.;. I ". d 9 ~ '.... n ~' "n ~. - HI ~ "'C ~ ; i. ~f. I ,H· .. ~lfl~r•. ~IEPf~~.·!Pt[r'J~~~.. iFa~, 5 I 0 .1 := 81!tf ')l ;. i' .n r ,11;" 'c· , "' I nl.... Q~JI i ff 104 lA ... ... .. .f ~.... t' .. &~"l ~ ii ..... ~ ~ ~:. ~ !.I..~ '" ~ ~~ H. ~I.· ~P.. t.. f.=H n !.~ ! tj " i , SI. l: ~ • i ~jB lLduvrrh~Ig~f, lit IIIIiI.. .."::. .... .."' .... a , If ~ '~j I f.. I I i! I a. i. i 1 ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ =- a i ~ ~ e i ! · I It "I I lit JO i { ~ t t 1f i i i I t ~ I i i 1~ ill ! I I ~ t ~ ,! (r 1 i i gI 1 fir i r g! : ~ n M If 1:1! ~ "I it i i I i ~ r I f [ = " - _ f! i f i ' [ f I ! I ~ - M I ~ i '( i! f II f If ~ JI r I i i 8 I I s i J I I 1 i .. .;; f I. i f I I. l t I ~ f f !!. ~ ~ =' t ~ ! " , I f I if . i i J It l t~ i :. i ~ i f f I £ I i i 1 r . i $ I =.. 5 =!; - I ! =. ... 5 r t tt it a r ,,~ ,... i.1: r g i M a ~ eo! S l;;::~ I ~ t i I i a. r I ti! i : e I So ! I I r: I! 1 I = ::' ! ! !. .. , !; i ~ 11 Jl ~ f. ;' I ~ ... ! it" · i ..; eft I I ; ~ I f I . ; ~ ~ 1 1 I I ~ • .. i I) If It l ~ I a .:r~ "'.. ~ i i · I. i i i : i i I!i ~ ~ i ~ f ~ f I i i ) a ~ i t· I ~.' ~ i i a [ a ~':Ct e · i ~ ~ ~ ~ I i ~ ~ ~ • J , i t ~! 1" i i I I ! i i f ~ : ! · i ~ J i i a !.' I i i I ~, r! ( a" ~ ~ ! I' ~ ~ 11 , f ~ I ~ r ~. w it £ ... 11 illl' ! 8 a· £ I i ~ ! i i !r f! I i I ~ : I ! ; i ~!~ 1 f i (8: ~ ~ I; ~ i w &~ l E : i i ~ · £1 ! r &~ '. F ~ J J• .. g l.' a l I 1 I·~·,! i ~. rt K a : ~ !~" i ~, I i 'e ~. i ~!1 i & ~ i! , ~ rI i i i i i I" f • i I M • I ~ "It ; ~I· I r 0 .. ~I· =-;- I "' E.. M ~ w.' 1... f ! w i I l I g ~ ; I 3 I ~ ~ ~ e 19 a i i ~ ~. 1I &._ ~ ~ i ~ 11 ~ r~. i.' ! ~ ~ . l It ~ I r i ~ ; I 66 D: M,. a E ~ ~ a J B. R 0 "-It Co 0 ~! jfll ~ r a: ~ 0 I! ;: • rt '.. r: 5,i t f~ I 1 ! i I g i · i I ~ :1. f ;; ,~! I .., M .." t. a ~ if···! ..', 1.( .• . i ..; It g 'i • r ' t; ( tt ~ r;, I. t\ i ~ ! ~ If ~ ' i ~ ,I i r: i If ~ ~ i . ... ~ i i ~ l f i I· t . I • I" . I I i I ~ & ail , i ft i If i a ~ i ~ I • 1')". rt t: r i 1 g; l · c f ,'~ (; ~ ~ &;- i , ,. '. a ~ J I I It ~.. i _,. ~,. I.· : r' f i' i I· ~ t ~ • I ll, I ~! i.··~· l i,· I.. i ~ ;. j'; • ~ S i If lI. - -I P Illi f I i~ I · i g~. 5· !. i 'it: i l li i' t! II ~'J ~ if. I t 11 ~1111 ~ i I!' ~ I;'f 8. P" ~.lI ~ to' . Cl a.",JI u. tf.. 1 f ~! i! t ti" 1i.,. ~- i! I i'" a I lI. i ill e i Ii ~ f i ~ ~ ... " ill" 1'111 r ! I ai f ~ I g 11 i ~ '! i ~ J ~ i [ i ~ I Ii' i . I. ~ t till 1 i.· ~ ! I If." J ~ l 1.. .a I i ~ i · ~ I . • 'I 4 ~ [;. . 411 ~ C. ~ i ! f! It. i t. ~ l_ i • (. i ~ I ! I· I· I· El." f f ~ I 0. ... t ., I ,. I ; r , a. n' . ( l;' 1 - i.!! i I i to i i ; f. i i Ii. i !.. . r fi Q. l . I' ~ I .. cl r.t 8 i I I · i.' ~ i J I ~ i ~ M • u i I' 8 ' 1 f ~ a I .~ ~ g ! f ~ i J~ ~ ~ t ~ ! i ~ f ri' i f ~ 8 i ... ", ~ ~ ~ (4) '8 i Qk rt_'ek... of --88p) ~. I ~ «a ~ ~ I ; If,. ~ a' I ~ = i ~ K a i .. ;l i 0 ( ... ~ (; s'll t ,. ~ I , , ! i i If ] i 1 i ~ i r; 11 ~ l. I t f. ! $. I ~ I £ R I i F ~ ~ 1 ~ ! ] i r i I ~ J M i " B ~ I f I ~ I r r i .1 1 i t ~ I if' I 11 I I ! i P B !. i D 1 i:; i r l ~ r i i It' ~ • 1 ~ I .. $ i ; fiB ~ ..' & i D ~ i ~ i [ ~ i ~ ~ i .~ ~ ~ ~ - "":- I. ~ a.. 1 a. :.. f. i 'a .... f ~ i. ' I ,- I ~ ; R tr J _ e ~ t t!. 1 ~.. ~ l ~ i ~! i I ~ a : i! ~1 S I ~ _ I" ,~ ! ~ ~ ~ . ~ " $ I . 'I·" • r a ~ a' & ~ I g! ~ f ~ 1 8. i! ~ r a'] ~ ff i! 1 i r! i ~ ~ ~ ~:- I IiI ~ ~ :: !i fI:! ~ J! ~ ~ ii ~ ~ i i 1 ~ ~ ( i I i ~ ~ ! r i • I 4 r ~ i i·i I ~ i !I 1 It I' ~ J I i ; " .. i " f f ~ i e ~ • i · I 1 I ! i g i ~ If 0 a r ! • . __ I I :. I I. ~ J. f-· I '.. i. f I I.·· I I i.' ~ ,~. I ~. : i ~. - a"~" it ["f i I o,!: .. , Ri ~ lE: ~ ~ II =( ~ I! If!' tit Il~ ~ g r I ~' J it ~ f 4 I ~ g R ~ 1.0 : ~ - ! i 0 & ( ~ i ,. ~ I ~ ! ~J' a ~ I i!J · i a: ... _., i ! :; i ... =- i r ~ I .; t i i ~ I 1 ~ ~ 2 a a .. ; l ,"i li r r · ! ! E ~ f. ~ ~._ t: ~ i [ f ! i r J l .!. I = ~ I S I I i RI n ;- i a g ! o! 1 a i I 4'~ ...... il:l i" 'I • 11 ~ i 1 1I !. I, i. i ! I. *: i I ! p '1. I I i ~ r r U i · ~ ! i B r i 1 E ~ - ~ £ I 'i I a i.~ a J ~ 11 i ~ i !ll! I i Il,i" ~ I i a ~ .. I Ir 1· .. ... " i " r i ~ I 'f!. ... t" I _ ~ i J ~!t~ ... ~ I. I n 11 t } i " i . 11 ~ l s ~ t I t tI: Ii ~ a f 111'1 i a· i f l i i ~ ; i 1i 1 ~ J ~ tt ~ f b ~ Jr ! ~ ft - ~J I t R. li Ii;;~ ,- t i 1! It i ~ f J I i 11 E( • i J~. ; i ~ ~ ~ i 11 ~ f g g Is:, I n ..-. 11 g '8" i i; ~l'l r ~ ~ t J ~ At;· u ~ i I e 9 ; I i : g i - ~, !I g i ~ ~ ~ 4 i !"~ I I 1 t [ , l g I ~ ~ '( i i ! B I i } f ! if! i J: i i i ~~ I· i a" i tl: I i i a .. i.l" 15 I : I : i ~ " i i : : ! I I ~ i f ~ I: ¥ ~ ~ I i i! f ~ I ~ i ; f If I i i ! [ i ~ 1 i!; I G i £ e ~ I !f lr ! r ! t I• &1 B ~~ II i I ! ! ~ ft =' ~ ~ . a t ~ ! I! 1ill I I ~ " t • 1 i if" I ~ I~! ~ .... ! ~~.¥ a 11 ~ If 5, 5 f l! ~;~ ~! ~ .. ~ ~ i f!, l I ~ ; ~ I ~ I B ~ , t . I' lit' ~ I ' a a I; i l} ~: i if t" li: r 1 ~ a · i 1 ~ =. ! 11 ~ i. .. r ! f . ! r · t ! I ~ s .. , I 1 I f ~ I f' fi' ~! !fjl1 ~. i'11. . . l( f ! ~ f p r i If ! f i 1 ~ i f 1 II ! i ~ I i It e a f:- 9 ~ ... f'f i .. J i J ~ .. i I ~ · i r ~ f I i l [!i i i J ! ~ t1 I r· ~ I·· i J i a ~ I 'i .~ I ~ t , i ! : I ;, (fi ~ ~ ~ I·~ ~ ~ 5 ~. ~; 5 f t; ft - ~ l I ~ I I ~ ~ a I r (i I I ~ r i & ; • g 1 Ii' 1 i 1 ! II ~ f; ~ ~ l 1 i ~ I t r if i ,," i It:..... ~ l.t • ~ a f ~ • f ! i 1 ~ ~ ~ I i , ~ I i · I! ~ r: I : !.l I i 11. ~~. ~l ~ ~ ~ I " i w I I, t • , ~ 1 c ~... I..: i I i I I i i i K i .. f' ('; I C. i '!. w ,"' ~, "i ;;' = a ~ i I I i . t 1 I!; I i ~ I· 1· ~ 1 ,. [ r I ~ E ~ I 'iB ~ ~ J ~ i I .. '3 I i. l:: f a 4 ! · ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ! t I I i 1 ~ · ~ I . ! i ~ ~ q - • F I. l~i-- il 1>( i I I I ~ I £ i f t I I~ ~ a I '0 l ! . . r:. M 0 ~ ~ I 0 £to ! fl 2 t ~ 11 I!. ~ • ;" • l • ~ ll, .. ~ I! ~ l ~ : · ~ ~f 1 ~ iI ~ i 11] ~ i i' i i I: a £~] a ~ . ; .f ". t ~ ! ~ I $ u It! J " 1 ! ! ; ,. ~ · I u .. ..- .1 c .. ~" ~ 1:'1 a"C ;; 'U. N'" · If; ~ ~ ~ i i . ~ i I . I " J. # ! t.' ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~~,. a et. !' t. c, r f R u· r. ~ 'R I ~ i g...... Ji Co Ii ... 0 e... R ... a '"' .. ~ t1. s 4 ~ 1 " td I I'll lA ~ tl .. f: • ! 0 ' ...' =. i ~, I 1 := 8 wit", "'" '" ~ r" ,.,. ~ ~ a . c. ..... 1 ,... a.It.'• 1.' ~. i j ~ ~ g. '" W i' et; i a i I '. ~ " c.: ... 1 Vi. Cl,s a ~ ... g G ... r:. "I' ~ '" nt B i .... il' i i a e;~ M I r.: ~ r et ~" i ~' · 0.;'" ~ • ~. !l r ~ I ~t .~ K e:.t f'" ~ i ... £ r £.. "':'. i " ~ 4' f:; JI ... c. I ,.... I I ... ... ... e. Q i; i. _ _ _ _ ~. i I; i I' ll, I . · i.• g i ~ ~ ~t 1g'" t: I i- S' .., ::.f t K j l. ,S' • ft' .... S' !.~, '1' . C. 1:"t" '1 » ~ i i ri' r K I.'; l.~, ~ ~:! a j. L~. I I., I ~ i pia ... giB ~ t i 1· t , I " .... j.e: ~ =- •. ~ i!; 1 it.; 11•• i =- ;;- J ~ i g g = il J £ K" 8 ! I ., B ~ ~. t i f I ~ ~I! ~i ! ~ ']! (r a· a. ~.. • ~ I &. I" ~ ~ El!' I i ! ar ' t I. 1 Q' , M i ' w I ~ .~ • f'f " t «aft neoh\t;.lQa vcsn..3S. !tI tirletnt -.r ~ tllt tJIaIt ' ....., Sl:eee tUt 6aes lIOt ~ to" tM c:Mle. r &tIIt&U ~,... flI.lt it. ~ dle vot:e first. tallJi • la :.".,,: ~s.~....:n••'a.~1&.. ~ ~, ~...# .~ .1.... ~ ~ Sorift Soc!..u.~ 1ilt\,"Uc. Od•• e.a.. DjS~ I'aI:1.a, t'.1ldoGIdl., Ins (lal-.Je ..,''''Ue ~). ~ "....., E8Ialt.. LIo ....1.·. ~ec:nd.c..,lIttlle. t.UIJ .. ~ »nit '" litlrip.. Mec:!..,.,.,-cmr.. -.:h.'J'S.1&. 1IaU", JIIIu1t-'•• ~ld_. JIoncce. Jba~IApe. ~.w.... .1B9H'. a...,. ~ Q!Iar. s.u. J..nId-... SaNI"", k.lt..b ••, I••", • I.n..... tr1'd. - .lnIil ...dlUe.. T:da.laad .. ~... ~hd.... Vs .... 'Ilkn..iaia ~ ,l4JchtJI.R. ....l.lc:.. 8II1ol, of' ~ Soci.U~ ~IQ.. 8&lt.t A.r& 1lalrat.M. 8lUU4 ......uc ~ ......1.... Y!K .... -r.-a.. ~ ~1a. ~ 'e'as: ~. ~ "1~-" ~b.. Cftat'e. CHt-a tiea.. CMdIss~ ... Id" 1JopJ.lea.. Demll.icaa ....Uc.. f'lji ... ,,1-1.-4. '1'1_" Gee I 7 ... Grneca -DfU7.. 'lce1ai4., I'nba!... 1~.. 1~". ~ "11 t 1lIa14beo". 1letbH'1 .... zeal..... -WiJ. hJ ~ 1&* Sa!At Loc:I Sd&t Yl-=eet: .-4 tall OIl , I Slst-... the.. hrbr.. uaitM ~ .£ ~ 1Jilr'1t.&la .. ~ Inl.Md. tb1W1 ~ o~ JlaKic:a ., ~r dta -)~ oe: -.t4U.... ~. tJila Seenuida>t ~ it III.8d ~to~ .. 1 '~~lll~~1 .... or IS'P"F ~ "fO li'J is =g I 11 M" arl~! ~t • III f iii ~ Jilt :~lif"IJJff'JIIJI t jlh Jil!Jdf H'h¥i~J¥ · I ~lr' firJ[!,JlsJjr,!fJi t e~~J il!IJ!IIJ;Ji:i~r!i ~ 1i"F lt',' $ .r~ ;1.',hi ~ ! "PJ . " .. w - .. ~ . ~ . , ~. r: .. It;~f Eti, ~! i:'w~hi i'l; F~ili~"I!I'III'!~ ! g'" a~ ... 'If ii,~ fJllltlri'5!1"IP~ i!.I; fiiE·F[Jtf~.·:f[ff!J;JJ .....! '.-r .... 1. i n w. - . " - ... If to" fJ a""'" "'-- !J. I··l~~·.·.•!!! . !i~~~ ~, . ,t,,~~flt!r&t!x 'J ... i... ~·· ~~· ... ~I~~~·'~E .(f~ Qlfj .. , .... ; .... " , ",. M ~ " '\ , ., " »nuhlllSl: ~ Md k1ilcda.. .a..sUl-. ..'!'U.... ~.. !Iat.1garla.. ~. Udcea "relic:.. 0Cle:jJ0.. COt.e ""I1l"01re.. CHdIloslon:t1a.. noel"lea.. oa-!.ic:aa ~~#rlil.. l'!elU'd.. Gnece.. Zait:! ~.. .::-.a1ea.,. .J ~'teb.. Kaled... Ma1ta. Pape.e 5tv Sal..... ~ J .... Sa.iX EltU &ad JIarri.s.. S&bt tecia.. sal.at Yivceat .. u.e ~. ~ SOle.:- :rs1a&ds.. Sp.UJt.. SW5ec.. fhwJaa7 pat. xu.olf4ia WUlL.)5c M • wltple. 'I'M .",'2U1l br " ~" to l'c !dUi 32 .~spt:.lou (resol=t:.1oa unJ A) •• 1. fl:!'OU: ~...z1.su=" All::tuia.. .:..1gerb.. ~'" Bugl~ Ball•• ~... ~ !So11ri&., JIot>.......... k'ale1 J:lI&nsssal_.. aukba FMo... ~ ~ SoYlet Socla'ist ~11c.. ea-trooa.. c::.pe ~... Qa4.. Ot!s&.. ~, Coe;ao.. ~ C)pn:s.. Dj~.. Gaboc, G-wbla.. GNrN... ~... G=:at:..la, 0.1-..... ~ssae.. ~ ..,.uu.. I"l!i.... ~sl... Ins (Is1alt!e IlepcbUc of), IUCJ... Joriaa.. ~ ~t.. t.ao People". D••oaatie Ilap.JbUe.. ~... ~. ~ ~ J Srira.. MO',",gasea'C. Malaph.. Hal41Te41.. Mall... ".d~l .... Marulti *::dc:o.. ~lia", 'Jbrocco... .JIi)'aMblqwe. JlMdbu.. 1Ilgu.. Blgttria.. 01u3l...~ ftd.Upplan.. Qatu', .~ '.SM41 ~.. ~.. $ltJd!lRUes... Sierra ~.. St.wall... Sri J.&rb... $:mchm, ~Ua4.. $JTl&lil MM ~e.. %rlaJ<h4 ud ~.. ~s1a.. '!'uH.7.. '~... ~ Soriet Soe1allst -.-lie, tfd.oc. o.f .Soriet; Soclal.bt ~les.. U:dted 1r&1> ~. U&1te4 ~lc of ~i... ~.. l"iK ...... T-... 'bgoalaYia... %MId... 'Zf~ !aiut: A.1:l:I:traU.a.. k191 ew.-.. ~l~ ... ~t ... l'U:.1aad.. f'r&lilC1t1' Ge~ zy.. IClt.1allld.. lrelaa4.,. ISnliel.. :ItalY'''' ,J~.. Lu~~ ...u.r~....... ka1U11d... Ibntl8'J"... ~.. i'ort-.;al. Stte6Ie... 0alt:e4 &'i~ of" ~ ar.lu..b .-.s Ilo~nl IR:lud... Od.b4 S't.at.M:. of katr!..e& .~r u. 4e~tlQID et; hJpu. .... QUDiIN ~d tbe Secntt.ari&t tJ::;:e.t it .had i&t~ to ~t.e ha f&'WOU'. g~ lE. Ji I I. i i; w e~ , g ! . .,B fl "C!i it i~ If if !~.' H~~jif ~hJ ! ~~i!. ~[ ;J'r···' f j J"I'!f UF· le "III'~ .,-".,1, S"· , J .. , ..... , \ ;; (1' '1 If tr '... ,., .. ~. i=lr t fr£' Hh f~J E~' H~li ~ · ~c q ~ l ~f;' ~ , i ill ~ i I [ t! r ~! i a t: li ~ ! ~ • a i i l' i ~ I.! fl. ... 'r g ~ I a ~ *l ~ I: il l I i . I a I ~ ~ · ! ~ g, ~ j ~ I 1~ I i ~ ~ ~ i' ~~ I i - I; iir. tl~ i t i §i fl ~ It · t - A ~ 1 I i =. I ~~~I!I~R ~ J~i~ ~.~ ~ .• &.. I ~. I. $.. I g I 8. it! ! 1-' I G ~ i ! E ~ I I I g I» · r I f i 0 ~ lO4Wo· iel·" I ! r Ii'-..,. ;.. i ~! i i ".'i) · ~ i llo i g ll. D g I i' - I; r g !:( ~ Ir rJ ~ Ii" I(~ l" i _.- a ". ~. ~ er ~. f i i~..~ I i I a i ; l I 1 i I ; f i ~ I - ! ~ ~ , tJ!e Go1aa Iki.qlsu...wtll!dl ish dl:nct .,io~a1ce... ~ ~. Sec::srlty ~U %'aOlmUoo 4.9'1 Ut(1). 1:IIiIftefo« ar ~1 Id: ~ tbt u. dlac.isioG.by ~ ~ i i! I '". ~ ;•. I .t~.· i ~.. ~ I s.~. 4 .i t.·, ~. J ! , J i. t • ~ i. J r! lit i l I ~ ! ~ f . I i ~ · • · :, ; .~ ~\ i • I R g ! g ~ ri' I i & I i I i "I. i ~ . l.i i ~ w. · s r " ~ .. . I I I ~ ~ ·f' " I i !, I .' g .. r. t I ~ a· w 11 [4 .t a g i. s" B ~ ~ l; - ~ I ~ .. ~ ~ ~ · 11 I .. i i ~ 11, i - ~ a ~ i i ~ I r.i" A; 11 J f· i - & • I ! i j J i· ~ lr i I; i r"'11 ~ • ~~li~ii:ifl:~iii!5ili .. ~ 1 4 . t! i 1ll. 1 i i :: i ~ [~r i I ~ g J' e g i~ ~ I ~ _.. • I i ~ 11 1 '. I fit f j till. I ~ [ f i • K f I" ! 1 f ~ n g I i I · e ~ e ~ .. I ; t r i I 'g i· I; 11 f fa J n ~ I ft- '! ~ 0 i I g I ; JI!f I tt I I i 1·~ i I I ~ a 5 i I f i i ~ i I ~ I g i J t· 1 I il ~i E ~. t [i .. ~ l [i a 'r i . .. ~ . ~... ~ i r. i I .. i L ~~ t) . I l: ~ i i J\ t . w . - I f; ~ I i i I if ~l: r I 1 J !, [ ' .. t ... ~ F ~ .... ~ i ~ ... I . ~··4 t I ~ I 11.·....... i · I I i i ~g i if! ~ ~ i * ~ ~ I i ~ I Jfi i i J 8 1 ! i i ; ~ ~. ~ i j KI 9 ! .-? ..,. c t J; a l I l _. . . ... .. r ~ 11 . i .0 £ ., t ,g i I J(!!I! ! ~! i I ! ! ~ ~ ~ 4 i.= eM said ha£t ~~ ~ 4l.nc:tl7 or ~r 'WJd4 ~1" recoplt:.1.olD of tl:ae Zio::U$t eat.ity .la tllle occapi.e4 unri~1es rescl'lllt1.os W ..SIt..36. ~••r,_ ~ llbto SUbt ~ Jm4 ~ S, 12 ~ 13 bee= ~ to ~ Yotes .. ~ .... ~ ca all of UMla.. (Mlr" JMr. J.f'a'R km "''''riD) ~~ I; i ~ 1It ~ rl •• 1 f. 'ft M 1 is M i i i £ i ~ I .. I ' 1~ G I 1 I ~ !I • f t f i ;, W ' i I #' 1 ~ i ~ i ~ f ~ ! -. It : ~ i 1 It i I 'li' i I,,! 1:.' ,. ~ ~ .. · r ~ ··1 ij I tf! t .. , .. ~ (; 8 ! 8 ~ .~ I = t ! g. ~ ~ ! ~. i ~ 4a1epcloa of !:al~r: 6Iclad to abrtal.a 18 dle ~ ":I&4Rf~ rHOl.uc- U4S1'L.)S ~ .. f'ae1 tIt.lialt; its biI3t ~ia .....i"9~ j""i\- .4'IIU ... crit::icbes.. It:. ___ 1-'I'Z'CF"!at.e tbt.: die ~ra1 I.sslllldl!ly ~ ~ ~~ reso}a?;!ou ~ "1~ of ~ 1IlOIK14 ... "f.!OU4' ~ it- .. a;ree ~y tU.t it is ""'Hq to ~ d,1 ~ of. Uleir cMy ~ e14e bJ' tM ~ioct:s of ~ 1........ ~&rlr ~ re!M'I"'$to U. h"'issUll.i~ofU. -