A/RES/32/191 GA

V. Resolntions adopted on the reports of the Second Committee 119 6. Endorses the request made by the Economic and Social Council in paragraph 6 of its resolution 2124 (LXIII). 107th plenary meeting 19 December 1977 32/191. Sperific action related to the particular needs of the land-locked developing countries The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 2971 (XXVII) of 14 De- cember 1972, 3169 (XXVIII) of 17 December 1973, 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974, 3311 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974, 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 and 31/157 of 21 December 1976, Bearing in mind Trade and Devclopment Board reso- lution 109 (XIV) of 12 September 1974,172 in which the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was requested to take ap- propriate and positive action on thc relevant recom- mendations of the Group of Experts on the Transport Infrastructure for Land-locked Developing Countries, Recalling also resolutions 63 (III) of 19 May 1972173 and 98 (IV) of 31 May 1976174 of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Bearing in mind the other resolutions and decisions adopted by the United Nations and its related agencies envisaging special action in favour of the land-locked developing countries, Recalling further Economic and Social Council reso- lution 2127 (LXIII) of 4 August 1977, Concerned with the slow progress being made in the implementation of specific action in favour of those countries, Recalling the provisions of its resolution 31/ 157 and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations with respect to the exercise of the right of land-locked de- veloping countries to free access to and from the sea, as well as their right to freedom of transit, 1. Rea[firms the right of free access to and from the sea of the developing land-locked countries, as well as their right of freedom of transit; 2. Invites the developed countries, other States and international organizations and financia! institutions to implement specific action for the benefit of such coun- tries, as envisaged in resolutions 63 (III) and 98 (IV) of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Devel- opment and other resolutions adopted by the United Nations; 3. Urges members of the international community to provide land-locked developing countries with tech- nical and financia! assistance in the form of grants or concessional loans for the construction, improvement 172 Jbid., Twenty-ninth Session, Supplemcnt No. I 5 (A/9615/ Rev.1 ) , annex I. 173 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Third Session, vol. I, Report and Annexcs (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.73.II.D.4), annex LA. 174 /bid., Fourth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.76.II.D.10 and corrigendurn), part one. sect. A. and maintenance of their transport and transit infra- structure and facilities; 4. Requests the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other agen- cies within the United Nations system to take effective mea~ures in order to provide increased resources to meet the technical assistance needs of the land-locked developing countries; 5. Confi,rms paragraph 6 of Economic and Social Council resolution 2127 (LXIII). 107th plenary meeting 19 December 1977 32 .'192. Rever!'le transfer of technolo~y Thc General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974 containing the Declaration and thc Programme of Action on thc Establishment of a New Tnternational Economic Order and 3281 (XXIX) of 12 Dccember 197 4 containing the Charter of Eco- nomic Rights and Duties of States, Bearing in mind its resolution 3017 (XXVII) of 18 December 1972 on the outflow of trained personnel from developing to developed countries, Recalling also Economic and Social Council reso- Iution 1904 (LVII) of 1 August 1974 on the outflow of trained personnel from developing to developed countries, in which the Council, inter alia, recommended that countries which benefit from the ''brain drain", particularly those which gain most from the "brain drain" from developing countries, should consider the adoption of measures which would help, directly or indirectly, to diminish the gravity of the problem, Rea{firming its resolution 3362 (S-VII) of 16 Sep- tembcr 1975 on development and international eco- nomic co-operation, in which it emphasized, in section III, paragraph 1 O, the urgent need to formulate national and international policies to avoid the "brain drain" and to obviate its adverse effects, Endorsing resolution 87 (IV) of 30 May 1976 of the Unitcd Nations Confcrence on Trade and Devclop- ment174 concerning the strengthening of the techno- logical capacity of developing countries and, in par- ticular, paragraph 18 thereof, in which the Conference recommended that ali countries, particularly those bene- fiting from the "brain drain", should, in the light of the studies assessing the magnitudc, composition, causes and effects of thc outflow of trained personnel from the developing countries which were called for in resolu- tion 2 (I) of 5 Deccmbcr 1975 of the Committee on Transfer of Technology, 17G consider what measurcs might be nccessary to deal with the problems posed by such an outflow, C onscious that the development process of the devel- oping countries, particularly thcir capacity to strengthen their domestic tcchnolog:cal potential, is crucially de- pendent on the supply of highly trained pcrsonnel, and 17" See Of]icial Records of tlze Trade al'ld Development Board, Seventlz Special Session, Supp/ement No. 4 (TD/B/ 593), annex l.

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