A/RES/41/90 GA

102 General Assembly-Forty-first Session 8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-second session, on the basis of ali replies received and notifications submitted in im- plementation of the present resolution and taking into ac- count the debate on this question during its forty-first ses- sion, an updated report on the strengthening of security and co-operation in the Mediterranean region; 9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-second session the item entitled "Strengthening of security and co-operation in the Mediterranean region". 96th plenary meeting 4 December 1986 41/90. Review of the implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security The General Assembly, Having considered the item entitled "Review of the im- plementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security", Noting with concern that the provisions of the Declara- tion on the Strengthening of International Security112 have not been fully implemented, Recalling the duty of States not to intervene in the inter- na) or externa) atfairs of any Sta te, in accordance with the purposes and principies of the Charter of the United Na- tions, Recalling the Declaration on Principies of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among Statcs in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 109 the Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention and Interference in the Interna) Atfairs of States113 and the Manila Declaration on the Peaceful Set- tlement of International Disputes, 114 Profoundly disturbed by the escalation to new levels of the arms race, particularly in nuclear weapons, and the danger of its extension into outer space, by the policy of competition for spheres of influence, domination and ex- ploitation, by the increasing recourse to the use or threat of use of force, military intervention and interference, ag- gression and foreign occupation, by the intensification and expansion of the scope and frequency of manoeuvres and other military activities, by the aggravation of existing crises in the world, by the continued infringement of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries, by the denial of the right to self-determination of peoples under colonial and foreign occupation and by attempts to characterize erroneously the struggles of peo- ples for independence and human dignity as falling within the context of East-West confrontation, thus denying them the right to self-determination, to decide their own destiny and realize their legitimate aspirations, by the per- sistence of colonialism, racism and apartheid supported by the growing use of military force, and by the lack of solu- tions to the world economic crisis in which the deeper un- derlying problems of a structural nature have been com- pounded by cyclical factors and which has further aggravated the inequalities and injustices in international economic relations, ali ofwhich pose a grave threat to glo- bal peace and security, Aware ofthe increasing interdependence among nations and ofthe fact that in the present-day world there is no al- ternative to a policy of peaceful coexistence, détente and 112 Resolution 2734 (XXV) 113 Resolution 36/ 103, annex 114 Resolution 37 /10, annex co-operation among States on the basis of equality, irre- spective of their economic or military power, political and social systems or size and geographic location, Convinced that a comprehensive and just solution to pressing international problems, such as achieving peace and security, disarmament and development, can be as- sured only through negotiations, based on the principies of the Charter of the United Nations, in which ali countries participate on an equal footing, Reaffirming the role of the United Nations asan indis- pensable forum for negotiations and reaching agreements on measures to promote and strengthen international peace and security, Stressing the need for the main organs of the United Nations respoPsible for the maintenance of peace and security, parti::ularly the Security Council, to contribute more etfectively to the promotion of international peace and security by seeking solutions to unresolved problems and crises in the world, 1. Reaffirms the validity of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security, and calls u pon ali States to contribute etfectively to its implementation; 2. Urges once again ali States to abide strictly, in their international relations, by their commitment to the Charter of the United Nations and, to this end: (a) To refrain from the use or threat of use of force, in- tervention, interference, aggression, foreign occupation and colonial domination or measures of política) and eco- nomic coercion which violate the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence and security of other States, as well as the permanent sovereignty of peoples over their natural resources: (b) To refrain from supporting or encouraging any such act for any reason whatsoever and to reject and refuse recognition of situations brought about by any such act; 3. Ca/Is upan ali States, in particular the nuclear- weapon States and other militarily significant States, to take immediate steps aimed at: (a) Promoting and using etfectively the system of col- lective security as envisaged in the Charter: (b) Halting etfectively the arms race and achieving general and complete disarmament under etfective inter- national control and, to this end, to start serious, meaning- ful and etfective negotiations with a view to implementing the recommendations and decisions contained in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General As- sembly,9 and to fulfilling the priority tasks listed in the Programme of Action set forth in section III of the Final Document; 4. Invites all States, in particular the major military Powers and States members of military alliances, to re- frain, especially in critica! situations and in crisis areas, from actions, including military activities and manoeu- vres, conceived within the context of East-West confron- tation and used as a means of pressure on, threat to and destabilization of other States and regions; 5. Expresses lts conviction that the gradual military disengagement of the great Powers and their military al- liances from various parts of the world should be pro- moted; 6. Urges ali States, in particular the permanent mem- bers of the Security Council, to take ali necessary measures to prevent the further deterioration of the inter- national situation and. to this end: 111. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the First Committee 103 (a) To seek, through more effective utilization of the means provided for in the Charter, the peaceful settlement of disputes and the elimination of the focal points of crisis and tension which constitute a threat to international peace and security; (b) To proceed without delay to a global consideration of ways and means for bringing about a reviva! of the world economy and for the restructuring of international economic relations within the framework ofthe global ne- gotiations with a view to establishing the new interna- tional economic order; (e) To promote acceleration of the economic develop- ment of developing countries, particularly the least devel- oped ones; (el) To implement urgently measures agreed upon to ameliorate the critica! economic situation in Africa, which is the result, in ter afia, ofpersistent inclement climatic fac- tors; 7. Emphasizes the role that the United Nations has in the maintenance of peace and security and in economic and social development and progress for the benefit of all mankind; 8. Stresses that there is an urgent need to enhance the effectiveness of the Security Council in discharging its principal role of maintaining international peace and security and to enhance the authority and enforcement capacity of the Council in accordance with the Charter; 9. Emphasizes that the Security Council should con- sider holding periodic meetings in specific cases to con- sider and review outstanding problems and crises, thus enabling the Council to play a more active role in prevent- ing conflicts; JO. Reiterates the need for the Security Council, in particular its permanent members, to ensure the effective implementation of its decisions in compliance with the relevant provisions of the Charter; 11. Considers that respect for and promotion ofhuman rights and fundamental freedoms in their civil, political, economic, social and cultural aspects, on the one hand, and the strengthening of international peace and security, on the other, mutually reinforce each other; 12. Reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples under colonial domination, foreign occupation or racist régimes and their inalienable right to self-determination and independence, and urges Member States to increase their support for and solidarity with them and their na- tional liberation movements and to take urgent and effec- tive measures for the speedy completion of the implemen- tation ofthe Declaration on the Granting oflndependence to Colonial Countries and Peopies97 and for the final elimination of colonialism, racism and apartheid; l 3. Calls upan all States, particularly the members of the Security Council, to take appropriate and effective measures to promote the fulfilment of the objective of the denuclearization of Africa in order to avert the serious danger which the nuclear capability of South Africa con- stitutes to the African States, in particular the front-line States, as well as to international peace and security; 14. Welcomes the continuation of the process within the framework of the Conference on Security and Co- operation in Europe and the successful conclusion of the Stockholm Conference on Confidence- and Security- building Measures and Disarmament in Europe; 15. Reaffirms that the democratization of interna- tional relations is an imperative necessity enabling, under the conditions of interdependence, the full development and independence of ali Sta tes, as well as the attainment of genuine security, peace and co-operation in the world, and stresses its firm belief that the United Nations offers the best framework for the promotion of these goals; 16. Invites Member States to submit their views on the question of the implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security, and requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the General As- sembly at its forty-second session on the basis of the re- plies received; 17. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-second session the item entitled "Review of the im- plementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security". 96th plenary meeting 4 December 1986 41/91. Need for result-oriented political dialogue to im- prove the international situation The General Assembly, Recalling the unanimous commitment to the purposes and principies ofthe Charter ofthe United Nations and to the solution of international problems through dialogue, negotiation and co-operation, reaffirmed by the Member States on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations, in particular during the Security Coun- cil's special meeting on 26 September 1985, Noting with satisfaction the resumed dialogue between the leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America, and hoping that every effort will be undertaken by both States with a view to achieving agreements on the halting of the nuclear-arms race, on a radical reduction of their nuclear arsenals, on nuclear disarmament and on the prevention of an arms race in outer space, Deeply con cerned by the escalation of the arms race, par- ticularly in the field of nuclear weapons, and the risk of its extension into outer space, as well as by the increasing re- course to the threat or use of force in international affairs, by military intervention and aggression, and by the preva- lence of tensions and conflicts, the denial of the peoples' right to self-determination and the continued existence of colonialism, racism and apartheid, Also concerned about the lack of progress in solving glo- bal problems such as the development of equitable inter- national economic relations, environmental protection and the elimination of hunger, poverty and exploitation, Considering that, in the nuclear and space age, peace and security cannot be brought about through confrontation, but only through collective political efforts and at the low- est possible leve! of armament, Welcoming the growing awareness that dialogue and ne- gotiations are imperative in order to improve international relations, generate a clima te of trust and resol ve global is- sues facing humanity, 1. Calls upan States to make a consistent effort to ob- serve fully the provisions set forth in the Charter of the United Nations in order to strengthen international peace and security; 2. Calls far the continuation, to that end, of the políti- ca! dialogue and negotiations in good faith, taking into ac- count the legitimate interests of all States, in accordance with the relevant principies of the Charter and being guided by a sincere desire for results; 3. Appeals to all Member States to enhance the role of the United Nations as a forum for political dialogue and

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