A/RES/42/173 GA

130 General Assembly-·-F<1rh-second Session 3. Considen that thc 1rnpkmc11tatum ,,f 11~ rcsolutw11 41/213 in the economic ,rnd ,,xial fiekh ,hould take int,, account the fac1 that the 111-dept h -.t udy of the U mted Na tions intergovernmental -.1 ru, ture and function;, 111 the economic and ~ocia! fiekb. as _-alled ror III scctl(ln 1, para graph 1 (e), of that rcsol11t1un 1, under \\a~ 4. Recogniz,·s that ad¡ustment, in the ,tructure of the Secretariat in the cconom1l· and ,ocia! fields w1II he re quired as a result of ongomg rt·v1cw, and ofthe work ofthe Special Commi"sion of the Eumom1c and Social Cnunc1I on the In-depth Study of thc l mted '\latwns lnterg,,vern mental Structure and F1111rt1,.rn, 1n the Fcnnom1c and S,, cial Fiel&,. 1/órh plenury mettin,1; ! l Decemher '91?7 42/171. Guidelines for í nternational decade~ The General 4ssemhl~ Recalling its decision 15/4 .. '.4 of " December 1980. i-,-, which it adopted the guidelme, fm mternational years ami anniversaries contained in the annex lo Eumomic and So cial Council re-;olution 1CJ801ó7 of .'~ July 1980, Considering 1t desirablc to ,~stablish ,m11lar guideline, for the designation of internatwnal dccades, l. Invites thc Econorrnc and Social Council t,, con sider, at its second regular session of 1988, guideli11es for the designation offuturc mternat1011al dccadcs and to suh mit its recommendatiom h> thc Cicncral .\ssembl~ at 11•, forty-third sess1011 2. Requests the Secn:tary ( icneral, r hcrcforc, 1" sL1h mit to the Economic and So,:ial Council al 1ts second regu lar session of 1988 a repnrl ,>11 g111delincs for futun· inte, national decad,·s, íncludm¡! h 1t·,.,,mn11.:ndatllH1s W1th p/('nary mef'ling 1' [),,c,mher '9/F 42/172. International corle nf rnndud 011 the tram,fer of technology The General Asscmh/1 Recalling its resolution 411 lób ,1f ~ December 1<>86 on an international code of ,·, Hld 11c1 , ,11 t h(' 1 ransfer of tech nology, 1. Takes note of the report ¡ ,f t he Secretary-General ,, ,f' the United Nations Confere11ce 011 frade and Develop ment on the consultations held m 19~'7 relatmg to the ne gotiations on an internatmn 11 ,_·ndc , ,f ,, onduct 11n the transfer of teclmology: 1' 2. Notes that the consultat1ons -:,iuld not be finahzed 1n 1987 and that a number of suggest1011s were made in thc course of the consultatll1ns conccrnmg the poss1blt- solu tion to the issucs outstand1ng ,n il1c draft code ,.if conduct; 16 3. Invites the Secretary -G,·neral of t he U nited Nation., Conference on Trade ami Development and the Presiden! of the United Nations Confcrence on an lnternational Code of Conduct on thc Transfer uf Tcchnology te, com plete their consultations w11 h regional groups and in ter ested Governmcnts with , ,1e1,1, 1,1, 1dentif\ing appwpria1c 11 A/42/678 16fbid., paras S 111 "1lut1ons 10 the ¡.,sues outstanding in the draft code of con- , luct.. 4. Further únites the Secretary-General of the United '\,at1011s Conference on Trade and Developmen1 to report 1,, thc General Assembly at its forty-third session ifsufli- ,.·1ent progress is made in the consultations referred to in paragraph 3 abme, and to recommend, in the light of the ,:,msultations, a11y further action relating to the negotia- r1ons on a code (1Í conduct, including the possible recon- H:ning of the United Nations Conference on an Interna- ' 1, mal Code of C,,mduct on the Transfer of Technology 96th plenary meeting l l Decemher 1987 42/173. Economic measures as a means of political and economic coercion against developing countries The General Assembly, Recalling the relevan! principies set forth in the Charter ,>f the United Nations, Recalling also 11s resolutions 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970. containing the Declaration on Principies oflnterna- 11lmal Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co- ' ,peration among States in accordance with the Charter of he United Nations, 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974, containing the Declaration and the Programme of <\ction on the Establishment of a New International Eco- nomic Order, and 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974, ,_.,mtaining the Chartcr of Economic Rights and Duties of "tates, Reaffirming art1cle 32 of the Charter of Econom1c R ights and Duties of States, which declares that no Sta te may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any , 11 her type of measures to coerce another State in order to ,.1bta111 from it thc subordination ofthc exercise ofits sov- 1.·reign rights, Bearing in mind thc general principies governing inter- 11ational trade and trade policies for development con- iained in its resolution 1995 (XIX) of 30 December 1964, 1 ·nited Nations Conference on Trade and Development resolution 152 (VI) of 2 July 198317 on rejection of coer- cwe economic measures, and the principies and rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and para- graph 7 (1ii) of the Ministerial Declaration adopted on ~() November 1982 by the Contracting Parties to the Gen- ,:ral Agreement al their thirty-eighth session, 18 Reaffirming its resolutions 38/197 of 20 December 983, 39;210 of 18 December 1984, 40/ 185 of 17 Decem- her 1985 and 41 /165 of 5 December 1986, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on t he adoption and effects of economic measures taken hy developed countries for coercive purposes, including their 1mpact on international economic relations, 19 and consid- ,,·ring that further work should be undertaken in order to 1rnplemen1 resolutions 38/197, 39/210, 40/185 and -i 1/165, Gravely concerned that the use of coercive measures ad- ' ersely affects the economies and development efforts of Jeveloping countries and that, in sorne cases, those mea- 17 See Proceeding, of the United Nations Conference on Trade and lievelopment. Sixth Session, vol. 1, Report and Annexes (United Nations 1•ublirntion, Sales NP. E.83.ILD.6), part one, sect. A. IR Sec General Agrcement on Tariffs and Trade, Basic Imtruments and 'w/ected Documents. Twenty-ninth Supplement (Sales No. , ,ATT/1983-1), dou11nen1 l/5424 1" 0\/42;hó0 V. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Second Committee 131 sures have worsened, creating a negative impact on inter- national economic co-operation, l. Calls upon the international community to adopt urgent and effective measures in order to eliminate the use of coercive measures against developing countries, which have been increasing and have taken new forms; 2. Deplores the fact that sorne developed countries continue to apply and, in sorne cases, have increased the scope and magnitude of economic measures that have the purpose of exerting, directly or indirectly, coercion on the sovereign decisions of developing countries subject to those measures; 3. Reaffirms that developed countries should refrain from threatening or applying trade restrictions, blockades, embargoes and other economic sanctions, incompatible with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and in violation of undertakings contracted multilaterally and bilaterally, against developing countries as a form of political and economic coercion that affects their eco- nomic, political and social development; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare a com- prehensive, in-depth report, to be submitted to the Gen- eral Assembly at its forty-fourth session, on effective mea- sures to eliminate the use of coercive measures against developing countries, as mentioned in paragraph 1 above, and on the economic measures that adversely affect the de- velopment efforts of developing countries, mentioned in paragraph 3 above, taking into account existing informa- tion and including: (a) Relevant information from Governments; (a) Information from all the pertinent organs and or- ganizations of the United Nations system; (e) Suggestions for monitoring the application of the measures referred to in paragraph 3 above; (el) If he deems it appropriate, opinions and sugges- tions of competent internationally recognized experts in this field; 5. Appeals to Governments and to the pertinent organs and organizations ofthe United Nations system to provide the necessary information to the Secretary-General, so that he may prepare the report called for in paragraph 4 above. 96th plenary meeting 11 December 1987 42/174. Specific action related to tbe particular needs and problems of land-locked developing coun- tries The General Assembly, Reiterating the specific actions related to the particular needs of the land-locked developing countries set out in United Nations Conference on Trade and Development resolutions 63 (III) of 19 May 1972, 20 98 (IV) of 31 May 1976,21 123 (V) of 3 June 197922 and 137 (VI) of 2 July 198317 and Trade and Development Board resolution 319 (XXXI) of 27 September 1985,23 20 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Third Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.73.II.D.4), annex LA. 21Ibid., Fourth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.76.II.D. IO and corrigendum), part one, sect. A. 22Ibid., Fifth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.II.D.14), part one, sect. A. 23 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fortieth Session. Supplement No. 15 (A/40/15), vol. 11, sect. l. Recalling the provisions of its resolutions 31/157 of 21 December 1976, 32/191 of 19 December 1977, 33/150 of 20 December 1978, 34/198 of 19 December 1979, 35/58 of5 December 1980, 36/175 of 17 December 1981, 39/209 of 18 December 1984 and 40/183 of 17 December 1985 and other resolutions of the United Nations relating to the particular needs and problems of land-locked devel- oping countries, Bearing in mind that the land-locked developing coun- tries, most of which are also least developed countries, have been severely affected by the current socio-economic crisis, Recalling the relevant provisions of the Final Act adopted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development at its seventh session, held at Geneva from 9 July to 3 August 1987,24 Recalling also the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 25 adopted on 10 December 1982, Noting that the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to Study Ways and Means of Improving Transit-transport lnfrastructures and Services for Land-locked Developing Countries26 and the recommendations therein, and the various views and comments of Governments on the re- port, could be a basis for an approach towards resolving the problems that the land-locked developing countries face, Recognizing that the lack of territorial access to the sea, aggravated by remoteness and isolation from world mar- kets, and prohibitive transit, transport and trans-shipment costs and risks impose serious constraints on export earn- ings, private capital inflow and domestic resource mobili- zation of the land-locked developing countries and there- fore adversely affect their growth and socio-economic development, Recognizing also that most transit countries are them- selves developing countries facing serious economic prob- lems, including the lack of adequate infrastructure in the transport sector, Noting with concern that the measures taken thus far have not adequately addressed the problems of land- locked developing countries, 1. Reaffirms the right of access of land-locked coun- tries to and from the sea and freedom of transit through the territory of transit Sta tes by all means of transport, in accordance with article 125 of the United Nations Con- vention on the Law of the Sea; 2. Appeals to all States, international organizations and financia! institutions to implement, as a matter of ur- gency and priority, the specific actions related to the par- ticular needs and problems of land-locked developing countries envisaged in United Nations Conference on Trade and Development resolutions 63 (111), 98 (IV), 123 (V) and 13 7 (VI) and the Final Act adopted by the Conference at its seventh session, in the International De- velopment Strate'y for the Third United Nations Devel- opment Decade,2 in the Substantial New Programme of Action for the 1980s for the Least Developed Countries28 and in other relevant resolutions of the United Nations; 24 See TD/351, part one, sect. l. 25Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law ofthe Sea, vol. XVII (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.84.V.3), document A/CONF.62/122. 26Official Records of the Trade and Development Board, Twenty-ninth Session, Annexes, agenda item 6, document TD/B/1002. 27 Resolution 35/56, annex. 28Report of the United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, París, 1-14 September 1981 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.82.1.8), part one, sect. A.

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