A/RES/42/174 GA

V. Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Second Committee 131 sures have worsened, creating a negative impact on inter- national economic co-operation, l. Calls upon the international community to adopt urgent and effective measures in order to eliminate the use of coercive measures against developing countries, which have been increasing and have taken new forms; 2. Deplores the fact that sorne developed countries continue to apply and, in sorne cases, have increased the scope and magnitude of economic measures that have the purpose of exerting, directly or indirectly, coercion on the sovereign decisions of developing countries subject to those measures; 3. Reaffirms that developed countries should refrain from threatening or applying trade restrictions, blockades, embargoes and other economic sanctions, incompatible with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and in violation of undertakings contracted multilaterally and bilaterally, against developing countries as a form of political and economic coercion that affects their eco- nomic, political and social development; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare a com- prehensive, in-depth report, to be submitted to the Gen- eral Assembly at its forty-fourth session, on effective mea- sures to eliminate the use of coercive measures against developing countries, as mentioned in paragraph 1 above, and on the economic measures that adversely affect the de- velopment efforts of developing countries, mentioned in paragraph 3 above, taking into account existing informa- tion and including: (a) Relevant information from Governments; (a) Information from all the pertinent organs and or- ganizations of the United Nations system; (e) Suggestions for monitoring the application of the measures referred to in paragraph 3 above; (el) If he deems it appropriate, opinions and sugges- tions of competent internationally recognized experts in this field; 5. Appeals to Governments and to the pertinent organs and organizations ofthe United Nations system to provide the necessary information to the Secretary-General, so that he may prepare the report called for in paragraph 4 above. 96th plenary meeting 11 December 1987 42/174. Specific action related to tbe particular needs and problems of land-locked developing coun- tries The General Assembly, Reiterating the specific actions related to the particular needs of the land-locked developing countries set out in United Nations Conference on Trade and Development resolutions 63 (III) of 19 May 1972, 20 98 (IV) of 31 May 1976,21 123 (V) of 3 June 197922 and 137 (VI) of 2 July 198317 and Trade and Development Board resolution 319 (XXXI) of 27 September 1985,23 20 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Third Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.73.II.D.4), annex LA. 21Ibid., Fourth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.76.II.D. IO and corrigendum), part one, sect. A. 22Ibid., Fifth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.II.D.14), part one, sect. A. 23 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fortieth Session. Supplement No. 15 (A/40/15), vol. 11, sect. l. Recalling the provisions of its resolutions 31/157 of 21 December 1976, 32/191 of 19 December 1977, 33/150 of 20 December 1978, 34/198 of 19 December 1979, 35/58 of5 December 1980, 36/175 of 17 December 1981, 39/209 of 18 December 1984 and 40/183 of 17 December 1985 and other resolutions of the United Nations relating to the particular needs and problems of land-locked devel- oping countries, Bearing in mind that the land-locked developing coun- tries, most of which are also least developed countries, have been severely affected by the current socio-economic crisis, Recalling the relevant provisions of the Final Act adopted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development at its seventh session, held at Geneva from 9 July to 3 August 1987,24 Recalling also the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 25 adopted on 10 December 1982, Noting that the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to Study Ways and Means of Improving Transit-transport lnfrastructures and Services for Land-locked Developing Countries26 and the recommendations therein, and the various views and comments of Governments on the re- port, could be a basis for an approach towards resolving the problems that the land-locked developing countries face, Recognizing that the lack of territorial access to the sea, aggravated by remoteness and isolation from world mar- kets, and prohibitive transit, transport and trans-shipment costs and risks impose serious constraints on export earn- ings, private capital inflow and domestic resource mobili- zation of the land-locked developing countries and there- fore adversely affect their growth and socio-economic development, Recognizing also that most transit countries are them- selves developing countries facing serious economic prob- lems, including the lack of adequate infrastructure in the transport sector, Noting with concern that the measures taken thus far have not adequately addressed the problems of land- locked developing countries, 1. Reaffirms the right of access of land-locked coun- tries to and from the sea and freedom of transit through the territory of transit Sta tes by all means of transport, in accordance with article 125 of the United Nations Con- vention on the Law of the Sea; 2. Appeals to all States, international organizations and financia! institutions to implement, as a matter of ur- gency and priority, the specific actions related to the par- ticular needs and problems of land-locked developing countries envisaged in United Nations Conference on Trade and Development resolutions 63 (111), 98 (IV), 123 (V) and 13 7 (VI) and the Final Act adopted by the Conference at its seventh session, in the International De- velopment Strate'y for the Third United Nations Devel- opment Decade,2 in the Substantial New Programme of Action for the 1980s for the Least Developed Countries28 and in other relevant resolutions of the United Nations; 24 See TD/351, part one, sect. l. 25Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law ofthe Sea, vol. XVII (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.84.V.3), document A/CONF.62/122. 26Official Records of the Trade and Development Board, Twenty-ninth Session, Annexes, agenda item 6, document TD/B/1002. 27 Resolution 35/56, annex. 28Report of the United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, París, 1-14 September 1981 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.82.1.8), part one, sect. A. 132 General Assembly-Forty-second Session 3. Urges the intemational community, in particular donor countries and multilateral financia! and develop- ment organizations, to provide land-locked and transit de- veloping countries with appropriate financia) and techni- cal assistance in the form of grants or concessional loans for the construction, maintenance and improvement of their transport and transit infrastructures and facilities including altemative routes; ' 4. Invites transit countries and the land-locked devel- oping countries to co-operate effectively in harmonizing transpoi:t pla~ning and in promotingjoint ventures, where appropnate, m the fields of transport and communications at the regional, subregional and bilateral levels; 5. Urges the intemational development bodies, in par- tic~lar the United Nations Development Programme, the Umted Na!ions Confe~e1;1ce on Trade and Development and th_e reg1<?nal com~1ss1ons,_ to further expand their sup- port, mcludmg techmcal ass1stance programmes in the transport and communications sectors of the land-Iocked developing countries; 6. Appeals to the intemational community to make ª".ailable to al_l transit and land-locked developing coun- tnes, a~ reqmred and on appropriate terms, including concess10nal arrang~ments, new_scientific and technologi- cal know-how relatmg to spec1fic transit-transport and communication problems; . 7. Appeals to the intemational community and, in par- ticular, donor countries, multilateral financia! and devel- opment institutions, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Deve~opment and the regional commissions, to extend_ al~ pos~1ble suppo~t to land-locked developing countnes m the1r efforts to 1mplement economic measures and policies designed to promote a pattem of growth that renders their economies less vulnerable to adverse conse- quences of their land-locked situation; 8. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of the United Nati<?ns Co~ference on Trade and Development on progress m the tmplementation of specific action re- lated to the particular needs and problems of Iand-locked developing countries,29 submitted pursuant to resolution '.1-01!83, and requests him to prepare another report, tak- mg mto ~c~ount the provisions of the present resolution, for ~ubm1ss1on to the General Assembly at its forty-fourth sess1on. 96th plenary meeting 11 December /987 42/175. Seventh session of the United Nations Confer- ence on Trade and Development The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 1995 (XIX) of 30 December 1964, as amended,30 on the establishment of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development asan or- gan ofthe General Assembly, 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974, containing the Declaration and the Pro- gramme of Action on the Establishment of a New Intema- tional Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974, containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Du- ties of Sta tes, 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on devel- opment and international economic co-operation and 35/56 of 5 December 1980, the annex to which contains the_ Intema!ional Development Strategy for the Third Umted Nat10ns Development Decade, and its decision 29 A/42/537, annex. 30 See resolutions 2904 (XXVII), 3 1 /2 A and B and 34/3. 40/438 of 17 December 1985 conceming the review and appraisal of the implementation of the Strategy, Recalling also its resolution 41/ 169 of S December 1986, in which it decided to convene the seventh session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Having considered the Final Act adopted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development at its se- venth session, held at Geneva from 9 July to 3 August 1987,2 Taking note of Trade and Development Board decision 350 (XXXIV) of 16 October 1987, in which the Board de- cided that the intergovernmental bodies ofthe Conference should follow up and keep under review the implementa- tion of the policies and measures in the Final Act falling within their terms of reference,31 Affirming the commitments made by Member States in the Final Act to reinvigorate and strengthen multilateral co-operation to promote and give effect to policies aimed at revitalizing development, growth and intemational trade, l. Welcomes the Final Act adopted by the United Na- tions Conference on Trade and Development at its seventh session as a step forward in co-operation, negotiation and the international dialogue on development; 2. Urges all Govemments, bearing in mind their par- ticular contributions, commensurate with their economic weight, and their commitments as embodied in the Final Act, to give full and prompt effect to the policies and mea- sures agreed to therein, through continuing action, in- dividually and collectively and in competent intemational organizations, in pursuit ofthe objective ofrevitalizing de- velopment, growth and intemational trade; 3. Requests the Trade and Development Board and the subsidiary organs of the Conference to take the appropri- ate necessary action on the Final Act; 4. Invites all organs, organizations and bodies of the United Nations system to respond positively to the results of the seventh session of the Conference within their re- spective fields of competence. ' 96th plenary meeting 11 December 1987 42/176. Trade embargo against Nicaragua The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 40/ 188 of 17 December 1985 and 41/164 of S December 1986, as well as its resolution 42/1 of 7 October 1987, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the trade embargo against Nicaragua,32 l. Deplores the continuation ofthe trade embargo con- trary to its resolutions 40/188 and 41/164 and to the Judgment of the Intemational Court of Justice of 27 June 1986, 33 and once again requests that those meas u res be im- mediately revoked; 31Official Records of the General Assembly. Forty-second Session, Supp/ement No. 15 (A/42/15), vol. II, sect. 11.B. Jt A/42/583. 33 See Military a_nd Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. Umted States of America), Merits, Judgment, J.C.J. Re port., 1986, p. 14.

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