A/RES/79/91 GA

United Nations A/RES/79/91 General Assembly Distr.: General 12 December 2024 24-23544 (E) *2423544* Seventy-ninth session Agenda item 50 Israeli practices and settlement activities affecting the rights of the Palestinian people and other Arabs of the occupied territories Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2024 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/79/423, para. 10)] 79/91. Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan The General Assembly, Guided by the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and the need to respect the obligations arising from the Charter and other instruments and rules of international law, Reaffirming the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolution 78/78 of 7 December 2023, as well as those resolutions adopted at its tenth emergency special session, Recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 446 (1979) of 22 March 1979, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980, 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981, 904 (1994) of 18 March 1994 and 2334 (2016) of 23 December 2016, and stressing the need for their implementation, Recalling further the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 Recalling the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 2 the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 3 and the Convention __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 3 Ibid. A/RES/79/91 Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan 24-23544 2/7 on the Rights of the Child,4 and affirming that these human rights instruments must be respected in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, Reaffirming the applicability of the Regulations annexed to the Hague Convention IV of 1907, the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,5 and relevant provisions of customary law, including those codified in Additional Protocol I6 to the four Geneva Conventions,7 to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and to other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, including the occupied Syrian Golan, Affirming that the transfer by the occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies constitutes a breach of the Fourth Geneva Convention,8 Recalling the advisory opinion rendered on 19 July 2024 by the International Court of Justice on the legal consequences arising from Israel’s policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and from the illegality of Israel’s continued presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and the Court’s determination, inter alia, that Israel’s continued presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory is unlawful and that Israel has an obligation to bring it to an end as rapidly as possible, and its reaffirmation that the Israeli settlements and the regime associated with them have been established and are being maintained in violation of international law,9 Recalling also the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,10 and recalling further General Assembly resolutions ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/17 of 15 December 2006, Taking note of the recent reports of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, 11 as well as of other relevant recent reports of the Human Rights Council, Recalling the report of the independent international fact-finding mission to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,12 Recalling also the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 199313 and the subsequent implementation agreements between the Palestinian and Israeli sides, Recalling further the Quartet road map to a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,14 and emphasizing specifically its call for a freeze on all settlement activity, including so-called natural growth, and the dismantlement of all settlement outposts erected since March 2001, and the need for Israel to uphold its obligations and commitments in this regard, __________________ 4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531. 5 Ibid., vol. 75, No. 973. 6 Ibid., vol. 1125, No. 17512. 7 Ibid., vol. 75, Nos. 970–973. 8 Ibid., No. 973. 9 See A/78/968. 10 See A/ES-10/273 and A/ES-10/273/Corr.1. 11 A/HRC/53/59 and A/HRC/55/73; see also A/78/545 and A/79/384. 12 A/HRC/22/63. 13 A/48/486-S/26560, annex. 14 S/2003/529, annex. Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan A/RES/79/91 3/7 24-23544 Recalling its resolution 67/19 of 29 November 2012, Noting the accession by Palestine to several human rights treaties and the core humanitarian law conventions, as well as other international treaties, Aware that Israeli settlement activities involve, inter alia, the transfer of nationals of the occupying Power into the occupied territories, the confiscation of land, the forced transfer of Palestinian civilians, including Bedouin families, the exploitation of natural resources, the fragmentation of territory and other actions against the Palestinian civilian population and the civilian population in the occupied Syrian Golan that are contrary to international law, Bearing in mind the extremely detrimental impact of Israeli settlement policies, decisions and activities on the ongoing regional and international efforts to resume and advance the peace process, on the prospects for the achievement of peace in the Middle East in accordance with the two-State solution of Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security within recognized borders, on the basis of the pre-1967 borders, and on the viability and credibility of that solution, Condemning settlement activities by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, as violations of international humanitarian law, relevant United Nations resolutions, the agreements reached between the parties and obligations under the Quartet road map and as actions in defiance of the calls by the international community to cease all settlement activities, Deploring in particular Israel’s construction and expansion of settlements in and around occupied East Jerusalem, including its so-called E-1 plan that aims to connect its illegal settlements around and further isolate occupied East Jerusalem, the continuing demolition of Palestinian homes and eviction of Palestinian families from the city, the revocation of Palestinian residency rights in the city, and ongoing settlement activities in the Jordan Valley, all of which further fragment and undermine the contiguity of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Deploring the plans to demolish the Palestinian village of Khan al-Ahmar, in contravention of international law, which would have serious consequences with regard to the displacement of its residents, severely threaten the viability of the two- State solution and undermine the prospect of peace, given the area’s sensitive location and importance for preserving the contiguity of the Palestinian territory, and demanding the cessation of such plans, Condemning the demolition by Israel, in contravention of international law, of Palestinian buildings in the neighbourhood of Wadi al-Hummus in the village of Sur Bahir, south of occupied East Jerusalem, and of homes in Masafer Yatta, as well as other coercive measures potentially leading to the forced displacement and affecting over 1,200 Palestinian civilians, Taking note of the Quartet report of 1 July 2016, 15 and stressing its recommendations, as well as its relevant statements in which the Quartet members concluded that, inter alia, the continuing policy of settlement construction and expansion, designation of land for exclusive Israeli use and denial of Palestinian development, including the recent high rate of demolitions, are steadily eroding the two-State solution, Deploring the continuing unlawful construction by Israel of the wall inside the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, and expressing its concern, in particular, about the route of the wall in departure from the __________________ 15 S/2016/595, annex. A/RES/79/91 Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan 24-23544 4/7 Armistice Line of 1949 and in such a way as to include the great majority of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and which is causing humanitarian hardship and a serious decline of socioeconomic conditions for the Palestinian people, is fragmenting the territorial contiguity of the Territory and undermining its viability, and could prejudge future negotiations and make the two-State solution physically impossible to implement, Condemning acts of violence and terror against civilians on both sides, and recalling the need to end all acts of violence, including acts of terror, provocation, incitement and destruction, Condemning also all acts of violence, destruction, harassment, provocation and incitement by Israeli settlers in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, against Palestinian civilians, including children, and their properties, including historic and religious sites, and agricultural lands, as well as acts of terror by several extremist Israeli settlers, and calling for accountability for the illegal actions perpetrated in this regard, Taking note of the relevant reports of the Secretary-General, including pursuant to Security Council resolution 2334 (2016),16 1. Reaffirms that the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan are illegal and an obstacle to peace and economic and social development; 2. Demands that Israel accept the de jure applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, including the occupied Syrian Golan, and abide scrupulously by the provisions of the Convention, in particular article 49, and comply with all of its obligations under international law and cease immediately all actions causing the alteration of the character, status and demographic composition of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the occupied Syrian Golan; 3. Reiterates its demand for the immediate and complete cessation of all Israeli settlement activities in all of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, and calls in this regard for the full implementation of all the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, including, inter alia, resolutions 446 (1979), 452 (1979) of 20 July 1979, 465 (1980), 476 (1980), 478 (1980), 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003 and 2334 (2016); 4. Stresses that a complete cessation of all Israeli settlement activities is essential for salvaging the two-State solution on the basis of the pre-1967 borders; 5. Also stresses the urgent need to reverse negative trends on the ground, including the building of settlements and the demolition of Palestinian homes, which are imperilling the viability of the two-State solution and entrenching a situation of unequal rights and discrimination, and are preventing the Palestinian people from exercising their fundamental rights; 6. Recalls the affirmation by the Security Council, in its resolution 2334 (2016), that it will not recognize any changes to the 4 June 1967 lines, including with regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the parties through negotiations; 7. Recalls the determination by the International Court of Justice, in its advisory opinion rendered on 19 July 2024, that Israel’s policies and practices amount to annexation of large parts of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, contrary to the __________________ 16 A/79/337, A/79/347 and A/79/363. Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan A/RES/79/91 5/7 24-23544 prohibition of the use of force in international relations and its corollary principle of the non-acquisition of territory by force, and stresses in this regard that the occupation of a territory is to be a temporary, de facto situation, whereby the occupying Power can neither claim possession nor exert its sovereignty over the territory it occupies, and recalls the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of land by force and therefore the illegality of the annexation of any part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, which constitutes a breach of international law, undermines the viability of the two-State solution and challenges the prospects for a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement; 8. Condemns in this regard settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan and any activities involving the confiscation of land, the disruption of the livelihood of protected persons, the forced transfer of civilians and the annexation of land, whether de facto or through national legislation; 9. Recalls that the International Court of Justice observed that Israel’s legislation and measures impose and serve to maintain a near-complete separation in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, between the settler and Palestinian communities and considered that they constitute a breach of article 3 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; 17 10. Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, comply with its legal obligations, as mentioned in the advisory opinions rendered on 9 July 2004 and 19 July 2024 by the International Court of Justice, including to bring an end to its unlawful presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory as rapidly as possible, to cease immediately all new settlement activities and to evacuate all settlers from the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and to put an end to its unlawful acts, including by repealing all legislation and measures creating or maintaining the unlawful situation, inter alia, those which discriminate against the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, as well as all measures aimed at modifying the demographic composition of any parts of the Territory; 11. Recalls in this regard the conclusion of the International Court of Justice that Israel is under an obligation to provide full reparation for the damage caused by its internationally wrongful acts to all natural or legal persons concerned; 12. Reiterates its call for the prevention of all acts of violence, destruction, harassment and provocation by Israeli settlers, especially against Palestinian civilians and their properties, including historic and religious sites and including in Occupied East Jerusalem, and their agricultural lands; 13. Calls for accountability for the illegal actions perpetrated by Israeli settlers in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, stresses in this regard the need for the implementation of Security Council resolution 904 (1994), in which the Council called upon Israel, the occupying Power, to continue to take and implement measures, including the confiscation of arms, aimed at preventing illegal acts of violence by Israeli settlers, and called for measures to be taken to guarantee the safety and protection of the Palestinian civilians in the occupied territory, recalls in this regard the report of the Secretary-General on the protection of the Palestinian civilian population, 18 and welcomes the Secretary-General’s observations, including with respect to the expansion of existing protection mechanisms to prevent and deter violations; __________________ 17 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, No. 9464. 18 A/ES-10/794. A/RES/79/91 Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan 24-23544 6/7 14. Stresses the responsibility of Israel, the occupying Power, to investigate all acts of settler violence against Palestinian civilians and their properties and to ensure accountability for these acts and end prevailing impunity in this regard; 15. Calls upon all States and international organizations to continue to actively pursue policies that ensure respect for their obligations under international law, including those outlined in the advisory opinion rendered by the International Court of Justice on 19 July 2024, with regard to Israel’s unlawful presence and all illegal Israeli practices and measures in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, particularly in relation to Israeli settlements and their associated regime, including, inter alia, the obligations of distinction and of non-recognition and non-assistance to the unlawful presence of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and to its unlawful acts, as well as the obligation, while respecting the Charter of the United Nations and international law, to ensure that any impediment resulting from the illegal presence of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory to the exercise of the Palestinian people of its right to self-determination is brought to an end and the obligation of all the States parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention, while respecting the Charter of the United Nations and international law, to ensure compliance by Israel with international humanitarian law as embodied in that Convention; 16. Calls for measures of accountability, consistent with international law, including targeted measures against extremist settlers and against entities and organizations which support them, in the light of continued non-compliance with the demands for a complete and immediate cessation of all settlement activities, which are illegal under international law, constitute an obstacle to peace and threaten to make a two-State solution impossible, stressing that compliance with and respect for international humanitarian law and international human rights law is a cornerstone for peace and security in the region; 17. Recalls, in this regard, the statement of 15 July 1999 and the declarations adopted on 5 December 2001 and on 17 December 2014 19 by the Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention on measures to enforce the Convention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, welcomes in this regard initiatives by States parties, both individually and collectively, in accordance with article 1 of the Convention, aimed at ensuring respect for the Convention and accountability, and calls upon all High Contracting Parties to the Convention to continue, individually and collectively, to exert all efforts to ensure respect for its provisions by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967; 18. Also recalls that the Security Council, in its resolution 2334 (2016), called upon all States to distinguish, in their relevant dealings, between the territory of the State of Israel and the territories occupied since 1967; 19. Calls upon all States, consistent with their obligations under international law and the relevant resolutions, not to recognize, and not to render aid or assistance in maintaining, the situation created by measures that are illegal under international law, including those aimed at advancing annexation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967; 20. Calls upon the relevant United Nations bodies to take all necessary measures and actions within their mandates to ensure full respect for and compliance with Human Rights Council resolution 17/4 of 16 June 2011,20 concerning the Guiding Principles __________________ 19 A/69/711-S/2015/1, annex. 20 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. III, sect. A. Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan A/RES/79/91 7/7 24-23544 on Business and Human Rights21 and other relevant international laws and standards, and to ensure the implementation of the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework, which provides a global standard for upholding human rights in relation to business activities that are connected with Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem; 21. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its eightieth session on the implementation of the present resolution; 22. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its eightieth session the item entitled “Israeli practices and settlement activities affecting the rights of the Palestinian people and other Arabs of the occupied territories”. 47th plenary meeting 4 December 2024 __________________ 21 A/HRC/17/31, annex.

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