A/RES/80/124 GA

United Nations A/RES/80/124 General Assembly Distr.: General 18 December 2025 25-20760 (E) *2520760* Eightieth session Agenda item 16 (d) Macroeconomic policy questions: commodities Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2025 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/80/555, para. 7)] 80/124. Commodities The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 59/224 of 22 December 2004, 61/190 of 20 December 2006, 63/207 of 19 December 2008, 64/192 of 21 December 2009, 66/190 of 22 December 2011, 68/203 of 20 December 2013, 70/191 of 22 December 2015, 72/205 of 20 December 2017, 74/204 of 19 December 2019, 76/194 of 17 December 2021 and 78/138 of 19 December 2023 on commodities, Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, Welcoming the convening of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development from 30 June to 3 July 2025 in Sevilla, Spain, and reaffirming its outcome document, the Sevilla Commitment, endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolution 79/323 of 25 August 2025, which sets forth a renewed global framework for financing for development, building on the 2015 Addis Ababa Action Agenda, 1 to close with urgency the estimated annual 4 trillion United States dollar financing gap, 2 _______________ 1 General Assembly resolution 69/313, annex. 2 Financing for Sustainable Development Report 2024 (United Nations publication, 2024), figure I.1. A/RES/80/124 Commodities 25-20760 2/10 and catalyse sustainable development investments at scale in developing countries and continue the reform of the international financial architecture through continued and strong commitment to multilateralism, international cooperation, and global solidarity, Reaffirming its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, Reaffirming also the Paris Agreement 3 and its early entry into force, encouraging all its Parties to fully implement the Agreement and Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 4 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Recalling the first part of the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Kunming, China, from 11 to 15 October 2021, and the second part of the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, held in Montreal, Canada, from 7 to 19 December 2022, and welcoming its outcomes, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and urging their early, inclusive and effective implementation, Welcoming the convening of the United Nations Conference on the Midterm Comprehensive Review of the Implementation of the Objectives of the International Decade for Action, “Water for Sustainable Development”, 2018–2028, in New York from 22 to 24 March 2023, and looking forward to the 2026 United Nations Water Conference to Accelerate the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, to be co-hosted by Senegal and the United Arab Emirates, and the 2028 United Nations Conference on the Final Comprehensive Review of the Implementation of the Objectives of the International Decade for Action, “Water for Sustainable Development”, 2018–2028, to be hosted by Tajikistan, Welcoming also the convening of the 2025 United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, co-hosted by Costa Rica and France, in Nice, France, from 9 to 13 June 2025, at which its political declaration5 was adopted, Noting the ongoing efforts to implement the Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the decade 2022–2031, adopted in March 2022 at the first part of the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, 6 the Antigua and Barbuda Agenda for Small Island Developing States: A Renewed Declaration for Resilient Prosperity, adopted in May 2024 at the fourth International Conference on Small Island Developing States,7 and the Awaza Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2024–2034, adopted by the General Assembly in December 2024 and endorsed at the Third United Nations _______________ 3 Adopted under the UNFCCC in FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21. 4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. 5 Resolution 79/314, annex. 6 Resolution 76/258, annex. 7 Resolution 78/317, annex. Commodities A/RES/80/124 3/10 25-20760 Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries, 8 and recognizing the special challenges facing middle-income countries, Recalling the Sendai Declaration9 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,10 Recalling also the holding of the one-day informal interactive dialogue on commodity markets in New York on 26 April 2024, from which resulted a summary that outlined the central messages and conclusions of the two interactive panels held during the dialogue, Reaffirming the importance of supporting Agenda 2063 of the African Union, as well as its second 10-year implementation plan (2024–2033), as a strategic framework for ensuring a positive socioeconomic transformation in Africa within the next 50 years, its continental programme embedded in the resolutions of the General Assembly on the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, and regional initiatives, Reaffirming also that, in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, Heads of State and Government expressed concern about the excessive volatility of commodity prices, including for food and agriculture, and its consequences for global food security and improved nutrition outcomes, noted the Agricultural Market Information System hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and called for the provision of access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets, consistent with sustainable management practices as well as initiatives that add value to outputs from small-scale fishers, Welcoming the convening of the sixteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in Geneva from 20 to 23 October 2025, Taking note of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Commodities and Development Reports, its State of Commodity Dependence 2025 report and its note on commodity dependence and the Sustainable Development Goals, and noting the role that the Conference has been playing as an institution in looking at the interaction between commodity markets and economic development and in the elaboration of the concept of commodity-dependent developing countries, Taking note also of resolution 5/12 of 2 March 2022 of the United Nations Environment Assembly,11 Noting with concern that most developing countries have not been able to overcome commodity dependence challenges for several decades and that commodity dependence poses not only a set of macroeconomic vulnerabilities, but also a structural development trap, Underlining the importance of advancing sustainable consumption and production patterns, Noting with concern that most commodities exhibited price volatility, driven primarily by a variety of factors relating to supply and demand, including those associated with geopolitical tensions and conflicts, weather patterns and the slowdown of global economic growth, Recognizing that commodity price volatility, including excessive volatility, can have adverse impacts on both producer and consumer countries, and noting with concern that this can undermine commodity-dependent countries’ development _______________ 8 Resolution 79/233, annex; see also resolution 79/279. 9 Resolution 69/283, annex I. 10 Ibid., annex II. 11 UNEP/EA.5/Res.12. A/RES/80/124 Commodities 25-20760 4/10 efforts, as it could discourage investment, widen trade deficits and aggravate household poverty, Noting that commodity price movements have both macroeconomic and microeconomic implications for commodity-dependent developing countries, as well as net commodity-importing developing countries, and further noting that rises in commodity prices may contribute to improvements by exporting countries in their export and fiscal revenue, allowing them to increase current and capital government expenditure, and that, by contrast, a decline in commodity prices may lead to shortfalls in export and fiscal earnings and the inability of Governments to deliver basic goods and services, Noting also that countries dependent on commodities exports or on a limited number of economic activities were particularly hard hit by the COVID‑19 pandemic and that the pandemic, in addition to geopolitical tensions and conflicts, has also led to severe commodity price variations, which have deepened the challenges faced by commodity-dependent countries, Expressing concern that growth remains weak and includes subdued trade growth, volatile capital flows, widespread fiscal strains and unsustainable debt in some countries, particularly developing countries, and that commodity exporters are particularly hard hit owing to their vulnerability to commodity price volatility, and in this regard stressing the need for continuing efforts to address systemic fragilities and imbalances, to reform and strengthen international financial institutions as key to large-scale Sustainable Development Goals-related investments in order to better address global challenges and to make further progress towards sustaining and rebalancing global demand, Recognizing the adverse impact of excessive price volatility of commodities, especially on women, girls, young people and people in vulnerable situations, Recognizing also that the structural constraints that women face as economic agents, including segmentation in low-value-added or subsistence-oriented work, unequal access to productive resources, limited access to training and skill-building due to gender segmentation in education and labour markets and a lack of resources, as well as the disproportionate time spent on unpaid work, make women and girls especially vulnerable to the adverse impact of excessive price volatility of commodities, Stressing the importance of policies to address longer-term structural issues, including structural constraints faced by women as economic agents, to diversify commodity economies and to integrate commodity policies into wider development and poverty eradication strategies at all levels, Recognizing that uncertainty in global commodity markets reinforces the need to comprehensively deal with the commodity problematique, inter alia, the demand for commodities, supply capacities, commodity revenues and investments in commodity-dependent economies, while taking due account of the diversity of each country’s individual situation and needs and the promotion of their sustainable development, and to strengthen the nexus between, inter alia, trade, finance, investment in sustainable agriculture and food systems, energy and industrialization, Noting the work on consensus-building on commodity-related issues achieved through meetings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, including the multi-year expert meetings on commodities and development, and the Global Commodities Forum, Underlining the importance of timely, accurate and transparent information to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets, in accordance with the Commodities A/RES/80/124 5/10 25-20760 2030 Agenda, noting global and regional initiatives, including the Agricultural Market Information System and its Rapid Response Forum, the joint organization data initiative and other regional data platforms and programmes, and urging the participating international organizations, private sector actors and Governments to ensure the public dissemination of timely and quality food market information products, Expressing deep concern at the adverse impact of climate change and extreme weather patterns on access to, and the utilization and prices of, agricultural commodities, while recognizing the important role of land and sustainable land management in the climate system, Recognizing the continued dependence of many developing countries on commodity exports and the need for economic diversification and value addition to reduce their dependence and increase their resilience to the negative effects of high commodity price volatility and global shocks, Reaffirming the need for commodity-dependent developing countries to create an enabling institutional and economic environment to use their natural resource endowments for value addition with attention to social, economic and environmental sustainability and to enhance their participation in commodity and related product value chains to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and promote economic and export diversification, Noting the increased demand for certain minerals critical for just, sustainable and inclusive transitions and the opportunity that these minerals offer to support development, economic diversification and structural transformation in mineral- exporting developing countries by moving up these commodities value chains, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on world commodity trends and prospects;12 2. Also takes note of the report of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals, entitled “Resourcing the energy transition: principles to guide critical energy transition minerals toward equity and justice”, released on 11 September 2024; 3. Recognizes the interlinkage between the adequate and transparent functioning of commodity markets and the capacity of some commodity-dependent developing countries to collect appropriate fiscal revenues from commodity exports and mobilize domestic resources to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and their sustainable development, including through sustainable and inclusive economic growth, industrialization, decent work and market diversification; 4. Encourages support for developing countries, according to their national plans and policies, through technical assistance, to increase their capacity in detecting and averting trade misinvoicing and transfer mispricing in their commodities sectors in order to enhance their benefits from those sectors to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals; 5. Calls upon international partners and all relevant stakeholders to scale up efforts to support commodity-dependent developing countries in creating an enabling institutional and economic environment so that commodity-dependent developing countries can utilize their natural resource endowments to accelerate socioeconomic _______________ 12 A/80/120. A/RES/80/124 Commodities 25-20760 6/10 development and promote inclusion, economic diversification and value addition towards sustainable development; 6. Recognizes the need for developing countries rich in critical minerals to promote domestic processing of these minerals in a way that adds value to the production and exports of those countries and that contributes to the economic diversification of the minerals in line with the three pillars of sustainable development in a balanced manner as a way of contributing to the countries’ economic structural transformation, creating decent employment, increasing export revenues and participating in the process of economic development; 7. Encourages enhanced traceability, transparency and accountability along the mineral value chain; 8. Reaffirms the commitment from the Sevilla Commitment to increase the added value and competitiveness of the production and export of critical minerals and commodities of developing countries by strengthening and supporting the establishment of sectors capable of enhancing the capacity of local industries to participate in regional and global value chains, in order to drive industrialization, growth and development in those sectors; 9. Recognizes the need for international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries to facilitate inclusive participation in global supply chains, promote value addition and foster economic diversification; 10. Reiterates the need for further efforts to address excessive commodity price volatility, in particular by assisting producers, especially small-scale producers, including women, in accordance with national plans and policies, in managing risk; 11. Stresses that developing countries, including African countries, the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, face particular challenges, such as long-term declines in certain commodities, and that the fluctuating prices for the commodities that they produce and export threaten the sustainable growth and the debt positions of such countries during periodic price downturns, and therefore notes that, in this context, economic and export diversification, value addition and industrialization can contribute to strengthening resilience to excessive price volatility by allowing the derivation of revenue from various sources; 12. Recognizes the need to continue efforts to diversify economies, as well as to improve the regulation, where appropriate, and the efficiency, responsiveness, functioning and transparency of financial and commodity markets nationally, regionally and internationally; 13. Acknowledges two main diversification strategies, one being horizontal diversification to export different types of commodities and other products to different markets, and the other being vertical diversification through value addition, and notes that these diversification strategies can contribute to creating sustained jobs and foster an inclusive and sustainable process of industrialization in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals; 14. Recognizes the relationship between technological change, innovation, economic diversification and structural transformation, notes with concern that most commodity-dependent developing countries have made minimal gains in closing technological gaps in the past few decades, and notes that acquiring technological capabilities on mutually agreed terms and adopting policies and exploring the creation of national institutions, as appropriate, that foster innovation and technological development in line with the Sustainable Development Goals could help to close those gaps; Commodities A/RES/80/124 7/10 25-20760 15. Encourages Member States, development partners and the private sector to promote economic diversification in commodity-dependent developing countries by means of responsible and sustainable investments in productive capacity, physical capital accumulation, value addition to commodities supply chains, human capacity- building, infrastructure, the improvement of science and technology capabilities and the strengthening of institutions and governance, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, while considering that diversification strategies can contribute to the creation of decent work and economic growth and build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation; 16. Encourages development partners and international financial institutions to engage in global commodity partnerships to support the production, refining and processing of critical minerals and commodities in developing countries, while respecting State sovereignty; 17. Reaffirms the call by Member States to support domestic value addition and broad economic diversification of critical minerals and commodities close to source by providing risk-sharing financing, technical assistance, capacity-building and developing market linkages; 18. Calls upon the international community to support the efforts of and foster cooperation with commodity-dependent developing countries to address the factors that create structural barriers to international trade and impede, inter alia, diversification and domestic value addition, including tariff and non‑tariff barriers, limited access to financial services resulting in scarce resources for investing in the commodity sector, weak infrastructure, particularly regarding both the cost and availability of transportation and storage, and lack of skills in producing and marketing alternative products; 19. Emphasizes the importance of enhanced collaboration between the public and private sectors and high levels of investment in commodity-dependent developing countries to promote diversification and upgrade productive structures integrated into global value chains for sustainable development; 20. Also emphasizes the importance of coherence in the integration of developing countries into commodity value chains, particularly through local and regional value addition; 21. Recalls the successful conclusion of the Thirteenth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, held from 26 February to 2 March 2024 in Abu Dhabi, and looks forward to the convening of the Fourteenth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, to be held in Cameroon from 26 to 29 March 2026; 22. Also recalls that the slow and uneven recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) pandemic particularly harmed developing countries, including commodity-dependent developing countries, and acknowledges that international trade plays a crucial role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development13 and promoting sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth for all; 23. Calls for a coherent set of policy actions at the national, regional and international levels to address excessive price volatility and support commodity- dependent developing countries in mitigating negative impacts, by facilitating value addition and enhancing their participation in commodity and related product value chains, by supporting large-scale diversification of these economies and by encouraging the use and further development of market-oriented risk management tools, instruments and strategies; _______________ 13 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/80/124 Commodities 25-20760 8/10 24. Stresses the importance of developing and strengthening agricultural policies and strategies that recognize and address women’s critical role in food security and improved nutrition outcomes as an integral part of both short- and long- term responses to food insecurity and malnutrition and food crises in developing countries; 25. Recognizes the potential for innovation, productivity improvements and the promotion of non‑traditional exports in most commodity-dependent developing countries, particularly in Africa, and calls for enhanced support by the international community as well as exchanges of experience in these areas within the framework of South-South economic cooperation; 26. Underscores the importance of increased investments in quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure as a means of promoting sustainable agricultural development and enhancing commodity diversification, including value- added production, and trade, and urges the international community to assist commodity-dependent developing countries in mainstreaming trade as well as sound investment and financial policies as key elements of development strategies, based on national circumstances and development priorities, and investing in and supporting research, innovation and development of sustainable agriculture productivity; 27. Stresses that technical assistance and capacity-building aimed at improving the commodity export competitiveness of producers are particularly important for developing countries, especially in Africa, and invites Member States and all relevant stakeholders to provide the resources necessary for commodity- specific financial and technical assistance, in particular for human and institutional capacity-building, including gender-responsive measures, as well as quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure development of developing countries, with a view to reducing their institutional bottlenecks and transaction costs and enhancing their commodity trade and development in accordance with national development plans; 28. Also stresses that the Aid for Trade initiative should aim to help developing countries, particularly the least developed countries, to build the supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure that they need to assist them in implementing and benefiting from World Trade Organization agreements and, more broadly, expanding their trade; 29. Recalls the agreement to keep under regular review, by the Ministerial Conference and appropriate bodies of the World Trade Organization, the impact of the results of the Uruguay Round on the least developed countries as well as on the net food-importing developing countries, with a view to fostering positive measures to enable them to achieve their development objectives, and in this regard looks forward to the implementation of the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries; 30. Recognizes that high volatility in food prices in various countries and continuing food insecurity and malnutrition being faced by hundreds of millions of people, in particular in Africa, in South and West Asia and in parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, highlight the need for resilient and diversified agrifood systems, in order to lower the risks associated with future shocks and to safeguard access to safe, sufficient and nutritious food and diversified healthy diets, by supporting large- scale diversification of these economies, building a stronger food production sector inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, boosting productivity and market links in the food supply chains, increasing investments for a more diverse agricultural sector and seeking partnerships to increase trade and strengthen supply chains; Commodities A/RES/80/124 9/10 25-20760 31. Stresses that improving access to safe, sufficient and nutritious food and diversified healthy diets and maintaining food security during crises involve efforts to protect the most vulnerable, which, drawing from the experiences of the COVID‑19 pandemic, highlights the need for socioeconomic policies to counteract the effects of adverse economic cycles and serve as a buffer against income shocks; 32. Encourages developed countries that have not already done so and developing countries declaring themselves in a position to do so to take steps towards the goal of realizing timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration adopted by the World Trade Organization in 2005; 33. Notes the efforts under way to make the international financial architecture more responsive to global challenges, recognizes that more needs to be done, and in this regard strongly encourages international financial institutions and development banks to assist developing countries, in particular commodity-dependent developing countries, in managing the effects of commodity price volatility, including excessive volatility, in accordance with their respective mandates; 34. Reaffirms that every State has and shall freely exercise full permanent sovereignty over all its wealth, natural resources and economic activities; 35. Recognizes the importance of increasing efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in the management of public and private sector revenues in developed and developing countries derived from all commodities and commodities-related industries, including final processed goods, in support of development; 36. Encourages collaborative efforts involving Governments, regulators, industry stakeholders and civil society to foster fair, transparent and resilient commodity markets that benefit all participants in a fair way and contribute positively to global economic stability and sustainability at all levels; 37. Notes the important contributions of the Common Fund for Commodities and other international commodities organizations, and encourages them, in cooperation with the International Trade Centre, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and other relevant bodies, to strengthen coordination among them and to identify and implement innovative measures to enable the sustainable contribution of the commodity sector to economic development, including ways to reduce vulnerability to volatility in commodity prices, as well as to enhance activities in developing countries to improve access to markets and the reliability of supply, enhance diversification and the addition of value, improve the competitiveness of commodities, strengthen the market chain, improve market structures, broaden the export base and ensure the effective participation of all stakeholders, on the basis of a shared understanding of the contribution of commodities to sustainable development; 38. Stresses that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and its partners, in the spirit of inter-agency cooperation and multi-stakeholder partnerships, within their respective mandates, should continue to engage actively in collaborative research and analysis of the commodity problematique and related capacity- and consensus-building activities, with a view to providing regular analysis and policy advice relevant to the sustainable development of commodity-dependent developing countries, particularly low-income countries; 39. Looks forward to the convening of the second Global Supply Chain Forum, which will be organized jointly by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the Government of Saudi Arabia in 2026; A/RES/80/124 Commodities 25-20760 10/10 40. Emphasizes the importance of facilitating accession to the World Trade Organization, particularly for commodity-dependent developing countries, in full compliance with its rules; 41. Underlines the urgent need for the provision of and access to trade finance to commodity-dependent developing countries, given the tightened access to all types of credit and noting debt sustainability; 42. Welcomes the commitment to prevent and combat illicit financial flows and strengthen international cooperation and good practices on assets return and recovery; 43. Stresses that revenues from commodity production and exports remain critical for developing countries, in particular in the context of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, given that developing countries need to mobilize resources in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and that commodity prices have been highly volatile since 2022, which has put pressure on government budgets in developing countries; 44. Invites the President of the General Assembly to hold a one-day informal interactive dialogue of the Assembly on commodity markets during the first half of 2026, within existing resources, to review world commodity trends and prospects and possible strategies for economic and export diversification, as well as value addition for sustainable development, particularly in commodity-dependent developing countries, with the aim of sharing experiences and lessons learned, on a date and in a format to be decided by the President of the Assembly; 45. Calls upon all relevant bodies, agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and other relevant intergovernmental, global, regional and subregional organizations, in particular the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and all relevant international financial and economic institutions, within their respective mandates, to continue to address the issue of the low industrialization and diversification of the economies of some commodity-dependent developing countries in relation to the capacity of Member States to achieve all the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030; 46. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its eighty-second session, in collaboration with the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, an action-oriented report on the implementation of the present resolution, with a particular emphasis on recommendations and strategies for economic and export diversification, commodity production and value addition for sustainable development, in line with the implementation of the Sevilla Commitment, and in this regard decides to include in the provisional agenda of its eighty-second session, under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”, the sub-item entitled “Commodities”. 64th plenary meeting 15 December 2025

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